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... order to study the influence of different tissue characteristics on our proposed on-body antenna, we used three typical body tissues listed in Table II to simulate the reflection coefficients. Figure 6 shows the corresponding S 11 results for muscle, fat, skin, as well as the measured one for comparison. Compared to that of muscle and skin (high water content with higher permittivity), a better resonance is achieved at the second resonant frequency around 70 MHz for low water content tissue of fat. ...
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... Numerous research papers delve into the multifaceted domain of helical antennas, presenting inventive designs and applications across a spectrum of fields [3,9,10,18,19,20]. For instance, an innovative dual-band patch antenna combines an FSS reflector to enhance radiation characteristics, resulting in notable improvements in both gain and bandwidth [10]. ...
A helix antenna serves as an electromagnetic emitter that transmits signals in the shape of a coiled thread. It possesses two primary operational modes: normal and axial. In the axial mode, radiation peaks along the helix's axis, creating a near-circular concentration of electromagnetic waves. This paper delves into the intricacies of designing a spiral antenna optimized for operation at a 3 GHz reverberative frequency. It exhibits indirect polarization and is ideally suited for wireless communications, facilitating the transmission and reception of VHF waves, especially for ionospheric propagation. The versatility of this antenna extends to various applications, including radio astronomy, space telemetry, satellites, and space-based communication systems. The proposed antenna design showcases a directional radiation pattern with a notable gain of 13.8 dB. Future research will explore its adaptability for deployment in aquatic environments, expanding its utility in scenarios that demand reliable wireless connectivity beneath the surface. This innovation holds great promise for enhancing communication capabilities across a range of fields and environments.
