Figure - uploaded by Matthew J. Hickman
Content may be subject to copyright.
Rejection rates for selected FBI States, 1999-2004
Source publication
Similar publications
Background:
Creating a custom prosthetic device is challenging. The requirements of the patient's life must be taken into consideration when manufacturing the device. After having met the requirements for an autonomous daily life, adjustments can be made for recreational activities.
Subject and methods:
A 67-year-old patient with an above-elbow...
Experience is positively related to performance, but it is less clear whether experience might also minimise the deleterious effects of anxiety and arousal in stressful situations. One hundred and twenty-seven UK firearms officers of different experience levels participated in an experiment examining the extent to which anxiety affects performance...
Objectives
To estimate the effects of race and ethnicity on suspect injuries during use of force encounters with police in Tucson, Arizona.
Methods
Data on all use of force cases recorded by the Tucson Police Department from January 2018 to March 2020 were analysed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of race and ethnicity on the...
Citations
... Aside from this gun show and private sale loophole, the legislation was called a success by some policymakers with about 233 million firearm applications subject to background checks and 3.5 million denied (1.5%) since the legislation was passed in 1994 to 2017 (Brooks, 2021). Supporters, on the one hand, argued that the legislation is associated with a decrease in gun violence because would-be offenders were not able to purchase firearms. ...
Over the last decade, high-profile mass shootings in the United States have brought gun policies back to the front of the public policy debate. While public members remain divided on a number of gun policies, background checks and licensing policies have drawn bipartisan support despite the limited research of their effects on crime reduction. This study examines the impact of background checks and licensing policies following the passage of the 2014 Massachusetts gun legislation on violent crimes in counties from 2006 to 2016. Using population-averaged negative binomial regression models with fixed effects and robust standard errors, the findings show mixed effects of the background checks and licensing process on different categories of violent crimes. While the analysis suggests that the state’s background checks and licensing policies have a negative effect on rape, the models for robbery indicate a positive effect while controlling for other variables. The mixed findings suggest that there are opportunities for other states to reduce violent crimes by adopting similar background check and licensing policies.
... It further reveals that a higher proportion of offenders of DVAW are other family members (Crime Survey for England and Wales 2019) reported in (Peraica et al., 2020). In the same coin, statement No. 239 of the WHO entitled as "violence against women" has highlighted the prevalence of the share of DVAW among different regions of the world as, 20 percent for developed countries, 20 percent for Latin America, while majority(70%) for undeveloped countries (Razaghi, Ramezani, Tabatabaei Nejad, & Parvizy, 2013).Furthermore in U.S it has been found that 38.5 % of wives become victim of domestic violence, resulting in their death by their own husbands (Bowling et al., 2010). One out of every three women has faced IPV throughout their lifetime (Breiding, 2014), and 1.3 million women are physically beaten by their life partner annually in the United States (Monahan, Bannon & Damso, Connor, 2020;Tjaden &Thoennes, 2000). ...
Background: The present study "determinants of DVAW" was conducted in Dir (L) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. According to United Nations Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women, DVAW is not limited to the physical, sexual or psychological violence only rather it includes intimate partner violence IPV, partner sexual abuse, dowry related violence, marital rape, and sexual harassment at domestic work place. Methods: The researchers used quantitative research approach/design. Data was collected through non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The researchers used an interview schedule for data collection. The data was collected from 384 female respondents in the study area. The collected data was analyzed by application of descriptive and Chi-square statistical tests. 5800 | Sameer Ul Khaliqjan Determinants Of Domestic Violence Against Women In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Results: The findings of the study highlighted a significant (P = 000) (P<0.05) between DVAW and the risk factors RF i.e. low education of women and their intimate partner IPV, financial dependency, women subordinate position, confinement to domestic sphere, dowry related violence and exchange marriage. Conclusion and Recommendations: The present study suggests that government should review the existing laws related to women protection and its implementation in true letter and spirit. Besides, the government and concern stakeholders should to develop a prevention and protection mechanism to reduce DVAW while civil societies to support government and to create awareness in masses related to DVAW and their consequences on intimate partner relationship as well as children personality development.
Denial of handgun purchases by prohibited people and knowledge of the structure of gun commerce have helped to deter and prevent firearm violence. The authors hypothesize that handguns involved in a denied purchase would more closely resemble those used in crime compared with handguns sold.
Cross sectional.
Denied and completed handgun sales in California, 1998-2000.
Handgun and purchaser characteristics of denied and completed sales were compared. In particular, handgun characteristics most closely associated with crime guns (type, caliber, barrel length, price) were examined.
Compared with handguns sold, handguns in denied sales were somewhat more likely to be semiautomatic pistols (74.6% v 69.4%), to have short barrels (25.9% v 22.2%), and be of medium caliber (48.9% v 37.3%). Ten percent of the handguns in denied sales and 3.4% of handguns sold were identified as inexpensive.
The characteristics of denied handguns are similar to those seen among crime guns. Both groups of guns may reflect the desirability for criminal purposes of pistols, which have larger ammunition capacities than other handguns, and short barrels, which increase their ability to be concealed.
To determine the retailer and community level factors associated with frequent and disproportionate sales of handguns that are later used in violent and firearm related crimes (VFC handguns).
Cross sectional. The authors used California records to identify all handguns sold by study subjects during 1996-2000 and federal gun tracing records to determine which of these guns had been recovered by a police agency in the US or elsewhere and traced by 30 September 2003.
The 421 licensed gun retailers in California selling at least 100 handguns annually during 1996-2000.
The number of VFC handguns per 1000 gun years of exposure. Differences are expressed as incidence rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Subjects accounted for 11.7% of California retailers with handgun sales, 81.5% of handgun sales, and 85.5% of VFC handguns. Among subjects, the 3426 VFC handguns accounted for 48.0% of all traced handguns and 65.0% of those linked to a specified crime. The median VFC handgun trace rate was 0.5/1000 gun years (range 0-8.8). In multivariate analysis, this rate increased substantially for each single-point increase in the percentage of proposed sales that were denied because the purchasers were prohibited from owning guns (RR 1.43; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.56), and was increased for pawnbrokers (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.55). Community level crime rates and sociodemographics had little predictive value.
Risk factors, largely determined at the retailer level, exist for frequent and disproportionate sales of handguns that are later used in violent and firearm related crimes. Screening to identify high risk retailers could be undertaken with data that are already available.
To describe gun shows and assess the impact of increased regulation on characteristics linked to their importance as sources of guns used in crime.
Cross-sectional, observational.
Data were collected at a structured sample of 28 gun shows in California, which regulates these events and prohibits undocumented private party gun sales; and in Arizona, Nevada, Texas and Florida-all leading sources of California's crime guns--where these restrictions do not exist.
Size of shows, measured by numbers of gun vendors and people in attendance; number and nature of guns for sale by gun vendors; measures of private party gun sales and illegal surrogate ("straw") gun purchases.
Shows in comparison states were larger, but the number of attendees per gun vendor was higher in California. None of these differences was statistically significant. Armed attendees were more common in other states (median 5.7%, interquartile range (IQR) 3.9-10.0%) than in California (median 1.1%, IQR 0.5-2.2%), p = 0.0007. Thirty percent of gun vendors both in California and elsewhere were identifiable as licensed firearm retailers. There were few differences in the types or numbers of guns offered for sale; vendors elsewhere were more likely to sell assault weapons (34.9% and 13.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). Straw purchases were more common in the comparison states (rate ratio 6.6 (95% CI 0.9 to 49.1), p = 0.06).
California's regulatory policies were associated with a decreased incidence of anonymous, undocumented gun sales and illegal straw purchases at gun shows. No significant adverse effects of these policies were observed.
