Relative nonlinearity. The negative feedback loop is mediated through the variance of regulating factors. The quantity C j − C * j 2 becomes Var x,t (C j ) when averaged across space and time (see Eq.3 and Eq.6 in Section 3). Increased population density n j increases the magnitude of fluctuations in competition, C j − C * j 2 . These fluctuations may affect the metapopulation growth rate r j either positively or negatively through the coefficient β (2) j

Relative nonlinearity. The negative feedback loop is mediated through the variance of regulating factors. The quantity C j − C * j 2 becomes Var x,t (C j ) when averaged across space and time (see Eq.3 and Eq.6 in Section 3). Increased population density n j increases the magnitude of fluctuations in competition, C j − C * j 2 . These fluctuations may affect the metapopulation growth rate r j either positively or negatively through the coefficient β (2) j

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In this paper, we discuss the conceptual underpinnings of Modern Coexistence Theory (MCT), a quantitative framework for understanding ecological coexistence. In order to use MCT to infer how species are coexisting, one must relate a complex model (which simulates coexistence in the real world) to simple models in which previously proposed explanati...

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