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Red seaweeds (Phylum Rhodophyta). A: Pyropia columbina on rocky intertidal shore. B: P. columbina, detail of a thallus, C: P. columbina dark redish colour, D: P. columbina yellowish colour, E: Gracilaria gracilis, F: Callophyllis variegata, G: Sarcothalia crispata (Ph: M. Hughes), H: Sarcopeltis skottsbergii (M. Hughes).
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Argentina comprises more than 5000 km of coastline with a considerable diversity of seaweeds, some of which have the potential to be transformed into fishery resources. However, when compared with other marine resources, the exploitation of the seaweed species in terms of the harvesting methods, their sustainability and available information on bio...
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... there is evidence from the comparative genome study confirming con-specificity with European G. gracilis (Levy, Beer, & Friedlander, 1990), further studies are needed to clarify the alga's status as a probable, introduced species in Argentina. Gracilaria gracilis (Figure 4e) is one of the most important seaweed resources of Argentina in terms of its historical exploitation for agar production . Notwithstanding its great economic importance, its distribution in Argentina is relatively narrow. ...
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... skottsbergii (Figure 4h) is an endemic species from southern South America and Antarctica. Its distribution in Argentina is wide but discontinuous along the Patagonian coast from Punta Lobería (44° 16´S 16´S) to Tierra del Fuego Province (Figure 1, Piriz, 1996a). ...
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... crispata (Figure 4g) is the most abundant and widely distributed species of this genus in Argentina (Boraso de Zaixso, 2013). It was commercially exploited along the Patagonian coast together with S. skottsbergii for the production of carrageenan and carrageenophyte seaweed flour ( Hayashi et al., 2014). ...
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... variegata (Figure 4f) is a subtidal species distributed along the Patagonian coast, from Chubut to Tierra del Fuego Province (Figure 1). It is a subtidal species, frequently found as part of the Macrocystis pyrifera kelp forest understory community Callebaut Cardu & Borzone, 1979;Mendoza et al., 2005;Raffo, Eyras, & Iribarne, 2009). ...
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... it was transferred to the Genus Pyropia and the currently accepted name is Pyropia columbina (Sutherland et al., 2011). This species (Figure 4a-d) is a frequent species of the rocky intertidal communities of the Patagonian coast. Thalli are around 15 cm length and could reach up to 40 cm, varying from yellowish ( Figure 4d to a) dark, reddish colour ( Figure 4c). ...
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... species (Figure 4a-d) is a frequent species of the rocky intertidal communities of the Patagonian coast. Thalli are around 15 cm length and could reach up to 40 cm, varying from yellowish ( Figure 4d to a) dark, reddish colour ( Figure 4c). Thickness of the thallus ranges according to the environmental conditions (i.e., desiccation during low tide, wave exposure) and the reproductive stage (Boraso de Zaixso, 2013). ...
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... species (Figure 4a-d) is a frequent species of the rocky intertidal communities of the Patagonian coast. Thalli are around 15 cm length and could reach up to 40 cm, varying from yellowish ( Figure 4d to a) dark, reddish colour ( Figure 4c). Thickness of the thallus ranges according to the environmental conditions (i.e., desiccation during low tide, wave exposure) and the reproductive stage (Boraso de Zaixso, 2013). ...
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Citations
... Marine seaweeds contain several polysaccharide groups including fucoidans, laminarians, carrageenans, ulvans, agarans, and alginates. Several seaweed species have been harvested on the Argentine coast of Patagonia and used mainly as a source of phycocolloids [12]. In adition to the potential of this long and pristine coastline for seaweed biomass production by some widely exploited species, such as Gracilaria gracilis, Sarcopeltis (Gigartina) skottsbergii, Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnati da, it is also a relatively unexplored source of genetic resources and seaweed species with potential applications. ...
Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides that display a wide array of biological properties and are found mainly in brown seaweeds. These compounds possess interesting pharmacological perspectives for antiviral and antioxidant drug development. Myriogloea major Asensi (Chordariaceae; Ectocarpales) is an endemic brown seaweed from Argentine Patagonia similar to other members of the Chordariaceae family used as a commercial fucoidan source. This alga is a potential resource and the fucoidans obtained from it have not been studied until now. In this work, we studied the chemical composition and the anti- HSV-1, HSV-2 and Bovine Coronavirus, and antioxidant activity of fucoidan extracts from M. major thalli. The dry weights from two pooled extracts represented 42% of the extracted dried biomass. Chemical analysis showed that the extracts contained between 15 and 20% of sulfates and approximately 80% of fucose constituents on their polysaccharides. The total phenolic content was lower than 1% (Gallic acid equivalents) and antioxidant activity was lower than 50% at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in both extracts. We demonstrated that in the presence of fucoidan extracts the viral attachment to the cell was reduced by up to 75%; applying its antiviral action to block the viral infection, this way the progeny virus released from host cells was significantly restricted, without affecting cell-to-cell spread or virus viability.
