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Relaxation training. (a) Take a deep breath with the mouth wide open. (b) Roll the lips back inside the mouth. (c) Close the mouth until the lips touch. (d) Relax the masticatory muscles, tongue, and jaw without letting the teeth touch.
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There are patients who suffer from persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder (PDAP) which is a pain of the teeth, either dentoalveolar pain or nonodontogenic toothache, and its cause has not yet been identified. An effective intervention for PDAP has not yet been established. Interventions for patients with PDAP are generally pharmacological treatment...
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Citations
... Kampo consists of a system of essentially three dichotomies and three substance concepts [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The three dichotomies are: Yin-You (yingyang), Kyo-Jitsu, and Netsu-Kan (translated into English as ''positive-negative'', ''hollow-full'', and ''hot-cold'', respectively). ...
... PDAP is effectively treated by using a unique exercise therapy for the improvement of jaw movement in combination with psychological intervention to reduce parafunctional activities. Kamishoyosan is a Kampo formula used to effectively treat psychological symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, and depression [5]. A prospective study showed that Kamishoyosan improved the pain intensity in 14 out of 15 PDAP patients refractory to the original exercise therapy. ...
Kampo, a branch of traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been the backbone of Japanese medicine for more than 1500 years. The health insurance system in Japan allows patients to access both Western and Kampo medical care at the same time in the same medical institution. Kampo has been used for the treatment of not only acute but also chronic pain in Japan. In this review, we will elaborate on the short history of Kampo, its basic concepts, and use for the treatment of pain.
... The 129 kinds of Kampo medicines can be divided into two groups: those with and without Bupleuri Radix (BR). KSS contains BR and is prescribed for climacteric disorder and orofacial pain [35,36]. In this study, we examined the effects of Hochuekkito (HET), Shoseiryuto (SST), and Goreisan (GRS), as the control of KSS. ...
Excessive triglyceride accumulation in lipid-metabolizing tissues is associated with an increased risk of a variety of metabolic diseases. Kamishoyosan (KSS) is a Kampo composed of 10 constituent herbs, and contains moutan cortex (MC) and paeonol (PN) as the major ingredient of MC. Here, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of KSS on the differentiation of mouse preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cells). KSS inhibited the accumulation of triglycerides in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced to differentiate into adipocytes. We also found that MC and PN were responsible for the anti-adipogenetic effect of KSS and significantly suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins-δ (C/EBP-δ) mRNA 3 days after the induction of differentiation. Thus, PN may contribute to the anti-adipogenetic property of MC in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, PN inhibited dexamethasone (Dex)-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promoter activity. Taken together, these results suggest that PN suppresses C/EBP-δ expression by inhibiting Dex-induced GR promoter activity at the early stage of differentiation and, consequently, delays differentiation into mature adipocytes. Our results suggest that the habitual intake of Kampo-containing PN contributes to the prevention of the onset of metabolic diseases by decreasing the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in lipid-metabolizing tissues.
... Topical benzocaine provided an average pain reduction from 62/100 to 25/100 on a visual analogue scale; however, the benefit was limited in time (47). Kamishoyo-san, a Japanese herbal treatment, was investigated without detailed description of the applied methodology and without a quantitative report of pain reduction (37). A limited sample-size case series and a case report investigated the effect of intraoral injections of ona-botulinumtoxinA in refractory PDAP, reporting significant pain reduction lasting from 2 to 6 months (72,73). ...
Introduction:
Persistent dentoalveolar pain of idiopathic origin represents a diagnostic challenge for the dentist and physician alike. Disagreement on taxonomy and diagnostic criteria presents a significant limit to the advancement of research in the field. Patients struggle with a lack of knowledge by dental and medical professionals, diagnostic delays, and unnecessary treatments.
Methods:
A PubMed search was performed as of January 1, 2017 by using the terms atypical odontalgia, phantom tooth pain, persistent idiopathic facial pain, painful posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy, idiopathic toothache, persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder, nonodontogenic tooth pain, and continuous neuropathic orofacial pain. Three hundred forty-five abstracts were screened, and 128 articles that were pertinent to the topic went through full-text reading.
Results:
Case reports and narrative reviews constitute the majority of available literature. Several retrospective case-control studies investigated the clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and diagnostic processes. Treatment strategies were evaluated in only 7 open-label and 2 randomized controlled trials.
Conclusions:
Persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder is likely neuropathic in origin, but pathophysiological mechanisms to explain the onset and persistence of the pain are still far from understood. A correct diagnosis should be established before treatments are performed. Researchers should reach an agreement on the diagnostic criteria to enable a coherent research path to better understand the condition and reduce patient suffering.
Objective: This systematic review was conducted to the following central question: In adults with chronic or facial pain, which is the efficiency of aerobic physical exercise in reducing pain? Design: Search strategies were developed to electronic database. Results: Four studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. In three transversal studies included it was observed that physical exercise led to an improvement in chronic or ofacial pain, that simple advice is equally as effective as a more intense and comprehensive physiotherapy exercise programme. Conclusion: available evidence on the subject suggests that there is effect of analgesia through aerobic physical exercise in patients with chronic or ofacialpain, however, further studies on the subject should be performed for a quantitative analysis to be performed. Copyright © 2020, Bianca Lopes Cavalcante-Leão et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
