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Representative CambrianOrdovician endemic trilobite genera from east Gondwana. (a and b) Kaolishania granulosa Kobayashi, 1933 from the Kaolishania Zone of the Sesong Formation, Korea. (c) Changshania equalis Sun, 1935 from the Eochuangia hana Zone of the Machari Formation, Korea. (d and e) Hamashania pulchera Kobayashi, 1942 from the Quadraticephalus Zone of the Hwajeol Formation, Korea. (f) Yosimuraspis vulgaris Kobayashi, 1960 from the Yosimuraspis Zone of the Mungok Formation, Korea. (g and h) Koraipsis spinus Kobayashi, 1934 from the Shumardia Zone of the Mungok Formation, Korea. Scale bars represent 2-mm-long.
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Trilobites are among the most diverse and abundant fossil groups in Korea and occur in the Cambrian–Ordovician Joseon Supergroup of the Taebaeksan Basin. The Cambrian–Ordovician trilobites of the Joseon Supergroup have been intensively studied during the last quarter century, with emphasis on taxonomic revision, refining biostratigraphic zonation,...
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... groups to the difference in depositional environments in a contiguous marine setting, and regarded the Yeongwol Group as a deep-water setting on the Sino-Korean Craton. Choi and Kim (2006) discovered a Furongian trilobite species endemic to the Sino-Korean Craton, Changshania equalis Sun, 1935 from the Machari Formation of the Yeongwol Group (Fig. 5c), which corroborated the Sino- Korean Craton affinity of the Yeongwol ...
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... paleogeographic position of the SKC in the early Paleozoic in conjunction with other major continental blocks of east Gondwana could be inferred from the occurrences of representative Cambrian-Ordovician endemic trilobites ( Fig. 5) of five areas, including Taebaek, Yeongwol, Shandong (North China), Australia and Bhutan. The Cambrian trilobite Kaolishania occurs in Taebaek, Shandong, Australia, and Bhutan (Sun, 1924Zhang and Jell, 1987;Shergold et al., 2007;Hughes et al., 2011;Park et al., 2012); Hamashania in Taebaek, Shandong, and Australia ( Zhang and Jell, ...
Context 3
... new paleogeographic configuration in Figure 6 was modified from previously known paleogeographic maps of Veevers (2004), Metcalfe (2006, 2013, and accommodates the occurrences of the representative endemic trilobite taxa (Fig. 5). The deep-water setting with incipient oceanic ridges between the SKC and SCC follows the suggestion of Metcalfe (2006) and accord with the slope to basinal facies at the western margin of the Ordos Basin ( Zhou et al., 1989). The area is known as the Helan trough or aulacogen in China ( Sun et al., 1989;Lin et al., 1995;Yin and Nie, ...
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Oldest rocks are sparsely distributed within the Dharwar Craton and little is known about their involvement in the sedimentary sequences which are present in the Archean greenstone successions and the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin. Stromatolitic carbonates are well preserved in the Neoarchean greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton and Cuddapah Basin of Pe...
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... It reflects a prolonged second-order cycle of marine transgression and regres-sion . Numerous lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, and sequence-stratigraphic studies from the last two decades have contributed significantly to the understanding of these early Palaeozoic sedimentary sequences and their palaeoenvironments, palaeogeography, sedimentary processes, biostratigraphy, palaeoecology, and diversity (e.g., S.B. Lee et al., 2004Lee et al., , 2005Lee et al., , 2006Lee et al., , 2008S.B. Lee andD.K. Choi, 2007, 2011;Kwon et al., 2002Kwon et al., , 2003Kwon et al., , 2005Kwon et al., , 2006 Jeong and Y.I. Lee 2004; Y. Kim and Y.I. Lee, 2006; I. Kang and D.K. Choi, 2007; T.-Y. Park and D.K. Choi, 2010a, b, 2011McKenzie et al., 2011;Chen et al., 2012;Hong et al., 2012Hong et al., , 2014Hong et al., , 2015Hong et al., , 2016T.-Y. Park et al., 2012Choh et al., 2013;Kihm et al., 2013;T.-Y. Park and Kihm, 2015;D.K. Choi et al., 2016;J.-H. Lee et al., 2016bJ.-H. Lee et al., , 2021J.-H. Lee et al., , 2023M. Lee et al., 2016;D.K. Choi and T.Y.S. Park, 2017;Jeon et al., 2019;H.S. Kim et al., 2019;Bang and Y.I. Lee, 2020;Byun et al., 2020;E. Cho et al., 2021;H. ...
... Oh, 2020). In both units, similar trilobite zones (Redlichia-Bailiella) suggest that the Myobong and Mantou formations are at least approximately coeval and were deposited during the earlymiddle Cambrian (Age 4-Wuliuan; Kobayashi, 1966a;Chough et al., 2010;Chough, 2013;D.K. Choi and T.Y.S. Park, 2017). ...
The lithostratigraphic relationships among the basal Taebaek Group, including the Jangsan, Myeonsan, and Myobong formations, have been controversial until recently. It has long been assumed that the Jangsan and Myeonsan formations are lateral equivalents that are both conformably overlain by the Myobong Formation. However, recent studies have shown that the Jangsan is Precambrian in age and is unconformably overlain by the Cambrian succession, whereas the Myeonsan is a Cambrian unit. Accordingly, this study proposes a revised lithostratigraphic framework of the basal Taebaek Group. The Myeonsan Formation (Cambrian Age 3?) is defined here as a basal Cambrian succession consisting of a basal conglomerate and coarse-grained immature sandstone with detrital heavy minerals that unconformably overlies Precambrian basement. The Myobong Formation (~Cambrian Age 4–Wuliuan) is a fine-grained unit that conformably overlies the Myeonsan Formation. The Myobong is subdivided as follows: Seokpo Member of lenticular cross-laminated sandstone and siltstone; Daehyun Member of laterally continuous alternations of thin-bedded sandstone and siltstone with some carbonate-filled channels; Gurae Member of bioturbated sandstone. The Myeonsan Formation is comparable with lowermost Cambrian units in North China that formed during second-order transgression. Further sea-level rise led to the deposition of the Myobong Formation and its correlative units in North China.
... = Dapingian. Conodont biozones are afterLee et al. (accepted), trilobite biozones are afterChoi and Park (2017), and radiometric absolute ages are fromGoldman et al. (2020). ...
The Ordovician succession of the Korean Peninsula is part of the Cambro-Ordovician Joseon Supergroup exposed in the Taebaeksan Basin of South Korea and the Pyeongnam Basin of North Korea. This review summarises the advances made on these successions during the past two decades, focusing on the Taebaeksan Basin. The Ordovician succession in the Taebaeksan Basin comprises the Taebaek, Yeongwol, Yongtan, Pyeongchang, and Mungyeong groups, of which the Taebaek and Yeongwol groups have been studied in detail. These strata are mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits formed in peritidal to deep-subtidal environments. Sedimentological and palaeontological studies show that the Korean Ordovician succession represents local variations of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, exemplified by reef evolution, changes in sedimentary systems, and changes in invertebrate fossil assemblages. Recent studies on the Yongtan, Pyeongchang, and Mungyeong groups have demonstrated that these units are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Taebaeksan Basin. The Ordovician strata in the Taebaek Group are generally similar to those of the Pyeongnam Basin and North China; however, the Upper Ordovician to Devonian strata between the two Korean basins show palaeontological affinities to those of South China, perhaps recording the Permo-Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean (North China) and South China blocks.
... The two Redlichia-occurring biozones are the oldest in each group. In comprehensively reviewing trilobite biostratigraphy of the Taebaeksan Basin, Choi et al. (2016) collectively renamed the two biozones as the Redlichia Zone and assigned it to Stage 4 of Cambrian Series 2 (see also Choi and Park, 2017). The Gurangri Formation is correlated with the Myobong Formation and underlying Jangsan/Myeonsan Formation (Choi et al., 2016, fig. ...
Redlichia nobilis Walcott, 1905 occurs in the Gurangri Formation of the Mungyeong Group, a lithostratigraphic unit of the Cambrian-Ordovician Joseon Supergroup in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea. The R. nobilis Zone of the formation is correlated with the Lungwangmiaoan Stage and the middle part of the Duyunian Stage of North and South China regional chronostratigraphic scheme, respectively. It corresponds to middle Stage 4 of Cambrian Series 2 in international chronostratigraphic chart. R. nobilis, which is regarded as the oldest trilobite in South Korea, is estimated to be 512 to 510.4 million years old. The specimens of R. nobilis are preserved on the bedding plane as deformed due to structural movement occurred in the Mungyeong area. It is observed in the outcrop that the cleavage plane intersects the bedding plane almost at right angle, forming intersection lineation parallel to fold axis. The cleavage plane can be generally defined as the XY plane and the lineation as the Y axis of strain ellipse on the bedding plane, and thus, the bedding plane corresponds to the YZ plane. The strain analysis using Mohr circle was performed to estimate strain ratio of the deformed specimens. Strain ratio (R) of the deformed specimens calculated ranges from 2.18 to 2.20, with the average of 2.19. The value is considered strongly reliable because the strain ratio of a combined strain marker consisting of a deformed specimen and elliptical structure (probably concretion) around the specimen is 2.18, nearly identical to the R values of other deformed specimens. Morphologic restoration of shape and size was conducted under no longitudinal strain along Y axis because structures indicative of stretching or shortening along the lineation are not observed in the outcrop and those indicative of shortening along the Z axis and thickening along the X axis are observed in thin section. The deformed specimens were restored into an undeformed state using a digital graphic software by only applying the R value perpendicular to the lineation for each specimen. R. nobilis, based on its restored morphology, is characterized by having anteriorly diagonal preocular sutures that are about 120% more apart than palpebral sutures, a hypostome that is fused with rostral plate and has two pairs of short spines (one pair along the lateral margin and the other at postero-lateral corner), 15 thoracic segments with a long axial spine on the 11th (from the anterior) segment, and a small sub-elliptical pygidium with three axial rings and sagittal furrow.
... The lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Taebaeksan Basin have historically been compared well with those in various parts of North China and the Pyeongnam Basin of North Korea (e.g., Kobayashi, 1930Kobayashi, , 1966Chough et al., 2000;Kwon et al., 2006;Chough, 2013), in terms of biostratigraphy and references therein), paleobiogeography (Jeong and Y.I. Lee, 2000S.-b. Lee et al., 2008;Choi and Park, 2017), sequence stratigraphy Chen et al., 2012), and lithostratigraphy (Chough et al., 2010). The sedimentation pattern on the Sino-Korean Block was generally similar throughout geologic time, before its collision with South China Block during the Permian-Triassic. ...
Precambrian and Cambrian rocks are often separated by the “Great Unconformity”, a global contact that can represent a gap spanning hundreds of millions of years of time. A coeval unconformity in the Sino-Korean Block has recently been documented from several different areas of China; however, the stratigraphic position of this boundary in the eastern margin of the Sino-Korean Block in the Taebaek Group, central-eastern Korea, is still elusive. We present an integrated approach incorporating detailed field observations, sedimentary petrography, and detrital zircon geochronology on the basal stratigraphic units of the Taebaek Group (Jangsan, Myeonsan, and Myobong formations) to resolve this issue. In contrast to the traditional view that all three formations are of early Cambrian age, that the Myeonsan Formation is a lateral equivalent of the Jangsan Formation, and that the Myobong Formation conformably overlies the other two formations, our data indicate that the Myeonsan Formation can be a lateral equivalent of the basal Myobong Formation. We propose that the Great Unconformity possibly lies between the Jangsan and Myeonsan/Myobong formations: the Jangsan Formation is probably of Precambrian age, and the Myeonsan and Myobong formations are early Cambrian in age. This result suggests that the Great Unconformity on the Sino-Korean Block extends to the eastern margin of the block in the Korean Peninsula. The recognition of the Great Unconformity in the Taebaek Group will help to clarify the stratigraphic correlation, tectonic history, and paleogeographic reconstruction of the eastern Sino-Korean Block during the Cambrian.
... Identification of the trilobites Oryctocephalus orientalis and Oryctocephalus kobayashii in the Heukgyo (or Masanri) Series of the Pyeongnam Basin (Saito 1933, 1934, Kobayashi 1966b, Om et al. 1996 is important; these index species are not known from the Taebaeksan Basin (Kobayashi 1966a, Choi & Park 2017. Both O. orientalis and O. kobayashii are junior synonyms of Oryctocephalus indicus (Sundberg et al. 2011), whose first appearance datum (FAD) defines the GSSP base of the Wuliuan Stage (Zhao et al. 2019). ...
Helcionelloids from the Korean Peninsula are revised based on a re-examination of type specimens and new material collected from the Cambrian Mungyeong Group of South Korea. The fauna comprises Coreospira rugosa, Hampilina goniospira, Dorispira pacifica, cf. Igorella coreanica, and Helcionelloid indet. Coreospira and Hampilina are distinguished from other helcionelloids by their angular junction between dorsal and lateral surfaces, and from each other by the presence or absence of a rounded ridge along the junction, respectively. The Korean helcionelloids range stratigraphically from the base of Maochuangian to the lower Hsuchuangian using the chronostratigraphical scheme from North China; this correlates with upper Stage 4 to the lower Wuliuan Stage. Unusual septal features, such as complex suture lines in Hampilina and a central circular structure in the simple convex septa of Coreospira, occur in the apical region of the Korean helcionelloids, and could have implications for univalved molluscan evolution.
Yeongju Oh [yjoh@kopri.re.kr], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Dong-Chan Lee [dclee@chungbuk.ac.kr], Department of Earth Science Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Dong-Jin Lee [lichenaria@daum.net], College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; Jeong-Gu Lee [leejg0310@korea.kr] Gwacheon National Science Museum, Gwacheon 13817, Republic of Korea
... 중국 대지는 주류 곤드와나지괴와 한중지괴 사이에 발 달한 대륙 지괴 내부 침강 분지로 해석되어 왔다 (Meng et al., 1997;Kwon et al., 2006;McKenzie et al., 2011). 전기 고생대 태백산분지 퇴적체는 지리 적 위치와 암상 특성으로 태백, 영월, 용탄, 평창, 문경 층군으로 나뉘고 각각의 퇴적환경과 퇴적암의 형성 과 정에 대한 연구가 지난 30년간 집중적으로 이루어졌다 (Choi, 1998;Chough et al., 2000;Choi et al., 2004;Choi and Chough, 2005;Kwon et al., 2006;Choi and Park, 2017 (Lee et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2013;2017b;Jang et al., 2018). 최근 수행 된 고생물학적 연구도 태백산분지의 고지리와 연대학 적 분석에 크게 기여하였다 Choi and Park, 2017;Choi, 2018a (Chough et al., 2000;Choi and Chough, 2005) (Fig. 1A). ...
... 전기 고생대 태백산분지 퇴적체는 지리 적 위치와 암상 특성으로 태백, 영월, 용탄, 평창, 문경 층군으로 나뉘고 각각의 퇴적환경과 퇴적암의 형성 과 정에 대한 연구가 지난 30년간 집중적으로 이루어졌다 (Choi, 1998;Chough et al., 2000;Choi et al., 2004;Choi and Chough, 2005;Kwon et al., 2006;Choi and Park, 2017 (Lee et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2013;2017b;Jang et al., 2018). 최근 수행 된 고생물학적 연구도 태백산분지의 고지리와 연대학 적 분석에 크게 기여하였다 Choi and Park, 2017;Choi, 2018a (Chough et al., 2000;Choi and Chough, 2005) (Fig. 1A). ...
... 권이균 · 권유진 · 여정민 · 이창윤 Kobayashi (1966)는 태백층군에서 180종의 삼엽충을 보고하였으나, 지난 25년간 분류학적 개정을 통해 삼 엽충 산출은 총 118종으로 그 수가 상당히 감소되었다 (Choi and Park, 2017). 또한 최근의 고생물학적 보완 (Yosimura, 1940;Kobayashi, 1966;Choi, 1998) (Table 1 and 평창단층 동편의 영월층군은 활발히 연구된 반면 (Yosimura, 1940;Kobayashi, 1966;Kim et al., 1973;Park et al., 1994;Lee, 1995;Choi, 1998;Kim and Choi, 2000), 서편의 영월층군은 집중적인 층서 연구가 부족하였다 (Lee, 1983;Son et al., 2001) (GICTR, 1962;Son, 1973;Son and Cheong, 1976;Lee, 1980;Cheong et al., 1979b) (Table 1 and (Park and Chang, 1985;Won et al., 2015). ...
This study reconstructed the paleoenvironments and paleogeography of the Taebaeksan Basin, through a review of the previous researches on sedimentology, paleontology and stratigraphy. This study also carried out a sequence stratigraphic analysis on regional tectonism and sea-level fluctuations on the basin during the Early Paleozoic. The basin broadly occur in the Taebaek, Yeongweol-Jecheon, Jeongseon-Pyeongchang, and Mungyeong areas, Gangwon province, South Korea. The basin-fills are composed mainly of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics, divided into the Taebaek, Yeongweol, Yongtan, Pyeongchang and Mungyeong groups according to lithologies and stratigraphic characteristics. Recently, there are a lot of studies on the provenance and depositional ages of the siliciclastic sequences of the basin. The detrital sediments of the basin would be derived from two separated provenances of the core-Gondwana and Sino-Korean cratons. In the Early Cambrian, the Taebaek and Jeongseon-Pyeongchang platforms have most likely received detrital sediments from the provenance of the Sino-Korean craton. On the other hand, the detrital sediments of the Yeongweol-Jecheon platform was probably sourced by those of the core-Gondwana craton. This separation of provenance can be interpreted as the result of the paleogeographic and paleotopographic separation of the Yeongweol-Jecheon platform from the Taebaek and Jeongseon-Pyeongchang platforms. The analyses on detrital zircons additionally reveal that the separation of provenance was ceased by the eustatic rise of sea-level during the Middle Cambrian, and the detrital sediments of the Taebaeksan Basin were entirely supplied from those of the core-Gondwana craton. During that period, sediment supply from the Sino-Korean craton would be restricted due to inundation of the provenance area of the craton. On the other hand, the Jeongseon-Pyeongchang platform sequences show the unconformable relationship between the Early Cambrian siliciclastic and the Early Ordovician carbonate strata. It is indicative of presence of regional uplift movements around the platform which would be to the extent offset of the effects of the Middle to Late Cambrian eustatic sealevel rise. These movements expanded and were reinforced across the basin in the latest Cambrian and earliest Ordovician. After the earliest Ordovician, the basin was tectonically stabilized, and the shallow marine carbonate environments were developed on the whole-platform by the Early Ordovician global eustatic sea-level rise, forming very thick carbonate strata in the basin. In the Late Ordovician, the Early Paleozoic sedimentation on the basin was terminated by the large-scale tectonic uplift across the Sino-Korean platform including the Taebaeksan Basin.
... The Korean Peninsula consists of seven tectonic units: three Precambrian massifs (the Nangrim, Gyeonggi, and Yeongnam massifs), two narrow Phanerozoic belts (the Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic Okcheon and Imjingang belts), and two regional-scale sedimentary basins (the Paleozoic Pyeongnamand and Cretaceous Gyeongsang basins). Recent studies have reported that the three unit of the central Korean Peninsula (Gyeonggi Massif, and Okcheon and Imjingang belts) belong to the South China Block, and the other unit belongs to the North China Block (Choi and Park, 2017;Choi, 2019). However, these basement rocks of the Korean Peninsula are intruded by extensive Mesozoic plutonic rocks, and the Permian-Jurassic igneous rocks are widely distributed on the Korean Peninsula and the nearby eastern margin of the northeast China (Kim et al., 2003;Sagong et al., 2005;Wu et al., 2011;Kim et al., 2015;Yang et al., 2017). ...
This study constrains the provenance of the trench-fill turbidite sandstones of the Jurassic accretionary complex (Chichibu accretionary complex) in Southwest Japan using detrital zircon U–Pb ages data. Zircons from all sites (six sites) yielded mainly Precambrian and Permian–Jurassic ages. The Precambrian zircons were derived from the North China Block, whereas the Permian–Jurassic zircons were derived from igneous rocks in and around the Korean Peninsula. The percentage of Precambrian zircons ranged from 39.9% to 52.9% (average 45.5%) of the total, and that of the Permian–Jurassic zircons ranged from 46.5% to 57.6 (average 52.6%). Thus, during the Jurassic, an equal number of zircons was continuously supplied from in and around the Korean Peninsula and the North China Block into a trench on the eastern margin of the Asian continent. The percentage of Permian and Triassic zircons gradually decreased over time, whereas the percentage of Jurassic zircons gradually increased. These changes likely reflected the igneous activity in and around the Korean Peninsula during the Jurassic. These results indicate that the turbidite sandstones of the Jurassic accretionary complex in Southwest Japan comprise detritus from not only the North China Block but also the igneous activity in and around the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, the Jurassic accretionary complex in Southwest Japan was likely formed near the North China Block.
... The early Paleozoic epeiric sea that occupied the region between the SKC and core Gondwana was named as the Joseon Sea to emphasize its paleogeographical importance (Choi, 2014;Choi & Park, 2017;Figure 6b). The Joseon Sea was the depositional site for the Joseon Supergroup and lower Paleozoic strata of the SKC. ...
... Index maps(Choi & Park, 2017).(a) Simplified tectonic map of East Asia. ...
... Geologic map of the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea(Choi & Park, 2017). SKTL, South Korean Tectonic Line. ...
The Taebaeksan Basin is located in the mid‐eastern part of the southern Korean Peninsula and tectonically belonged to the Sino‐Korean Craton (SKC). It comprises largely the lower Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup and the upper Paleozoic Pyeongan Supergroup which are separated by a disconformity representing a 140 myr−long hiatus. This paper explores the early Paleozoic paleogeographical and tectonic evolution of the Taebaeksan Basin on the basis of updated stratigraphy, trilobite faunal assemblages, and detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Joseon Supergroup. The Joseon Supergroup is a shallow marine siliciclastic‐carbonate succession ranging in age from the Cambrian Series 2 to Middle Ordovician. The Ongnyeobong Formation is the sole Upper Ordovician volcanic succession documented in the Taebaeksan Basin. It is suggested that in the early Paleozoic the Taebaeksan Basin was a part of an epeiric sea, the Joseon Sea, in east Gondwana. The Joseon Sea was the depositional site for lower Paleozoic successions of the SKC. Early Paleozoic sedimentation in the Joseon Sea commenced during the Cambrian Stage 3 (∼ 520 Ma) and ceased by the end of the Darriwilian (∼ 460 Ma). In the early Paleozoic, the SKC was located at the margin of east Gondwana and was separated from the South China Craton by an oceanic basin with incipient oceanic ridges, the Helan Trough. The spreading oceanic ridges and associated transform faults possibly promoted the uplift of the Joseon Sea, which resulted in cessation of sedimentation and break‐up of the SKC from core Gondwana by the end of the Ordovician.
... The journal's regular reviewing process was applied to all submitted manuscripts and the accepted papers are included in this special issue. Topics include reviews of paleontological studies in Korea such as trilobites by Choi and Park (2017) and vertebrate body fossils by Choi and Lee (2017). An overview of the tectonic evolution of Precambrian massifs is provided by Cho et al. (2017). ...
