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Current waveforms for both circuits and ΔIS for external ‘bg’ ground fault at 0.8 per unit of the line (R–T)
Source publication
The penetration of large‐scale offshore wind farms in power grids has a negative effect on the operation of the conventional distance relays. In this study, a new protection technique is presented for uncompensated/compensated double‐circuit transmission lines utilising one‐end current measurements. The proposed protection technique does not requir...
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Integration of large-scale grid-tied wind farm (WF) has been rising since the last decade. Most of the WF are built using squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG). In this paper, an analysis has been done on the hybrid power system model contained of conventional power plants and SCIG. The analysis has been done on different parameters of the grid...
With the proposal of the carbon peak goal, a multi-terminal flexible DC grid containing various renewable energy becomes the one of main ways of renewable energy power transmission. Thus, it is increasingly important to improve its transmission reliability and stability. This paper proposes a single-ended protection principle based on the analysis...
Citations
... Therefore, the voltage and current phasor information used by DFT to calculate impedance in distance, differential, and directional protection schemes is not appropriate for the wind integrated gearbox systems (WITS). To improve the performance of the conventional relays, adaptive distance relay schemes [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], differential schemes [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], and directional relay algorithms [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] were presented. These adaptive methods, which were described in , are trustworthy for a variety of fault types with varying locations and inception angles. ...
... The majority of the works fall within the categories of differential and distance relay mechanisms. A few additional studies that are comparable to these are found in the literature under the other relays category [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. To demonstrate the improper operation during failures caused by the wind farm's inadequate feed characteristics, the directional pilot protection scheme is tested on WITS [44]. ...
... These elements have an impact on the classic directional relay's dependability and security. Therefore, the researchers in [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] suggested improved strategies. The internal faults on WITS are detected and distinguished in [46] using the directional angle of the wind side current and collector bus voltage. ...
In the present scenario, renewable energy sources are more encouraged to produce power because of their environmental and economic benefits and wide availability. Furthermore, there are further security concerns regarding the feasibility of incorporating bulk wind technology into the existing electrical grid, especially at the transmission level. This article summarizes the modifications made to the current protection system as a result of the integration of large wind farms. Signal distortions are studied in relation to the effects of dynamic fluctuations in the wind parameters, together with the fault and gearbox line parameters. The use of flexible AC gearbox systems (FACTS) and the integration of large amounts of wind energy have made the situation much worse. Different configurations of the potential solutions for such a gearbox system in the presence of both wind and FACT compensating devices are described. In addition to post-fault diagnosis problems brought on by structural changes in the power system, this research also illustrates fault detection of the transmission lines in the presence of bulk wind power. However, the plans put in place after taking the wind system into account need to be secure when the electricity system is running under stress. To demonstrate the impact of power swing and other stressed events, a review of the solutions is given. Useful techniques like signal processing and artificial intelligence are discussed, which are used to obtain enhanced solutions against conventional methods to get better solutions while protecting lines penetrated through wind farms and equipped with FACT devices. A brief discussion is held regarding the advantages that the new solutions have over the conventional ones.
... The performance of distance relays during grid side fault in a VSC-HVDC connected offshore wind farm has been evaluated in [10]. Literature [11] studies the impact of large-scale wind farm penetration on conventional distance relays. In [11], a new protection scheme has been proposed for uncompensated/compensated double-circuit transmission lines using current measurements from single end. ...
... Literature [11] studies the impact of large-scale wind farm penetration on conventional distance relays. In [11], a new protection scheme has been proposed for uncompensated/compensated double-circuit transmission lines using current measurements from single end. Maloperation of directional pilot protection scheme on a transmission line connected to a wind farm is discussed in [12]. ...
Abstract The presence of Converter Interfaced Generations (CIGs) poses significant challenges to traditional protection schemes. This paper studies the impact of CIGs on the Breaker Failure Protection (BFP) of transmission lines emanating from CIGs. The instantaneous over‐current (50BF) setting and reset time of BFP have been investigated. Fault current contribution of CIGs is usually comparable with load currents. Low fault current contribution by CIGs may lead to significant loss of security of BFP because of the existing practice of using lower setting for 50BF. This paper proposes a voltage‐dependent adaptive setting of 50BF element to enhance the security of BFP schemes while maintaining dependability. Use of voltage helps in differentiating loads from fault situations. In traditional power systems, CT subsidence current is known to delay the reset of BFP schemes. The impact of low fault contribution by CIGs on the reset time of BFP has been studied. Mathematical expression for CT subsidence current, which influences the reset time, has been derived. It is observed that the BFP reset may not be delayed if the fault current seen by the breaker is low due to the presence of CIG. Discussions on the dependability and security of proposed 50BF setting are also presented.
In this paper, a novel two-terminal fault location approach utilizing traveling-waves for series compensated transmission line connected to wind farms is presented. The approach is based on accurate estimation of arrival time of waves (ATWs) at both ends of the line. The first step in estimation of ATWs is the application of estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant techniques (ESPRIT) on three-phase instantaneous voltage signals measured at both ends of the line after inception of fault in order to obtain reconstructed signals. The next step of the approach involves calculation of errors between aerial-modes of original and reconstructed signals (obtained via ESPRIT). Finally, the peak of squared-errors are utilized to determine ATWs. The simulation is carried out in PSACAD/EMTDC environment on IEEE-14 bus test system with a line having 50% series compensation connected to 300 MW wind farm. The efficacy of FLE approach is validated under different fault scenarios and found to be accurate regarding fault location estimation.
