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Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a chemical resistance polymer with high ferroelectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. PVDF has been chosen due to its unique properties compared with others in the polymers family and is used in a variety of sensors and transducers. A PVDF nanofiber membrane with relatively uniform morphology was pre...
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... Dielectric constant is a complex function consisting real part of dielectric permittivity depicting the absorption part of electrostatic energy and an imaginary part displaying the loss of energy. Both the part of dielectric constant is expressed with the equations (2) and (3) [48]: ...
... The real portion of the dielectric constant is depicted by e¢ and the imaginary portion is depicted by e¢¢ , C is the capacitance, A is the area of the electrode portion and e 0 (=8.854 × 10 −12 F m −1 ) is the absolute permittivity of the free space or vacuum [48,49]. Figure 5(a) illustrates the dielectric constant (e¢) as an operation of Log f. ...
In contrast to a polymer nanocomposite for high energy density application, a lead-free material such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and a non-toxic polymer matrix such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) can serve as a potential candidate for use in eco-friendly applications. In the present report, an effort has been made to enhance the dielectric behavior of the PVDF-based nanocomposites by adding ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO2-coated ZnO NPs (TZO) as nanofillers. A wet chemical precipitation technique was adopted to synthesize the thin films of PVDF and PVDF-ZnO, and PVDF-TZO nanocomposites. The structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy density studies of PVDF, PVDF-ZnO, and PVDF-TZO nanocomposites thin films were performed for different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of nanofillers. Structural characterization carried out using X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of PVDF-ZnO and PVDF-TZO nanocomposite thin films as the diffraction peaks (110) and (200) belonging to β-phase of PVDF, and (100, (002), (101), (110), (103), (200), (112), and (210) peaks were observed for ZnO, and (200), (116), (202) peaks belonging to TiO2 in case of PVDF+ 10% TZO and PVDF+40% TZO thin films. The functional groups belonging to β-phase of PVDF and ZnO were detected using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The surface microstructural of pure PVDF thin films showed spherulites and microimages of PVDF+ 10% ZnO and PVDF+ 10% TZO thin films depicted the inhomogeneous distribution of particles in the PVDF matrix. The maximum value of the dielectric constant, the maximum value of energy density, maximum remnant polarization, and the minimum value of dielectric loss for PVDF-TZO. PVDF-TZO thin films show an energy density of 65.3 µJ/cm3 for 40% of the nanofiller (TZO).
High-performance polymers, especially with high dielectric constant (k), provide the capability for futuristic application in ubiquitous wearable and tactile 3 electronics such as membranes and networked devices. In conjunction with polymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) which exhibit piezoelectric character istics, these devices can efficiently scavenge and store operational power from their working environment. Based on our previous work on e-textile, force protection clothing, wearable electronics, and electrospun nanofibers, we provide an overview of the recent progress and future applications in textile, e-textile, tactile sensing (sensors, actuators, transistors) and triboelectric devices (batteries, supercapacitors, triboelectric nanogenerators) fabricated using bio-derived natural materials. To reduce the environmental footprint of micro and nano plastics, the use of bio-derived polymers, which exist abundantly in nature, were investigated in different chemical compositions to achieve tunable properties, such as high k-dielectric, process ability, and desired biocompatibility, biodegradability, with no to minimum ecotoxicity. The diverse structures and fabrication processes of typical biopolymers provide sustainable pathways that would enable viable self-powering schemes in socially-pervasive applications. Additionally, challenges and potential research opportunities are analyzed and described
