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The aim of this study was the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) employing vitamin C as a biocompatible and low toxic reducing agent. The synthesized selenium nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-vis, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential measurements. The results of the DPPH free radical scavenging assay demonstrate that th...
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... system was gently stirred at room temperature for 24 h to prepare SeNPs. Ascorbic acid was employed as a biocompatible and low toxic reducing agent. After the addition of ascorbic acid, the color of this mixture immediately turned from colorless to yellowish-orange, and at the end of 24 h, the color changed to reddish-orange ('brick' red color) (Fig. 1). Then, the product was centrifuged for 15 min at 8000 rpm, the residue was removed by several times rinsing with deionized water, collected particles were overnight dried in a vacuum. Dried particles were stored in air-tight bags for subsequent ...
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... evaluate the binding strength and the binding mode between ct-DNA with Nano-selenium during their interaction, UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy was used (Fig. 10A). The UV absorption spectra of Nano-selenium without and with successive increments of different concentrations of ct-DNA in the TrisÀHCl buffer (pH = 7.40) were noted. It is evident from Fig. 10A that the UV-vis absorbance intensity of nano-selenium gradually decreases with increments of different concentrations of ct-DNA (hypochromic ...
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... evaluate the binding strength and the binding mode between ct-DNA with Nano-selenium during their interaction, UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy was used (Fig. 10A). The UV absorption spectra of Nano-selenium without and with successive increments of different concentrations of ct-DNA in the TrisÀHCl buffer (pH = 7.40) were noted. It is evident from Fig. 10A that the UV-vis absorbance intensity of nano-selenium gradually decreases with increments of different concentrations of ct-DNA (hypochromic effect) without any shift in the absorption maxima of ct-DNANano-selenium complexes. This phenomenon originated from the intercalative mode of binding of the Nano-selenium with stacked base pair ...
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... Wolfe-Shimmer equation e a is the received extinction coefficient of absorption signal at different concentrations of ct-DNA, e b the extinction coefficient of nano-selenium when fully bound to ct-DNA, and e f is the extinction coefficient of free nanoselenium. Fig. 10B shows the plot of [DNA] / (e a -e f ) against [DNA]. The (slope / intercept) of this plot was used to find the intrinsic binding constant (K b ). The obtained value of K b for Nano-seleniumct-DNA is 2.50 Â 10 3 M À1 , which is smaller than the corresponding value for classical intercalator ethidium bromide (EB) [41], ...
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... the binding mode of Nanoselenium to ct-DNA. The Nano-selenium solution in Tris-buffer emits luminescence with the maximum at around 424 nm when excited at 290 nm (approximately near to maximum absorption). Thus, we noted the emission spectra of Nano-selenium in the presence of various concentrations of ct-DNA at 288.15, 298.15, and 310.15 K (Fig. 11). The emission intensity of nano-selenium is increased steadily with increments of different concentrations of ct-DNA (hyperchromic effect) along with a spectral change (slight blue shift). This effect confirms that Nano-selenium can interact with ct-DNA base pairs and the quantum efficiency of Nanoselenium was increased [42]. Also, the ...
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... dynamic enhancement constant, [E] is the concentration of the enhancer, [ct-DNA], t o is the lifetime of the nano-selenium without ct-DNA, like to a bimolecular quenching constant, K B is the bimolecular enhancement constant which is computed from [43]. F and F 0 are the intensities of Nano-selenium emission with and without ct-DNA, respectively. Fig. 12A fluorescence enhancement is static [44]. In other words, a static process involves complex formation in the ground ...
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... Binding sites and binding constants. In order to deliberate the binding stoichiometry (n) and binding constant (K f ) during complex formation between nano-selenium and ct-DNA in the ground state, the Scatchard curve (log [(F 0 À F)/F] vs. log [DNA]) was used, which was plotted based on Eq. (7) (Fig. 12B): Table 1 demonstrates the values of n and K f at 288.15, 298.15, and 310.15 K, which are obtained from the slope and intercept of Eq. (7). The obtained values of n approximated to 1, indicating that a 1:1 adduct was formed between ct-DNA and nano-selenium. The values of K f increased on elevating the temperature, suggesting that the ...
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... 310.15 K, which are obtained from the slope and intercept of Eq. (7). The obtained values of n approximated to 1, indicating that a 1:1 adduct was formed between ct-DNA and nano-selenium. The values of K f increased on elevating the temperature, suggesting that the affinity of nano-selenium to ct-DNA enhanced on increasing the temperature [45] (Fig. ...
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... 33,258. Dye displacement assays were employed based on fluorescence emission. To scrutinize the nano-selenium mode of binding to double-helical ct-DNA, EB, AO, and Hoechst 33,258 as probes were used. The intensity of probes-ct-DNA complex emission was recorded with increments of different concentrations of nano-selenium. It is evident from Figs. 13A, B, and C that the intensity of probes-ct-DNA emission was changed after the addition of nano-selenium. AO and EB are fluorescence probes that intercalate to double-stranded of ct-DNA due to their planner structure [48]. A remarkable decrease in the emission intensity of the AO-ct-DNA and EB-ct-DNA system is observed on increasing the ...
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... of probes-ct-DNA emission was changed after the addition of nano-selenium. AO and EB are fluorescence probes that intercalate to double-stranded of ct-DNA due to their planner structure [48]. A remarkable decrease in the emission intensity of the AO-ct-DNA and EB-ct-DNA system is observed on increasing the concentration of nano-selenium ( Fig. 13A and B). Therefore, it can be concluded that nano-selenium was intercalated to the double-stranded helix of ct-DNA and avoided AO and EB binding and compete with AO and EB for the intercalation sites in DNA helix, therefore AO and EB were released into the solution (emission quenching). It can be suggested that the mode of nano-selenium-ct-DNA ...
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... interactions and testify the experimental results is docking simulation. In this study, the proper bonding site of ct-DNA on the interaction with SeNPs was investigated and the energetically most favorable conformation of the docked pose structure was received employing implemented Lamarckian genetic algorithm for 20 runs. As can be seen in Fig. 14 ...
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... Ultraviolet-visible absorption technique was used to distinguish the structural changes of human serum albumin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c on their interactions with nanoselenium. Fig. 15A, B, and C demonstrate the UV-vis spectra of HSA, HHb, and Cyt c without and with various concentrations of nanoselenium. There are three characteristic absorption signals in the UV-vis spectrum of human hemoglobin at 210, 273, and 406 nm, which reflecting the protein framework conformation and concurrently to the peptide bond, the ...
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... of the phenyl group of aromatic amino acids, like tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr) or phenylalanine (Phe), and the porphyrin Soret band of heme located in HHb (transition of p→p* of hematoporphyrin in HHb which provides the information on the conformational integrity of the heme group region of heme protein), respectively [50]. It is evident from Fig. 15B that the intensity of HHb absorption spectra decreased (hypochromic effect) when nano-selenium is added to HHb solution without a shift in the position of characteristic peaks. The results suggest that a ground state complex was formed between nano-selenium and HHb on the interaction in an aqueous medium without any changes in the ...
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... can be seen in Fig. 15C, the UV-vis absorption of the peptide bond and aromatic amino acids of Cyt c undergo a severe hypochromism, and hyperchromism, respectively, which reveals the ground-state complex formation between nano-selenium and Cyt c. Meanwhile, no significant alteration was observed in the position of the signal at 210 nm, suggesting the ...
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... can be seen in Fig. 15C, the UV-vis spectra of Cyt c in the presence of different concentrations of nano-selenium are characterized by Soret and Q transitions bands of heme chromophore at 408 nm and near 530 nm. There is not any shift in the position of the peak at 408 nm. These results indicated that the nano-selenium is conjugated to Cyt c but, this ...
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... are two characteristic signals in the absorption spectra of HSA (Fig. 15A): one of them is located at 226 nm and originates from the n→p٭ transition of the peptide bond (α-helical structure and framework conformation of HSA), and the other is located at 278 nm and refers to absorption and electron transfer (p → p*) of the aromatic amino acids (Trp, Tyr, and Phe) [53]. The UV-vis spectra of HSA in the ...
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... framework conformation of HSA), and the other is located at 278 nm and refers to absorption and electron transfer (p → p*) of the aromatic amino acids (Trp, Tyr, and Phe) [53]. The UV-vis spectra of HSA in the absence and presence of different nanoselenium concentrations were noted to evaluate the nanoselenium-HSA interaction. As represented in Fig. 15A, the UVvis absorption of the peptide bond (226 nm) and aromatic amino acids (278 nm) decreased on elevating the concentrations of nanoselenium (hypochromism), which reveals the formation of nanoselenium-HSA complex during their conjugation. As can be seen, the position of signals at 226 and 278 nm had barely changed, indicating that ...
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... order to investigate protein folding, assembly, dynamics and interaction, fluorescence spectral studies are a suitable method. (Fig. 16). The maximum fluorescence emission spectra of HSA, HHb, and Cyt c quenched continuously on elevating the concentration of nanoselenium at three temperatures. This reduction in the inherent fluorescence intensity of HSA, HHb, and Cyt c can be attributed to their strong interactions with nano-selenium, which leads to conformational ...
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... 0 /F against nano-selenium concentration) for HSA, HHb, and Cyt c (Fig. 17A, B and C). It is clear from these Tables that the values of K sv and K q increase on elevating the temperature and suggesting that the dominant quenching process in proteins-SeNPs interaction may be dynamic. One of the best techniques to scrutinize the actual nature of the quenching mechanism is careful examination of the fluorophore ...
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... Computing the binding constants and number of binding sites. In order to calculate the binding strength (K a ) between nano-selenium and HSA, HHb, and Cyt c and the number of the binding sites per protein (n), the double logarithm regression curve were plotted (Fig. 19) according to the modified Stern-Volmer ...
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... 2, 3 and 4 exhibit the values of n and K a at 288.15, 298.15, and 310.15 K, which are obtained from the slope and intercept (the antilog of the y-intercept) of the Scatchard curve (log (Fo-F)/F versus log [Q]) to reveal the distribution of the SeNPs in plasma for HSA, HHb, and Cyt c (Fig. 19A, B and C). It was found that the binding constants increased by increasing temperature and the proteins-SeNPs systems could be more stable at higher temperatures [69]. In other words, the affinity of nano-selenium to proteins increased, which reduced the concentration of free nanoselenium in plasma. It was also revealed that the values ...
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... investigate the SeNPs-proteins interaction by docking analysis, the Patch Dock Server was employed (Figs. 21, 22 and 23 ). Meanwhile, the patch Dock was used to divide the surfaces of SeNPs-proteins into patches based on the surface shape them. The shape of each system and the atomic desolvation energy [72] were further determined by the asset of scoring functions. To overcome the problem of flexibility and scoring of solutions produced by fast rigid-body ...
Citations
... Binding and thermodynamic parameters of the RNA -γ -Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 -PNV MNPs system (RNA was labelled with AO). Figure 16). So, analysis of the data shows that γ -Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 -PNV MNPs interact with DNA both through the groove and intercalate (partial intercalation) [45]. Therefore, we conducted fluorescence measurements in the presence of both AO and HO at three distinct temperatures (288.15, ...
... The results indicate that STA Nps clearly substitute AO from the intercalation binding sites of Ct-DNA. So, the results of the competitive fluorescence studies indicate that STA Nps interact with Ct-DNA via mixed type of binding, that is through partial intercalation which consists of groove binding mode as well as intercalation as suggested by the CD studies [57,58]. ...
... For investigating the variations in the native conformation of HSA when exposed to the STA Nps, the CD spectra of HSA (10 µM) incubated with STA NPs, at different concentrations were measured in the wavelength range 190-250 nm as shown in Fig. 11(a). In the CD spectra, there are two characteristic peaks in native HSA at 208 and 222 nm which are assigned to π → π ⁎ transition and n → π ⁎ transition, respectively, that are indicative of the α-helical structure of HSA [33,58,60]. The CD spectra indicates that with the successive increment in the concentration of STA Nps, a slight decline in the negative ellipticity of HSA can be seen with no significant shift in the wavelength. ...
... The CD spectra indicates that with the successive increment in the concentration of STA Nps, a slight decline in the negative ellipticity of HSA can be seen with no significant shift in the wavelength. This result suggested that an interaction occurs between HSA and STA Nps but without any adverse alteration in the HSA's secondary structure [58,62]. By using the eq. ...
... Three peaks were reported by Shubharani et al. (2019) from the EDAX: a sturdy signal from the Se atom was 50.79%, together with the O atom was 35.55% and the C atom was 13.66%. Shahabadi et al. (2021) reported the EDAX analysis of selenium nanoparticles in which the surface represented a strong band of Se, C, O and N atoms. The XRD patterns obtained the main peaks characteristic of crystalline selenium at 2θ values of 23.6°, 29.42° and 43.32°. ...
Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement utilized in aqua-feeds for aquatic animals’ normal growth, well-being and health. This work was intended to assess the growth performance of Labeo rohita (Rohu) resulting from the nano Se-merged diet. Nano Se was synthesized and its physico-chemical characteristics were characterized using UV-VIS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR for varying quantities of nano Se; Diets - I-0, II- 0.5, III-1, IV-1.5, V-2 and VI- 2.5 mg/ kg were prepared, making use of fish meal (FM), groundnut oil cake (GNOC), wheat flour (WF) and tapioca flour (TF). Feed-utilizing parameters and the biochemical composition of Rohu were evaluated subsequently after 28 days. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy revealed that nano Se was assessed in wavelengths of 200 to 500 nm and exhibited strong absorption at 322 nm. SEM image showed spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 12.22 mm. EDAX spectrum recorded two signals at 1.5 keV and 11 keV. XRD patterns showed crystalline characteristics of nano Se at 2θ correlators of 23.5o, 29.7o, 41.4o, 43.6o, 45.4o, 51.7o, 55.9o and 61.5o. FTIR spectrum was examined in the range of 4000 – 500 cm-1. Rohu's growth performance and biochemical analysis revealed that the protein, carbohydrate and lipids of gill, liver and muscle of Rohu were highly increased in the case of diet IV containing 1.5 mg/kg nano Se.
... The present study examined NL(C) extract for its efficacy in stabilizing SeNPs during their synthesis with sodium selenite as a source of Se and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The UV-visible spectrum showed characteristic λ max at 265 nm (Fig. 2(A)) due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance property portrayed by the NL(C)-SeNPs confirming their synthesis [36,37]. The aqueous fungal extract (NL(C) of N. guilinensis showed 121.9 (SD± 1.88) µg/mL of total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent) and 59.34 (SD ± 2.47) µg/mL of total flavonoid content (quercetin equivalent) thus indicating a notable presence of these compounds ( Fig. 2(B)). ...
... The results showed that selenium nanoparticles show a signi cant anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7, and Raji Burkitt lymphoma cancer cells. On the other hand, SeNPs showed a stronger effect on MCF-7 cells compared to Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cancer cells (24). ...
Background
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have special applications in biochemistry and physics that enable various effects, such as oxidative stress or antioxidant activity. In the present study, the effect of SeNPs on SW480 cell lines via MTT assay, determination of ROS and stress oxidative enzymes activities, and gene expression of Bax, Bcl2, and P53 were studied.
Results
The results showed that oxidative stress levels increased after 24 hours of treatment with selected SeNPs concentrations. Moreover, the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymes decreased significantly. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and p53 were elevated, whereas the expression of the Bcl2 gene was reduced.
Conclusion
Selenium nanoparticles significantly reduced the activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT enzymes and caused an increase in ROS and induction of apoptosis in the cells. Therefore, the induced apoptosis can be caused by the excessive increase of oxidative stress in SW480 cell line.
... The present study examined NL(C) extract for its efficacy in stabilizing SeNPs during their synthesis with sodium selenite as a source of Se and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The UV-visible spectrum showed characteristic λ max at 265 nm (Fig. 2(A)) due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance property portrayed by the NL(C)-SeNPs confirming their synthesis [36,37]. The aqueous fungal extract (NL(C) of N. guilinensis showed 121.9 (SD± 1.88) µg/mL of total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent) and 59.34 (SD ± 2.47) µg/mL of total flavonoid content (quercetin equivalent) thus indicating a notable presence of these compounds Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. ...
Selenium has many beneficial bioactive properties yet has a narrow therapeutic window. This problem can be addressed by selenium in nanoform or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). There are several chemical and physical approaches that can be employed for the synthesis of SeNPs. However, the biological route for SeNP synthesis is known to be more eco-friendly, economical, and biocompatible when assessing bioactivities. The present study demonstrates a biological approach that effectively facilitates the synthesis and stabilization of SeNPs with the help of secondary metabolites derived from endophytic fungi N. guilinensis i.e., NL(C)-SeNPs. The nanoparticles formed were characterized via various techniques i.e., UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, and TEM. The synthesized NL(C)-SeNPs were spherical with a size of 55 ± 7.0 nm. These capped SeNPs (NL(C)-SeNPs) show prominent bioactivity in terms of in-vitro anti-oxidant properties and anti-microbial activity on Escherichia coli, Enterobacter faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity on Aspergillus niger and Fusarium laterium. The results indicated NL(C)-SeNPs portray increased potential anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, their anti-cancer activity on the HepG2 cell line was also observed in a dose-dependent manner. However, additional studies related to the toxicity and synergistic effects of SeNPs, are required before their therapeutic applications
... Sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, and ascorbic acid are commonly used to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) via chemical methods [36,79,124]. SeNPs have demonstrated comprehensive antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. ...
Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology book series aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology. The field of advanced and applied Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology has not only helped the development in various fields in Science and Technology but also contributes the improvement of the quality of human life to a great extent. The focus of the book would be on state-of-the-art technologies and advances in Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology and to provides a remarkable opportunity for the academic, research and industrial communities to address new challenges and share solutions.
... SeNPs have a high absorption rate, high biological activity and low toxicity, and can be directly absorbed by the human body and converted to organic selenium (69). However, certain SeNPs have poor stability and may be easily converted into gray-black elemental selenium, which may increase their toxicity and result in diminished activity (70). ...
The rapid availability of effective antiviral treatments would be beneficial during the early phases of a pandemic, as they could reduce viral loads and control serious infections until antigenic vaccines become widely available. One promising alternative therapy to combat pandemics is nanotechnology, which has the potential to inhibit a wide variety of viruses, including the influenza virus. This review summarizes the recent progress using gold, copper, silver, silicone, zinc and selenium nanoparticles, since these materials have shown remarkable antiviral capacity against influenza A virus.
... The obtained precipitate was thoroughly filtered and washed with ionized water in a mixture of water and toluene using a high-speed stirrer, followed by additional washing with only ionized water for 3 h. The precipitate was dried in an oven at 100 • C. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) ( Figure 12B) were formed according to a previously described protocol [59]. Se-NPs were created by the chemical reduction of sodium selenite by glutathione. ...
... The precipitate was dried in an oven at 100 °C. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) ( Figure 12B) were formed according to a previously described protocol [59]. Se-NPs were created by the chemical reduction of sodium selenite by glutathione. ...
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) inoculation, foliar application of zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and Se-NPs), and their combined interactions on the growth and productivity of chili pepper under cold-stress conditions. Two field experiments were successfully conducted during the winter seasons of 2021 and 2022 in an experimental field at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. The results showed that, under cold stress, the combination of AMF inoculation and ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs as a foliar spray increased the average fruit weight by 92.4% and 98.7%, and the number of fruits by 34.6% and 54.8 compared to control treatment in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. Additionally, the combination of AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) significantly increased the total marketable yield by 95.8% and 94.7% compared to the control, which recorded values of 2.4 and 1.9 kg m −2 in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) showed the highest total content of ascorbic acid and capsaicin in chili fruits compared to the other treatments. The combination of AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) stimulated the accumulation of peroxidase (POD) and nitrogen glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) while decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) contents. SDS analysis revealed that the application of ZnO-NPs, Se-NPs, AMF + ZnO-NPs, and AMF + ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs induced the emergence of new protein bands and reconstitution of those damaged by cold stress. Regarding histological structure, the combination of AMF inoculation and ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs as a foliar spray showed an enhancement in the thickness of grana thylakoids and increased the number of chloroplasts. Intriguingly, the findings showed that AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) could offer guidance for increasing plant development and productivity under cold-stress conditions.
... The average diameter of the synthesized NPs was about 50 nm at pH = 8 (Fig. 6A). As is clear in the figure, the curve is bell-shaped, which shows the uniform dispersion of NPs [42,43]. Also, the dispersion index of nanoparticles (PDI) was recorded as 0.199, which indicates the high uniformity of the colloidal solution of cinnamon-NPs. ...
The natural polyphenolic materials that cinnamon contains are well known for their different biological applications and have a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic attributes. Bioactive and harmless cinnamon nanoparticles (cinnamon-NPs) can be anticancer and antidiabetic agents. For this purpose, water-soluble cinnamon-NPs were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique for the first time and in vitro studies were performed to investigate their anti-diabetic effects. The outcomes of morphology, size, and stability of cinnamon-NPs were described through Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering/Zeta (DLS/Zeta), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The morphology of cinnamon-NPs was spherical and their average size was about 14.8 nm. Furthermore, the glucose consumption assay results revealed that compound cinnamon-NPs at 1.0 and 10 µM significantly lowered glucose levels (p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells exposed to 11.0 and 22.0 mM of glucose compared with standard (piogl-itazone) and control groups. Therefore, the utilization of spherical NPs suspended in water could be useful for investigating therapeutic applications.
