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An optimisation problem can have many forms and variants. It may consider different objectives, constraints, and variables. For that reason, providing a general application programming interface (API) to handle the problem data efficiently in all scenarios is impracticable. Nonetheless, on an R&D environment involving personnel from distinct backgr...
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... the development is modularised, and the primary system and the decision support module only communicate through the data model, which is well known for both teams. Figure 3 presents the overall idea of the data model. We see that the problem features, repre- sented by the mathematical formulation of the optimisation problem, relate to the XML files in a manner that is intuitive for human beings to understand (grouping-related features in separate files). ...
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... The limited memory access is viewed in a number of works as a performance issue. For example, an API infrastructure for optimization problem data stored in CPU and GPU memories is presented in [14] with results of performance studies for unaligned and aligned data. Other authors propose hardware solutions that can alleviate the "memory wall" problem. ...
This work aims to investigate the impact of memory access limitations in microcontrollers and microprocessors on the performance of software that deals with binary data. The research area covers control systems that process data from the IEC 61131-3 standard using a software-implemented virtual machine. Three methods of memory access are considered, namely byte access, memory copying, and direct pointer. Tests of these methods are performed on several CPUs with ARM architecture (with variants), MIPS, RISC-V, Quark, and others, often used as hardware platforms for control devices. The tests cover 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-byte data sizes, which correspond to the integer types of the IEC 61131-3 standard. By analyzing the results covering both unaligned and aligned data, the goal of this paper is to indicate which of the memory access methods is the most efficient for a particular platform. The research is supplemented with an evaluation of power and memory requirements for a group of STM32 microcontrollers. Therefore, the contribution of this paper rests in indicating the most efficient memory access method for each of more than a dozen CPUs intended for control applications, with consideration of power and memory requirements.
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Firms’ operation requires teamwork. But it is always a challenge for firms to build teams that consist of suitable employees and meet the requirements of projects. Team candidates’ individual capabilities and their abilities in building and maintaining interpersonal relationship are identified as the two key factors affecting team formation. This paper extends previous studies on team formation and proposes a cooperative effect-based team formation model (CE-TFM) for decision-makers in firms to select the most competent and cooperative members. The model aims to build a strong team by selecting the proper members who can help the team improve its performance. Specifically, a genetic algorithm is designed to find solutions for the proposed model. Covering and the positive cooperative effect indicator are applied to describe the interpersonal relationship among team candidates. In addition, the effect aggregation operator is adopted to find solutions for the positive team formation model. Particularly, four methods and the corresponding calculation procedures are provided for solving CE-TFM. Finally, a case study is implemented to test the proposed model. The results indicate that CE-TFM can not only merge decision-making preferences into the process of team formation but also improve team performance.
Information technology (IT) has dramatically changed tourism industry, particularly in facilitating and improving information discovery and dissemination in tourism industry. Prior research has identified the key role that IT plays in the development of tourism industry. However, IT is examined solely, while other factors that drive the development of tourism industry are neglected in these studies. Guided by the new economic growth theory, this paper integrates fixed capital, labor, and IT and further examine how they together affect the development of tourism industry. Based on the cross-sectional tourism data of 2014 in 30 provinces in China, this article runs gray correlation analysis first and then applies a Cobb-Douglas production function model. The results indicate that fixed capital, labor, and IT are all correlated with the total tourism revenue at a certain degree, and that the development of tourism industry replies more on labor and IT than on fixed capital. Labor is the factor that makes the largest contribution to the development of tourism industry.
