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Poplar plantations are an important resource in China, which possess significant potential to offset carbon (C) emissions through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) within biomass and soil. The traditional rotation age of poplar plantations is determined by maximizing the economic return from timber production. However, the optim...
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... biomass increased with stand age ( Figure 5), and the concentrations of several soil nutrients and the SMB of the top 40 cm of soil were altered with stand age (Table 3). Soil C sequestration was positively correlated with poplar biomass, soil N and SMB and negatively correlated with K, Ca, Mg and Na ( Figure 6), but not with soil P or S. ...
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Soil stability, yield decline and higher carbon decomposition are the key issues in intensive agriculture. Long-term integrated nutrient management (INM) influences carbon (C) dynamics and maintains the soil aggregate stability, which driven by the type of cropping system and climatic zone. Therefore, the specific effects of rice-wheat-jute croppin...
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... Of course, in the case of poplars in cities, their cultivation and maintenance is necessary. Considering diverse research findings to ensure the optimal growth and sustainability of poplars in urban settings while minimizing risks, effective maintenance practices such as pruning, soil amendment, and irrigation are crucial [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]. Challenges such as insect pests and heavy metal accumulation in poplar trees require the careful management and selection of clones, especially when monoculture plantations are planned to be introduced [63,[79][80][81][82]. ...
Urban environments face escalating challenges due to uncontrolled urbanization, rapid population growth, and climate changes, prompting the exploration of sustainable solutions for enhancing urban green spaces (UGSs). For this reason, poplars (Populus L.), due to their rapid growth, wide range adaptability to environmental conditions and versatility of use, have emerged as very promising. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge regarding poplar’s application in urban landscapes, emphasizing its multifaceted contributions and benefits. However, challenges arise from the variable lifespans of different poplar cultivars, necessitating strategic management approaches. Selecting cultivars based on growth rates, root system characteristics, and adaptability to urban conditions is pivotal. Adaptive replanting strategies, incorporating species with varying lifespans, offer solutions to maintain continual greenery in urban landscapes. Collaborative efforts between researchers, urban planners, and policymakers are essential for devising comprehensive strategies that maximize benefits while addressing challenges associated with their variable lifespans. In conclusion, harnessing poplar’s potential in urban greenery initiatives requires a balanced approach that capitalizes on their benefits while mitigating challenges. Further research and adaptive strategies are crucial for sustained and effective utilization to create resilient and vibrant urban landscapes.
... Poplar trees enhance the urban thermal environment through transpiration, stimulating urban "cold islands" [99][100][101][102][103][104] Of course, also in the case of poplars in cities, their cultivation and maintenance is necessary. Considering diverse research findings to ensure optimal growth and sustainability of poplars in urban settings while minimizing risks, effective maintenance practices such as pruning, soil amendment, and irrigation are crucial [105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112]. The challenges such as insect pests and heavy metal accumulation in poplar require careful management and selection of clones, especially when monoculture plantations are planned to be introduced [42,43, [113][114][115]. ...
Urban environments face escalating challenges, e.g. due to uncontrolled urbanization, rapid population growth or climate changes, prompting the exploration of sustainable solutions for enhancing urban green spaces (UGS). For this reason, poplars (Populus L.), due to their rapid growth, wide range adaptability to environmental conditions and versatility of use, would have emerged as very promising. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge regarding poplar's application in urban landscapes, emphasizing its multifaceted contributions and benefits. However, challenges arise from the variable lifespans of different poplar cultivars, necessitating strategic management approaches. Selecting cultivars based on growth rates, root system characteristics, and adaptability to urban conditions is pivotal. Adaptive replanting strategies, incorporating species with varying lifespans, offer solutions to maintain continual greenery in urban landscapes. Collaborative efforts between researchers, urban planners, and policymakers are essential for devising comprehensive strategies that maximize benefits while addressing challenges associated with their variable lifespans. In conclusion, harnessing poplar's potential in urban greenery initiatives requires a balanced approach that capitalizes on their benefits while mitigating challenges. Further research and adaptive strategies are crucial for sustained and effective utilization in creating resilient and vibrant urban landscapes.
... However, SOC concentration of the soil is highly controlled by the land use pattern, management activities (Pizzeghello et al. 2017). In addition to that, in plantation ecosystem fresh organic matter input through litter varies with the age of the plantation (Wang et al. 2016), which leads to the higher concentration of SOC under higher aged plantations than that of under younger age (Kalita et al. 2016). Therefore, in the present study a significant positive trend of SOC concentration with age of the plantation has been observed for 0-20 cm (F-value=63.14, ...
... However, SOC concentration of the soil is highly controlled by the land use pattern, management activities (Pizzeghello et al. 2017). In addition to that, in plantation ecosystem fresh organic matter input through litter varies with the age of the plantation (Wang et al. 2016), which leads to the higher concentration of SOC under higher aged plantations than that of under younger age (Kalita et al. 2016). Therefore, in the present study a significant positive trend of SOC concentration with age of the plantation has been observed for 0-20 cm (F-value=63.14, ...
The recent proliferation of books and publications in the vertical of Natural Resources and
Sustainable Development leaves a gap between theoretical perceptions and ground reality. It has
been observed that the teaching of the subject in the classroom is done in a very classical way for
the undergraduate and graduate students, which are primarily theory-based. However, the subject
is a part of nature, and every aspect and dots of nature must be joined with strings of reality so
that the subject is injected into the system of the readers. This can only bring and generate
awareness and care for the natural resources surrounding us. The present book series has initiated
this task by depicting some ground zero observations in the form of research papers/articles
contributed by authors of multiple disciplines. The book has emphasized the dynamicity of
populations and ecosystems while focusing on the organism as the basic unit of a biological
community. The concept of biodiversity and the ecosystem services of the biotic community has
been highlighted in detail. However, the recent trends of urbanization and industrialization have
scratched the matrix of biodiversity with the cruel clutches of population explosion, pollution,
overexploitation of natural resources, and human-induced climate change, which have also been
addressed in this book with suggestive management policies. The editors have similar feelings
with the statement of Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) “….Prudent men should judge of future
events by what has taken place in the past, and what is taking place in the present….”, and hence
we the editors strongly go by the statement that “……sustainable development of natural
resources needs to be understood from multidisciplinary nuances covering basic science,
technology, law and policies and that the development of the present time must not be achieved
at the expense of tomorrow’s betterment…..”
... However, SOC concentration of the soil is highly controlled by the land use pattern, management activities (Pizzeghello et al. 2017). In addition to that, in plantation ecosystem fresh organic matter input through litter varies with the age of the plantation (Wang et al. 2016), which leads to the higher concentration of SOC under higher aged plantations than that of under younger age (Kalita et al. 2016). Therefore, in the present study a significant positive trend of SOC concentration with age of the plantation has been observed for 0-20 cm (F-value=63.14, ...
... However, SOC concentration of the soil is highly controlled by the land use pattern, management activities (Pizzeghello et al. 2017). In addition to that, in plantation ecosystem fresh organic matter input through litter varies with the age of the plantation (Wang et al. 2016), which leads to the higher concentration of SOC under higher aged plantations than that of under younger age (Kalita et al. 2016). Therefore, in the present study a significant positive trend of SOC concentration with age of the plantation has been observed for 0-20 cm (F-value=63.14, ...
Editor - ABHIJIT MITRA - A book on Natural Resources.pdf
The recent proliferation of books and publications in the vertical of Natural Resources and
Sustainable Development leaves a gap between theoretical perceptions and ground reality. It has
been observed that the teaching of the subject in the classroom is done in a very classical way for
the undergraduate and graduate students, which are primarily theory-based. However, the subject
is a part of nature, and every aspect and dots of nature must be joined with strings of reality so
that the subject is injected into the system of the readers. This can only bring and generate
awareness and care for the natural resources surrounding us. The present book series has initiated
this task by depicting some ground zero observations in the form of research papers/articles
contributed by authors of multiple disciplines. The book has emphasized the dynamicity of
populations and ecosystems while focusing on the organism as the basic unit of a biological
community. The concept of biodiversity and the ecosystem services of the biotic community has
been highlighted in detail. However, the recent trends of urbanization and industrialization have
scratched the matrix of biodiversity with the cruel clutches of population explosion, pollution,
overexploitation of natural resources, and human-induced climate change, which have also been
addressed in this book with suggestive management policies. The editors have similar feelings
with the statement of Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) “….Prudent men should judge of future
events by what has taken place in the past, and what is taking place in the present….”, and hence
we the editors strongly go by the statement that “……sustainable development of natural
resources needs to be understood from multidisciplinary nuances covering basic science,
technology, law and policies and that the development of the present time must not be achieved
at the expense of tomorrow’s betterment…..”
... China has the largest area of poplar (Populus) plantation (more than 7 × 10 4 km 2 ) in the world, concentrated in a vast area along the coast [35,36]. The rapidly growing poplars have multiple commercial uses and can also be used to fix carbon dioxide to combat global climate change [37]. Previous research conducted in a costal agroecosystem illustrated that total SOC in topsoil increased by about 14% under the treatment of reduced tilliage with green manure when compared to the no-tillage treatment [38]. ...
Soil biodiversity and fuction have been altered by the increasing levels of nitrogen as a result of fertilization and atmospheric deposition. Although soil microarthropods are a crucial component of soil biodiversity and play a key role in a diverse range of soil functions, our understanding of the mechanisms by which N addition affects them remains limited. Using a long-term nitrogen addition experiment (2012–2016) in poplar plantations (Populus deltoides L. CL‘35′) located along the coast of Yellow Sea Forest Park in northern Jiangsu, eastern China (32°52′ N and 120°49′ E), where the soil was entisols, we examined the response of soil microarthropods across three soil depths (0–15 cm, 15–25 cm, 25–40 cm) to five N input levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 30 g N m−2 year−1) over four seasons. We found that the number of microarthropods per unit area initially grew and then dropped as more nitrogen was added to soils. Soil organic carbon (positive correlation, R2 = 0.53) and pH (negative correlation, R2 = 0.19) were the two dominant factors driving the effects of nitrogen addition on soil microarthropod densities at all soil depths. These results suggest that nitrogen input enhances the density of soil microarthropods via the increase in fresh organic matter input. However, the increase in organic matter may be offset by an indirect increase in acidity under high levels of N addition, providing one possible explanation for the reduced density of microarthropods in heavily fertilized soils.71
... plantation return the C from the forest biomass to the soil after 10 years of management. Wang et al. (2016) also reported the soil C concentration and sequestration rates of poplar plantation significantly increased with stand age in a coastal region. In our findings, the soil C storage of poplar plantations ranged from 138.1 to 164.3 Mg C·ha À1 , accounting for approximately 75% of the total forest C storage. ...
The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of two densities (278 stems·ha⁻¹ with two spacings of 6 m × 6 m or 4.5 m × 8 m, 400 stems·ha⁻¹ with two spacings of 5 m × 5 m or 3 m × 8 m) and three poplar clones (NL95, NL895, and NL797) on productivity and carbon (C) sequestration of poplar ecosystems. The results showed that planting density significantly affected the biomass of a single tree. The mean tree biomass of clone NL95 was higher in all spacings than that of the other clones, with a significant difference for the 6 m × 6 m spacing. The biomass of poplar trees ranged from 78.9 to 110.3 Mg·ha⁻¹, with the highest tree biomass observed in the square configuration. Soil C concentration (0–100 cm) increased after 12 years of management. Soil C storage ranged from 138.1 to 164.3 Mg C·ha⁻¹, and the highest soil C storage was in the NL797 poplar plantation with 6 m × 6 m spacing. Our results suggested that clones NL95 and NL797 should be chosen for planting, with a planting density of 278 stems·ha⁻¹ and spacing of 6 m × 6 m.
... However, the impact of shorter rotations (<7 years) must be further investigated since it might have negative implications on timber supply and economic returns. Additionally, in a context where forests are one of the most important carbon sinks to mitigate climate change, a substantial reduction in the optimal harvest age may impact their C sequestration capacity [42,43]. Hence, it is essential to monitor and accurately predict and quantify changes of C stocks with the assistance of local models [44] and remote sensing technologies [38]. ...
Quantifying the impact of carbon (C) and timber prices on harvest scheduling and economic returns is essential to define strategies for the sustainable management of short-rotation plantations so that they can provide timber products and contribute to C sequestration. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear programming model that optimizes harvest scheduling at the forest level, C sequestration, and Net Present Value (NPV) over a planning period of up to 15 years. The model included revenue from the sale of timber (pulplogs) and credits from the net C sequestered during the life of the stands. In addition, plantation establishment, management, harvesting, and transportation
costs were included in the analysis. The study area comprised 88 Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill and Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden stands located in Uruguay, totaling a forest area of nearly 1,882 ha. The study investigated the impact of C and timber prices on NPV, harvest schedules, stands’ harvest age, timber flows to customers, and C sequestered per period. The maximum NPV among all the scenarios evaluated (USD 7.53 M) was calculated for a C price of 30 USD t-1, an interest rate of 6%, and a timber price of 75 USD m-3. This was USD 2.14 M higher than the scenario with the same parameters but that included only revenue from timber. C prices also impacted stands’ harvest age, C sequestration, and timber flows delivered to end customers. On average, in scenarios that included C prices, timber flows and C sequestration increased by 15.4 and 12.1%, respectively, when C price increased from 5 to 30 USD t-1. These results demonstrate that harvest scheduling, harvest age, and NPV are very sensitive to C and timber, and that the best economic returns are obtained when the stands are managed to maximize timber production and C sequestration.
... Soil samples were collected from the 0-10, 10-25, and 25-40 cm soil layers using a soil coring with a diameter of 4 cm. Different layers represent organic horizon (O horizon, 0-10 cm), eluvial horizon (A horizon, 10-25 cm), and deposition horizon (B horizon, 25-40 cm), respectively [48,49]. In June 2016, four soil cores were collected from each 25 × 30 m subplot and pooled together as a replicate sample. ...
Soil fauna is critical for maintaining ecosystem functioning, and its community could be significantly impacted by nitrogen (N) deposition. However, our knowledge of how soil-faunal community composition responds to N addition is still limited. In this study, we simulated N deposition (0, 50, 100, 150, and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) to explore the effects of N addition on the total and the phytophagous soil fauna along the soil profile (0–10, 10–25, and 25–40 cm) in poplar plantations (Populus deltoids) on the east coast of China. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was dissolved in water and sprayed evenly under the canopy with a backpack sprayer to simulate N deposition. Our results showed that N addition either significantly increased or decreased the density (D) of both the total and the phytophagous soil fauna (Dtotal and Dp) at low or high N addition rates, respectively, indicating the existence of threshold effects over the range of N addition. However, N addition had no significant impacts on the number of groups (G) and diversity (H) of either the total or the phytophagous soil fauna (Gtotal, Gp and Htotal, Hp). With increasing soil depth, Dtotal, Dp, Gtotal, and Gp largely decreased, showing that the soil fauna have a propensity to aggregate at the soil surface. Htotal and Hp did not significantly vary along the soil profile. Importantly, the threshold effects of N addition on Dtotal and Dp increased from 50 and 100 to 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 along the soil profile. Fine root biomass was the dominant factor mediating variations in Dtotal and Dp. Our results suggested that N addition may drive changes in soil-faunal community composition by altering belowground food resources in poplar plantations.
