Figure - uploaded by Seyed Ali Johari
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The subject of this study was investigation of red blood cell alterations in diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The triploid rainbow trout were obtained through the application of heat shock of 26.5°C for 20 min to eggs 20-min following fertilization. The diploids were not subjected to shock. The 3N and 2N fingerlings of rain...
Citations
... The percentage of red blood cells with the segmented nuclei in triploids of brook trout was significantly higher than in diploid individuals (Table 2, Figure 1). Similar observations in brook trout were published by Wlasow et al. (2004) and in rainbow trout triploids (Johari et al. 2008). The phenomenon of division of nuclei in erythrocytes of triploid salmonids was signalled also by Benfey (1999). ...
This study showed differences in the occurrence of blood cell alteration in triploid brook trout. The triploidisation was induced by hydrostatic shock pressure at 9500 psi for 5 min at different times after fertilisation (22.5, 27.5, 32.5, 37.5,42.5, 47, 5, 52.5 and 62.5 min). The pressure shocks at 32.5 and 37.5 min after fertilisation caused the lowest share of pathologically altered blood cells in triploid fish.
... Thus, triploid sturgeons demonstrate similar changes. Erythrocytes with a nucleus shifted away from the centre are more often found in triploids of salmonids (Benfey 1999; Wlasow et al. 2004), including rainbow trout triploids obtained by thermal shock (Johari et al. 2008). ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of thermal shock on morphotic blood elements in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii triploids. The thermal shock (37 degrees C for 2 min) was applied in the 18(th) min after fertilization. Blood was sampled from parallel cultured ten triploids and ten diploids on day 70 after hatching. Ploidy was assessed with the cytogenetic method and measurements of cellular nuclei. In the blood of triploids, significant dominance of immature red blood cells, erythrocytes with a displaced nucleus, microcytes and erythroplastids were observed. The blood of triploids was also characterized by a reduced number of lymphocytes. The percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes was elevated; increased share of neutrophil granulocytes with a 4-, 5- or 6-segmented nucleus and eosinophil granulocytes with a nucleus consisting of three and more segments was observed. Disturbances in the picture of red blood cells can be considered as an expression of intensification of end-stage changes in triploids. The response to these changes in the blood of triploid Siberian sturgeon is an increase in the share of polymorphonuclear PMN, cells counted as microphages. Frequent presence of immature red blood cells in triploid Siberian sturgeon is a process that aims at counterbalancing the loss among these blood cells. It is the first report on morphological changes and proportions among blood cells in triploid Siberian sturgeon.
Currently the applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are gaining overwhelming response due to the advancement of nanotechnology. However, only limited information is available with regard to their toxicity mechanism in different species. It is very essential to understand the complete molecular mechanism to explore the functional and long term applications of Ag NPs. Ag NPs could be toxic at cellular, subcellular, biomolecular, and epigenetic levels. Toxicity effects induced by Ag NPs have been evaluated using numerous in vitro and in vivo models, but still there are contradictions in interpretations due to disparity in methodology, test endpoints and several other model parameters which needs to be considered. Thus, this review article focuses on the progressive elucidation of molecular mechanism of toxicity induced by Ag NPs in various in vitro and in vivo models. Apart from these, this review also highlights the various ignored factors which are to be considered during toxicity studies.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Aquaculture production continues to increase to satisfy global demand, and as such, issues relating to its environmental sustainability and the welfare of fish are becoming more prominent within society. Sterile triploid fish (possessing one additional chromosome set to the more natural diploid state) are in use in aquaculture and fisheries management to avoid the problems associated with unwanted early sexual maturation and genetic interactions between wild and cultured fish. Triploids are physiologically and behaviorally similar to diploids, although ploidy effects do exist. This review focuses on the welfare of triploid fish within aquaculture and fisheries management. The main conclusions are that triploids appear more susceptible to temperature stress, have a higher incidence of deformities, and are less aggressive than their diploid counterparts. However, considerable knowledge gaps exist in triploid physiology and performance; therefore, triploid requirements for water quality, nutritional requirements, stocking densities, and slaughter methods cannot be fully assessed. In addition, other than growth and survival, no information exists on the performance of triploids when released into natural environments, and this is of considerable concern, as triploids are commonly used in catch-and-release fisheries. These matters become more pressing with today's increased emphasis on animal welfare
