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![Relative wear resistance (= 1/volume loss) versus hardness for metals (the relative wear resistance – H relationships are illustrated using a part of data values reported in [20]; see the reference for details)](publication/356567526/figure/fig1/AS:1127201693011970@1645757234138/Relative-wear-resistance-1-volume-loss-versus-hardness-for-metals-the-relative-wear.png)
Relative wear resistance (= 1/volume loss) versus hardness for metals (the relative wear resistance – H relationships are illustrated using a part of data values reported in [20]; see the reference for details)
Source publication
Although it is known that strain-hardening helps enhance the wear resistance of metallic materials, puzzles or inconsistent phenomena still exist regarding the effect of strain-hardening on the wear resistance. It was reported that strain-hardening showed little or limited benefits to the wear resistance of some carbon steels. Besides, if the strai...
Citations
... In the current century, energy consumption worldwide has risen, especially in developing countries such as China and India [20]. In accordance with the findings of the esteemed International Energy Agency (IEA), the total worldwide energy consumption amounted to approximately 168,233 TW-hours (TWh) during the year 2019. ...
This paper examines the complex relationship between the role of H2, carbon emissions and their impact on global warming and the economy. Despite improvements in energy efficiency, fossil fuel consumption continues to increase. CO2 from industrial activities at high temperatures, such as cement, iron, steel and glass production, have increased rapidly, resulting in an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These emissions accelerate climate change, leading to dangerous consequences such as increasing average atmospheric temperature and decreasing agricultural productivity. To combat this, it is advocated to reduce CO2 emissions by using renewable energy sources such as hydroelectricity, biomass, wind solar energy. Current study also discusses carbon reduction methods, including oxy-fuel combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and post-combustion capture. Despite their unique advantages and disadvantages, these methods play an important role in reducing CO2 emissions from power plants. Additionally, the article highlights the importance of H2 as a cornerstone in the development of synthetic fuels and future energy systems. H2 from renewable sources holds the potential to use carbon-neutral synthetic liquid fuels and revolutionize transportation. Although traditional H2 production methods are associated with emissions, sustainable H2 production techniques can facilitate low-carbon fuel production. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of sustainable energy practices and the role of H2 in reducing carbon emissions, highlighting research efforts to improve production methods, integrate renewable energy, and develop carbon capture technologies for a sustainable future.
