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Relationships between the Q10 temperature coefficient for respiration components and soil moisture (a,c) and N addition level (b,d) as indicated by linear regression. Rs is soil respiration and Rh is heterotrophic respiration.
Source publication
The role of soil microbial variables in shaping the temporal variability of soil respiration has been well acknowledged but is poorly understood, particularly under elevated nitrogen (N) deposition conditions. We measured soil respiration along with soil microbial properties during the early, middle, and late growing seasons in temperate grassland...
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Citations
... Three 10-cmdiameter PVC soil collars (3-5 m apart) were installed in each sampling zone, and SR was measured twice per day (i.e., day and night) at every soil collar, with three replicates at each time in each season (April, July, October, and December). 75 The PVC soil collars were installed as far away as possible from plant roots and litter to avoid the influence of plant autotrophic respiration. ...
In 2016, the Yangtze River Protection Strategy was proposed and a series of measures were applied to restore the health and function of the Yangtze River ecosystem. However, the impact of these measures on the carbon (C) sink capacity of the Yangtze River estuary wetlands has not been exhaustively studied. In this work, the effects of these measures on the C sink capacity of Yangtze River estuary wetlands were examined through the long-term monitoring of C fluxes, soil respiration, plant growth and water quality. The C flux of the Yangtze River estuary wetlands has become increasingly negative after the implementation of these measures, mainly owing to reduction in soil CO2 emission. The decrease in the chemical fertilizer release and returning farmland to wetland had led to the improvement of water quality in the estuary area, which further reduced soil heterotrophic microbial activity, and ultimately decreasing soil CO2 emissions of estuary wetlands.
... Methane is either a product of the decomposition of organic matter (fermentation) or reduction of CO 2 by methanogenic archaea under anaerobic conditions (Conrad, 2020). Irrespectively from the origin, ecosystem gas fluxes are largely modified by physicochemical and biological conditions of underlying soils, such as soil nutrient availability (C, N, P, K, etc.), pH and Redox status (Kuzyakov and Larionova, 2005;Möller, 2015;Li et al., 2016). In addition to the above factors, soil properties for gas diffusion (e.g., texture, which controls pore size, volume and connectivity, partial pressure, concentration gradients, etc.) modify gas fluxes and are therefore critical for modelling and predicting the future GHG balance between atmosphere and ecosystems (Schack-Kirchner et al., 2001;Pingintha et al., 2010;Maier et al., 2017;Maier et al., 2022). ...
Climate-driven shifts in soil temperature and soil moisture are crucial factors that control the ecosystem atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) balance. In the present study, the relationship between CO2, CH4 fluxes and soil moisture content and temperature sensitivity was examined in three dominating types of urban ecosystems: grassland, city park and arable land. The analysis was based on the field measurements at biweekly intervals over a year using a static closed chamber method in Wroclaw urban area, Poland. The observed patterns of land-atmosphere CO2 and CH4 exchange varied across land cover types and were strongly influenced by
seasonal variations in temperature and soil water content. Emission of CO2 from grassland and the city park was two times higher than from the arable land. The calculated CH4 oxidation rate was one and half times higher (p < 0.05) under grassland and the city park as compared to arable land. The estimated Q10 values ranged between 1.68 and 1.79 for CO2 and from 1.26 to 1.49 for CH4, depending on the ecosystem type. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration decreased when the temperature was above 24.5 ◦C across the moisture gradient from 20 to 25 % m/v. Results suggest that despite the urban areas with agricultural land use revealed the lowest CO2 fluxes compared to grassland and city park, the former showed the lowest seasonal mean CH4 oxidation. This indicates that with ongoing warming, the higher Q10 of CO2 production vs. CH4 oxidation will further shift the carbon balance towards the source and this shift will be especially critical for arable lands in urban areas.
... In addition, fertilization can increase the aboveground biomass (LeBauer and Treseder 2008) and the nutrient foliar uptake and produce litter with lower C:N ratio (Vourlitis et al. 2009;Lü et al. 2012), promoting litter decomposition and microbial CO 2 release. Some studies report soil N enrichment promotes microbial mineralization (Contosta et al. 2011;Li et al. 2016), while other studies found negatives or no effects (Fisk and Fahey 2001;Ren et al. 2016;Zhang et al. 2018b;Wang et al. 2019). The effects may depend on the applied dose (Li et al. 2016) and duration of experimental N enrichment. ...
... Some studies report soil N enrichment promotes microbial mineralization (Contosta et al. 2011;Li et al. 2016), while other studies found negatives or no effects (Fisk and Fahey 2001;Ren et al. 2016;Zhang et al. 2018b;Wang et al. 2019). The effects may depend on the applied dose (Li et al. 2016) and duration of experimental N enrichment. Long-term N addition leads to soil acidification, inhibiting soil microbial activity and structural diversity, thereby reducing soil N transformation. ...
... The effect sizes of these treatments found in spring close to 1.1 indicate a large effect according to Cohen (Cohen 1988). The discrepancy of our results with those of other studies may be due to the fact that while N deposition may alleviate soil N limitation, this process is accompanied by a reduction in P availability due to an increase in its demand (Gradowski and Thomas 2006;Cao et al. 2011;Li et al. 2016), possibly restricting the increase of aboveground and belowground productivity and therefore limiting soil respiration. In our study, both macronutrients were added to avoid such limitation due to the low availability of P in the Patagonian steppe. ...
Purpose
Soil respiration and N-mineralization are key processes in C and N cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. Both processes are limited by soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content in arid and cold ecosystems, but how soil nutrient addition interacts with increased precipitation requires further investigation.
Methods
The experiment consisted of 4 treatments: a) control, b) fertilization, applying 100 kg N yr⁻¹ and 75 kg P yr⁻¹, c) irrigation, increasing the average annual rainfall by 20–25%, distributed in 6–8 irrigation events, and d) irrigation+fertilization. We measured soil respiration and N-mineralization throughout seasons.
Results
Increases in annual precipitation had no effects on long-term soil respiration in any season. However, soil nutrient enrichment increased soil respiration by 19% during the plant growing season, and also increased root density by 30–45% throughout the year. The combined N + P and water addition did not increase soil respiration more than the nutrient addition alone. N + P addition had negative impacts on N-mineralization, resulting in N-immobilization. However, soil ammonium and nitrate content increased with N + P addition all over the seasons.
Conclusion
Moderate increases in the total annual precipitation lead to no long-term response of soil processes in Patagonian steppe. However, with higher soil nutrient input, such as with anthropogenic N deposition, soil CO2 effluxes are likely to increase, and microbial biomass could retain more nutrients in the soil. Therefore, high levels of soil N enrichment in arid ecosystems may strengthen the positive feedback between C cycle and climate change if this increment is not compensate by higher carbon capture.
... ). All such effects on soil microbial dynamics feedback to soil respiration indirectly (Guo et al., 2012;Li et al., 2016). ...
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a vast geographic area currently subject to climate warming. Improved knowledge of the CO2 respiration dynamics of the Plateau alpine meadows and of the impact of grazing on CO2 fluxes is highly desirable. Such information will assist land use planning. We measured soil and vegetation CO2 efflux of alpine meadows using a closed chamber technique over diurnal cycles in winter, spring and summer. The annual, combined soil and plant respiration on ungrazed plots was 28.0 t CO2 ha⁻¹ a⁻¹, of which 3.7 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹occurred in winter, when plant respiration was undetectable. This suggests winter respiration was driven mainly by microbial oxidation of soil organic matter. The winter respiration observed in this study was sufficient to offset the growing season CO2 sink reported for similar alpine meadows in other studies. Grazing increased herbage respiration in summer, presumably through stimulation of gross photosynthesis. From limited herbage production data, we estimate the sustainable yield of these meadows for grazing purposes to be about 500 kg herbage dry matter ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. Addition of photosynthesis data and understanding of factors affecting soil carbon sequestration to more precisely determine the CO2 balance of these grasslands is recommended.
... Nitrogen fertiliser might be added to the agriculture environment or urban environment, this might have led to higher TN composition of the ZMS and ZR group [41,48,49]. Moreover, the TOC and TN content would have affected the structure and the function of the soil microbiota, but the cause-effect relationships between the soil microbiota and the soil nutrients need further investigation [9,50,51]. ...
Soil microbiota is associated with plant growth and nutrition. Investigation of plant–soil interaction is essential for revealing the changes of microbial dynamics in the soil. Vegetation types and human activities, such as agriculture, had severely affected soil microbial structure and function. In this study, 16S rRNA were analysed to identify microbial structures in the soil. The total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in these soil samples were also analysed. TOC and TN in these soil samples were different, which might be due to different vegetation types. The main phyla in these soil samples were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Furthermore, the genera in these soil groups were highly diverse, and most of the bacteria could not be assigned to any known genus. This indicated the presence of novel bacterial genera in these soil samples. A fraction of the dominant operational taxonomic units in the soil microbiota was identified, several of which played functional roles in soil nutrition. The linkage between the soil microbiota, especially the dominant species, and soil nutrients was analysed in this study. The culturomics and other omics technologies would help to isolate some novel microorganisms, which might lead to the recovery of functional microbial agents for plant growth.
... It is also well known that soil nutrient availability drives many ecosystem processes, such as C mineralization and N transformations (mineralization and immobilization) which govern N availability (Fisk and (Li et al. 2016) and duration of experimental N enrichment. Long-term N addition leads to soil acidi cation, inhibiting soil microbial activity and structural diversity, thereby reducing soil N transformation. ...
Aims: Soil respiration and N-mineralization are key processes in C and N cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. Both processes are limited by soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content in arid and cold ecosystems, but how nutrient addition interacts with water addition requires further investigation. This study addresses the effects of water and N+P additions on soil respiration and mineralization rates in the Patagonian steppe.
Methods: We measured soil respiration and N-mineralization throughout seasons in control, fertilized, irrigated and irrigated-fertilized plots. We also analyzed root density and soil physico-chemical properties.
Results: The soil CO2 effluxes in the Patagonian steppe were controlled by soil temperature, soil water content and root density. Increases in water addition had no effects on soil respiration, except when combined with N+P addition. However, soil nutrient enrichment without water addition enhanced soil respiration during the plant growing season. We found a linear positive relationship between root density and soil respiration, without interaction with treatments. N+P addition had negative impacts on N-mineralization, resulting in a strong N-immobilization. However, soil ammonium and nitrate content increased with N+P addition all over the seasons.
Conclusion: Moderate increases in the precipitation through small pulses lead to no long-term response of soil processes in arid and cold Patagonian ecosystems. However, soil CO2 effluxes are likely to increase with nutrient additions, such as anthropogenic N deposition, and microbial biomass could retain more nutrients in the soil. Therefore, high levels of N enrichment in arid ecosystems may strengthen the positive feedback between C cycle and climate change.
... Nitrogen content may exert a major control on soil microbial activity (Janssens et al., 2010), indirectly expressed as soil acidification , limitation on substrate sources supply through harm on specific enzymes (Y. Li et al., 2015), and functional changes in the microbial community (Allison et al., 2008). Higher carbon to nitrogen ratio in soil organic matter decreases decomposer carbon use efficiency and often impedes decomposition (Manzoni et al., 2017;H. ...
Soil heterotrophic respiration (SHR) is important for carbon‐climate feedbacks because of its sensitivity to soil carbon, climatic conditions and nutrient availability. However, available global SHR estimates have either a coarse spatial resolution or rely on simple upscaling formulations. To better quantify the global distribution of SHR and its response to climate variability, we produced a new global SHR data set using Random Forest, up‐scaling 455 point data from the Global Soil Respiration Database (SRDB 4.0) with gridded fields of climatic, edaphic and productivity. We estimated a global total SHR of 46.838.656.3 Pg C yr⁻¹ over 1985–2013 with a significant increasing trend of 0.03 Pg C yr⁻². Among the inputs to generate SHR products, the choice of soil moisture datasets contributes more to the difference among SHR ensemble. Water availability dominates SHR inter‐annual variability (IAV) at the global scale; more precisely, temperature strongly controls the SHR IAV in tropical forests, while water availability dominates in extra‐tropical forest and semi‐arid regions. Our machine‐learning SHR ensemble of data‐driven gridded estimates and outputs from process‐based models (TRENDYv6) shows agreement for a strong association between water variability and SHR IAV at the global scale, but ensemble members exhibit different ecosystem‐level SHR IAV controllers. The important role of water availability in driving SHR suggests both a direct effect limiting decomposition and an indirect effect on litter available from productivity. Considering potential uncertainties remaining in our data‐driven SHR datasets, we call for more scientifically designed SHR observation network and deep‐learning methods making maximum use of observation data.
... These authors attributed their results to the increased C input into the soil through litter decomposition and root exudates promoted by the increases in available N, which in turn promotes plant growth and aboveground C accumulation. Li et al. (2015) have also observed that soil microbial respiration was adversely influenced by N addition due to the effect of N availability on soil C storage. It is well acknowledged that microbial activities in agricultural soils are mainly determined by C availability (Chantigny et al., 1999), revealing the importance of the regulatory effects of N fertilization on soil C, which enhance aboveground plant biomass thus suppressing soil microbial biomass. ...
While over-use of N fertilizers can suppress microbial biomass, application of urease inhibitors is known to be a potential way to rebuilt microbial diversity and improve soil functions. However, the hypothesis of this study is that the application of N fertilizers regardless of the source would increase soil microbial biomass and reduce soil respiration. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of enhanced-efficiency N sources on soil microbial biomass, and soil respiration. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design in a 3 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Treatments comprised three sources (conventional uncoated urea, NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide)-treated urea, and polymer-coated urea) and four rates (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) of N, in addition to a control treatment (no fertilizer application). Microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN), and soil respiration (C-CO2 and qCO2) were determined in upland rice rhizosphere in each crop season. Responses of soil microbial properties to N fertilization were dependent on the N rates, but no significant effect of the N sources was observed. All measured parameters, except MBC in the first season and C-CO2 in the second season, were increased with increasing N rates. However, the application of N higher than 60 kg ha-1 suppressed soil microbial biomass, as well as soil respiration. Therefore, the lack of response by added urease inhibitors to the N sources indicate that optimizing N rates for upland rice production is a far more effective option for improving soil microbial community than using enhanced-efficiency N sources.
... The addition of N reduced the temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) of the decomposition of SOC in the DSH topsoil, but did not affect it in the GM soil. A decrease in the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition with increased N availability has previously been shown for tropical rainforest soil (Mo et al., 2008), grassland (Li et al., 2015), and an N-poor larch plantation (Sun et al., 2014). However, this response of microorganisms is not universal, and several studies have shown an increase in the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition under N fertilization in forest soils (Coucheney et al., 2013;Liu et al., 2016) and in the soils of wetlands (Jin et al., 2010) and meadows (Lin et al., 2015;Guo et al., 2017). ...
Alpine tundra ecosystems exhibit one of the most limited availabilities of nitrogen. Furthermore, climate change may potentially stimulate not only soil organic matter decomposition, but also N mineralization; therefore, a better understanding of the response of microorganisms to increasing N availability is crucial for evaluating soil C cycling under warmer climate scenarios. In this study, we suggested that the degree of N limitation of microbial activity in the surface and subsurface soil horizons of a N-poor dwarf-shrub heath (DSH) and an N-rich graminoid meadow (GM) during a single active growing season. We conducted three series of laboratory incubations under natural (+10 °C) and high (+20 °C) temperatures with soil samples collected at the beginning, peak, and end of the growing season to examine the effects of rising temperature and intra-seasonal variations on the N limitation of microbial activity. We measured the contents of microbial C and N, microbial respiration, and the potential activity of peroxidase and β-1.4-glucosidase (enzymes that play a key role in the SOM turnover processes). It was found that the N limitation of microorganism activity could be dynamic and demonstrate temporal (depending on the season) and spatial (depending on the soil horizon) variations. The results disputed the universality of previous conclusions about the high degree of N limitation of microorganisms in alpine tundra soils, thereby suggesting that N is not always a limiting factor for microbial activity, even in the N-poor DSH. We found that warming could increase the N limitation of microorganisms, even in the N-rich GM soil, thereby limiting the effect of warming on the mineralization of soil organic matter. These data demonstrate the importance of further understanding the internal feedback mechanisms that control soil organic matter mineralization and microbial activity for accurately predicting the effects of global climate change in the Arctic.
... When the interactions between SMR and variables are examined, it was seen that ST has a strong effect on SMR in the An plot, while the presence of nutrients (N, Na, K and P) in the Ab and Ac plots were effective on SMR. As the results demonstrated in many studies, the microbial respiration is related to available nutrients (Cheng et al., 2013;Li et al., 2015;Spohn, 2015;Wang et al., 2018) and microbial biomass (Mariani et al., 2006;Bolat et al., 2015;Qu et al., 2018). Likewise, Spohn (2015) found that respiration have linear correlation with soil temperature. ...
Microbial activity is one of the important processes for biochemical cycles in soil and forest floor of ecosystems.
Because, some of the carbon dioxide and nutrients needed by plants are released during the microbial activity. In this study, the relationships between environmental factors (moisture, temperature, pH, electric conductivity, C, N, Na, Ca, Mg, K, P) and seasonal variations of microbial respiration, microbial biomass-C and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in the forest floor and soil (0-5cm) under three adjacent fir plantation plots (Abies nordmanniana ssp.
bornmuelleriana Mattf. (Ab), Abies cilicica Carr. (Ac) and Abies nordmanniana ssp. nordmanniana Mattf (An)) are investigated in Atatürk Arboretum, located in Istanbul-Turkey. A bimonthly sampling (from May-2012 to March-2013) was carried out by collecting 54 samples for each soil and forest floor samples within each species.
According to the results, soil microbial respiration (SMR) has a significantly lower value in Ab plot. Although SMR and soil microbial biomass-C (SMBC) were correlated with moisture and temperature in An plot, they were correlated with nutrients in the other plots. In general, an increase in soil respiration rates was observed in autumn
and early spring. Forest floor microbial respiration (FFMR), microbial biomass-C (FFMBC) and metabolic quotent (qCO2) did not differ among the plots. The measured FFMR, FFMBC and qCO2 parameters were lower in autumn than spring. Forest floor microbial parameters were thought to be drived by the variation of nutrients quantities.
As a result, the microbial processes in both soil and forest floor were changed with the effect of different factors, although there was no clear difference among the plots.
