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The fact that traditional energy sources have limited reserves and have a negative impact on the environment increases the demand for renewable energy sources. Environmental, economic, and sustainability concerns have led researchers, investors, and policy makers to seek the potential of renewable energy sources. Suitable site selection for new-gen...
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... In fields related to PV spatial planning, most studies have primarily focused on increasing more available space for PV systems and improving electricity production efficiency (GÜNEN 2021, NEBEY et al. 2020, YANG et al. 2019. The classic factors for assessing the solar energy potential and evaluating locations for PV power stations include solar radiation, land availability, geographical constraints for construction, grid connection and compatibility with nature (PENG et al. 2022, GE et al. 2022, ODHIAMBO et al. 2021,YANG et al. 2023. ...
To reduce carbon emissions and achieve energy transition targets, the Chinese government promotes photovoltaic installation, and the PV cumulative capacity ranks first worldwide. These pho-tovoltaic arrays occupy large areas, change the appearance of the landscape, and affect the surrounding residents. The Yangtze River Delta region is characterized by high urbanization, high-density population , and fragmented ecosystems. The region is especially sensitive to the change of landscape caused by photovoltaic development. This paper tracks the landscape changes and impacts caused by 301 large-scale photovoltaic power stations each over 6 MW with a set of indexes developed through literature review. The results reveal the development trends, spatiotemporal distribution, and cumulative impacts on landscape protection areas and landscape areas of everyday life, through ArcGIS 10.6 and R, with the data of Landsat 8 and the identification of photovoltaic power stations boundaries. The conclusion enlightens the landscape impact trend of large-scale photovoltaic power stations and triggers thinking about landscape protection when promoting energy transition.
... A land susceptibility model is developed in 3 using AHP where relative weights of all landslip instability factors are determined with the help of AHP. AHP technique, along with GIS-based ranking were used in 4 for finding the best locations in Kayseri, Turkey for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant construction. Similar to this, Hammami et al. in 5 also applied AHP technique along with GIS based multi-criteria decision analysis in flood susceptibility mapping at Tunisia. ...
Decision makers consistently face the challenge of simultaneously assessing numerous attributes, determining their respective importance, and selecting an appropriate method for calculating their weights. This article addresses the problem of automatic generation control (AGC) in a two area power system (2-APS) by proposing fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), an multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) technique, to determine weights for sub-objective functions. The integral-time-absolute-errors (ITAE) of tie-line power fluctuation, frequency deviations and area control errors, are defined as the sub-objectives. Each of these is given a weight by the FAHP method, which then combines them into an single final objective function. This objective function is then used to design a PID controller. To improve the optimization of the objective function, the Jaya optimization algorithm (JOA) is used in conjunction with other optimization techniques such as sine cosine algorithm (SCA), Luus–Jaakola algorithm (LJA), Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm (NMSA), symbiotic organism search algorithm (SOSA) and elephant herding optimization algorithm (EHOA). Six distinct experimental cases are conducted to evaluate the controller’s performance under various load conditions, with data plotted to show responses corresponding to fluctuations in frequency and tie-line exchange. Furthermore, statistical analysis is performed to gain a better understanding of the effectiveness of the JOA-based PID controller. For non-parametric evaluation, Friedman rank test is also used to validate the performance of the proposed JOA-based controller.
... For the construction of photovoltaic power plants, the south-facing slope direction is the most suitable in most areas of China. Simultaneously, a smaller slope (0 • -4 • ) is more appropriate; otherwise, it will result in higher building costs for photovoltaic power plants and an inability to maximize the use of solar energy resources by photovoltaic modules that cannot be adjusted to the ideal inclination angle [37], so the maximum number of degrees of the slope is limited to 15 • . The three factors of slope effects (SE), aspect effects (AE), and hill-shade effects (HE) in Xizang were calculated by ARCGIS, and the topographic effects (TE) were obtained by using Equations (6)- (9). ...
Xizang boasts a vast and geographically complex landscape with an average elevation surpassing 4000 m. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of surface solar radiation is indispensable for simulating surface processes, studying climate change, and designing photovoltaic power generation and solar heating systems. A multi-dimensional, long-term, spatial, and temporal investigation of solar radiation in Xizang was conducted using three unique datasets, including the difference in surface solar radiation (SSR) between high-resolution satellite and ground station data, the annual and monthly distribution of SSR, and the interannual–monthly–daily variation and the coefficient of hourly variability. Combined with high-resolution elevation data, a strong linear correlation was shown between the radiation and the elevation below 4000 m. Furthermore, analysis reveals greater differences in data between east and west compared to the center, as well as between summer and winter seasons. SSR levels vary in steps, reaching the highest from Ngari to Shigatse and the lowest in a U-shaped area formed by southeastern Shannan and southern Nyingchi. In June, high monthly SSR coverage was the highest of the year. Since 1960, the annual mean SSR has generally exhibited a declining trend, displaying distinctive trends across various seasons and datasets. Owing to intricate meteorological factors, some regions exhibited double peaks in monthly SSR. Finally, we have introduced a solar resource assessment standard, along with a multidimensional evaluation of the resources, and categorized all townships. We offer a thorough analysis of Xizang’s solar radiation to provide a comprehensive understanding, which will help to prioritize recommendations for PV construction in Xizang.
... The optimal location includes the existence of power lines that allow the energy generated to be transported to the consumption or transformation points, so that the shorter the distance, the higher the score, and vice versa [63]. Taking into account the large number of power lines that may be present in the electricity system at different voltages, those with a voltage equal to or greater than 60 kV will be analyzed. ...
Nowadays, solar energy is considered to be one of the most developed renewable energy sources, and its production capacity has increased in recent years. To optimize yields and production, the correct selection of the location of these plants is essential. This research develops a methodological proposal that allows for detecting and evaluating the most appropriate places to implement solar photovoltaic plants almost automatically through GIS tools. A multi-criteria analysis is proposed to analyze large extensions of land with ten duly weighted criteria that cover the energy and territorial requirements that any installation must meet. The method assigns each site a location coefficient that reflects the weighting of the chosen criteria so that the value ordered from highest to lowest reflects the best to the worst location. Unlike other research works that can be considered similar, the methodological proposal is much more consistent than traditional alternatives as it uses a multi-criteria analysis and a weighting mechanism that is also statistically consistent, objective, and based on logical criteria. This innovative methodology is applied to Cantabria (north of Spain), although it could be used for other contexts.
... In Muğla, Türkiye, flood and erosion risks were incorporated into the AHP criteria for assessing their impact on solar PV farm site selection [37]. The GIS-AHP approach was also applied to identify suitable sites for solar PV farms in Malatya [38] and Kayseri [39], Türkiye. ...
... It is worth noting that [39] utilized conventional AHP to evaluate appropriate locations for solar PV farms in the same study area in Kayseri. A key distinction between our findings and those of [39] lies in the proportion of restricted zones. ...
... It is worth noting that [39] utilized conventional AHP to evaluate appropriate locations for solar PV farms in the same study area in Kayseri. A key distinction between our findings and those of [39] lies in the proportion of restricted zones. While [39] identified only 9.43% of the area as restricted zones, our study indicates that this ratio is significantly higher at 67.1%. ...
This study proposes a novel approach to enhance the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the selection of suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) farms. This approach is particularly beneficial when it is possible to establish a predefined objective relation in the final weights of the AHP method. The methodology focuses on achieving this predefined relation introducing a systematic revision of the constants of related constraints. In this study, the costs of constructing a unit transmission line and road in the Kayseri Province are objectively related, and the initial constant matrix of the AHP method is iteratively revised until the relation of the final weights converges to the predefined one. The suitability of solar PV farm locations is classified into five classes, revealing approximately 28% (40-100% of suitability) of the province as favorably suitable and designating about 67% as restricted zones. The findings reveal notable distinctions between the revised weights and those derived from the conventional AHP method. The disparity in weights for various constraints varies from 13.5% to 7.2%. Consequently, the alterations in the area of suitability regions range from 3.4% to 50%. The revision of AHP weights results in a reduction in higher-suitability areas, coupled with a significant expansion in the region exhibiting lower suitability. Notably, the extent of change in the suitability map increases when the difference in ratios between two criteria obtained from the AHP and the predefined objective relation is high. The proposed method demonstrates its applicability in regions like Kayseri where an objective relation between criteria can be established. Given the inherent subjectivity of the AHP method, the proposed procedure becomes essential to attain more objective weights. Since the methodology objectively adjusts weights based on known ratios, it increases the accuracy and reliability of site selection studies.
... (continued ) Author(s) and year Country Method(s) Case study location Included factors Koc et al. (2019) Turkey GIS and AHP Igdir Province Elevation, land cover, aspect, inclination, geological rock type, solar irradiance, temperature, and transmission line Günen (2021) Turkey GIS and AHP Kayseri state GHI, aspect, slope, land use, distance from bird migration routes, distance from faults, distance from rivers, distance from water surfaces, distance from power lines, distance from road transportation network, distance from railway transportation network, and distance from transformer center Arca et al. (2023) Turkey GIS and AHP Safranbolu state Solar radiation, aspect, slope, land use, distance to road, residential areas, and fault Suuronen et al. (2017) Chile GIS and AHP Atacama Desert Slope, orientation, GHI, temperature, highway access, distance to grid, biomass, and land use Ali et al. (2022) Thailand GIS and AHP 15 sites Hydrogen generation potential, proximity to major urban centers, slope, elevation, distance to road and transmission lines, Land type used, and distance to residential and protected areas Halder et al. (2022) India GIS and AHP Megacity Kolkata Solar radiation, LULC, water body, residential area, power supply Line, soil type, highway, protected area, slope, aspect, and altitude Merrouni et al. ...
... In order to avoid accidents caused by the reflection of PV panels, based on the study by Vagiona [10], airports and the surrounding area within 2000 m were excluded. Most studies [11,28,41,42] considered some land covers, such as operational industrial and mining areas, as exclusion criteria since activities on them can stain PV panels leading to an inefficient performance. The same applies for land eligibility for onshore wind; however, this study did not exclude mining sites. ...
... At the same time, in order not to pollute environmental water resources when constructing PV panels, Ryberg's study [28] suggested that waterbodies and surrounding areas up to 500 m should be excluded. According to several studies [41][42][43], since the topography and geological structure of sands and beaches are not suitable for constructing PV power plants, sandy and beach areas were excluded. Two significant economic indicators were considered in this section, namely, connection distance (the distance to power lines) and access distance (the distance to accessible roads). ...
To achieve sustainable development, the energy transition from lignite burning to renewable energy resources for electric power generation is essential for Greece. Wind and solar energy have emerged as significant sources in this transition. Surprisingly, numerous studies have examined the potential for onshore wind based on land eligibility, while few studies on open-field photovoltaic (PV) installations have been conducted. Therefore, based on the Specific Framework for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for Renewable Energy Sources (SFSPSD-RES), along with insights from previous relevant studies, this work conducts a land eligibility analysis of onshore wind and open-field PV installations in Greece using the software Geospatial Land Availability for Energy Systems (GLAES 1.2.1) and ArcGIS 10.2. Additionally, through an in-depth exploration of wind and solar PV energy potential in decommissioned lignite mines integrated with wind power density (WPD) and global horizontal irradiation (GHI) maps, this study compares the suitability of wind versus solar as energy sources for the decarbonization of Greece. Overall, despite the greater spatial eligibility for onshore wind turbines compared to open-field PV power plants, the relatively lower wind energy potential and operational limitations of wind turbines lead to the study’s conclusion that solar energy (PV) is more suitable for the decarbonization of Greece.
... The MIF approach basically follows the procedures which is illustrated in Fig. 2. First, each factor is allocated a rank based on its relative importance to a suitable sites for solar PV farm location. In present study, the major and minor interrelationship between the influencing factors found out using extensive literature survey [11,17,23,24,29,58,71,75,85,91]. The more significant the factor, the higher its weight. ...
... The efficiency is impacted by high solar radiation, and it is crucial to use the data provided for the area because solar radiation, such as the duration of sunshine, differs by state. The amount of solar radiation that is absorbed by the environment is called solar irradiance, and it is measured in units of area by a particular surface (MJ/m 2 ) [24,30]. The reclassified Solar radiation map is presented in Fig. 3. ...
The significant natural energy sources for reducing the global usage of fossil fuels are renewable energy (RE) sources. Solar energy is a crucial and reliable RE source. Site selection for solar photovoltaic (PV) farms is a crucial issue in terms of spatial planning and RE policies. This study adopts a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Influencing Factor (MIF) technique to enhance the precision of identifying and delineating optimal locations for solar PV farms. The choice of GIS and MIF is motivated by their ability to integrate diverse influencing factors, facilitating a holistic analysis of spatial data. The selected influencing factors include solar radiation, wind speed, Land Surface Temperature (LST), relative humidity, vegetation, elevation, land use, Euclidean distance from roads, and aspect. The optimal sites of solar PV power plant delineated revealed that ‘very low’ suitability of site covering 4.866% of the study area, ‘low’ suitability of site 13.190%, ‘moderate’ suitability of site 31.640%, ‘good’ suitability of site 32.347%, and ‘very good’ suit- ability of site for solar PV power plant encompassing 17.957% of the study area. The sensitivity analysis results show that the solar radiation, relative humidity, and elevation are the most effective on the accuracy of the prediction. The validation of the results shows the accuracy of solar PV power plant prediction using MIF technique in the study area was 81.80%. The integration of GIS and MIF not only enhances the accuracy of site suitability assessment but also pro- vides a practical implementation strategy. This research offers valuable insights for renewable energy policymakers, urban planners, and other stakeholders seeking to identify and develop optimal locations for solar energy power farms in their respective regions.
... Bulanık Analitik Ağ Süreci, ağı çözmek ve alt kriterlerin önem ağırlıklarını bulmak amacıyla kullanılmış olup, VIKOR ile GES'nin konumlarının sıralaması sağlanmıştır. Günen (2021) tarafından yapılan çalışmada CBS ve ÇKKV yöntemleri, Kayseri'deki GES için en uygun lokasyonu tespit etmek amacıyla entegre edilmiştir. Araştırma alanına ilişkin üç ana kriter, on iki alt kriter ve bunların göstergeleri belirlenmiştir. ...
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de kurulacak Güneş Enerjisi Santrali (GES) için mevcut alternatif iller olan İstanbul, Nevşehir ve Bilecik arasından Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) tekniği kullanılarak en uygun yerin seçilmesidir. Bu amaçla ilk aşamada Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemi kullanılarak kriter ağırlıkları hesaplanmış, ikinci aşamada ise VIKOR yöntemiyle belirlenen alternatifler üstünlüklerine göre sıralanarak uzlaştırıcı ortak bir çözüm elde edilmiştir. Yöntem: Güneş enerji santralleri için nihai yer seçim kriterlerini belirlemek için mevzuatlar açısından, santrallerin verimliliği açısından ve sosyal, coğrafik ve ekonomik etkiler açısından yer seçim koşulları dikkate alınmış ve AHP ve VIKOR yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan Çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) metotları AHP ve VIKOR' dur. AHP yöntemini uygulamada kullanılan program ise Super Decisions’tır. Literatürde daha önce bu konu üzerine yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde; AHP ve VIKOR yöntemini ayrı ayrı kullanan birçok çalışmaya rastlanmasına rağmen bunların birlikte etkisinin incelendiği akademik çalışma sayısının oldukça sınırlı ve çalışmalarda kullanılan kriter sayısının da oldukça az olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada AHP kullanılmasının nedeni yöneylem araştırmalarında en sık kullanılan ÇKKV tekniği olması ve yöntemin güncelliğini korumasıdır. Diğer yandan, farklı bir karar verme yaklaşımından daha faydalanılarak uygulamacılara yol göstermesi ve literatüre de katkı yapılması amaçlandığı için VIKOR kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ekonomik, teknik, sosyal ve coğrafi ana kriterleri ile bu ana kriterlere bağlı arazi maliyeti, enerji nakil hattına uzaklık, bölgesel teşvikler, güneşlenme süresi, sıcaklık, arazi ışınım miktarı, eğim, fay hatlarına uzaklık, yağış miktarı, karlı gün sayısı, yerleşim alanına uzaklık ve işgücü olarak tanımlanan on iki adet alt kriter tespit edilmiştir. Bu kriterlerin ağırlıkları bulunmuş ve alternatifler sıralanmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırmada Nevşehir'in güneş enerjisi santrali için en iyi seçim yeri olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarının solar enerji konusunda çalışma yapan uygulamacılara ve akademisyenlere yol göstermesi beklenmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Güneş Enerjisi, Güneş Enerjisi Santrali Yer Seçimi, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme, AHP, VIKOR
... Therefore, it is advantageous to minimize line spacing to reduce power delivery costs and enhance overall efficiency (Badi, 2021). Accordingly, the closer the distance to the grid is, the less power loss and connection costs will be (Arı and Gencer, 2019;Günen, 2021a;Günen, 2021b). Similarly, Transport infrastructure is a critical criterion that contributes significantly to overall costs (Brewer et al., 2015;Watson and Hudson, 2015). ...
... Similarly, Transport infrastructure is a critical criterion that contributes significantly to overall costs (Brewer et al., 2015;Watson and Hudson, 2015). The site's ease of access reduces costs associated with construction and logistics during the construction and operation phases (Günen, 2021b;Tercan et al., 2020). Therefore, areas with difficult access are not recommended for deploying solar PV farms. ...
... In addition, higher slopes may result in shadows that adversely affect PV systems' performance (Badi, 2021). Therefore, the gentler the slope, the more desirable this type of area will be (Al Garni and Awasthi, 2018;Günen, 2021b). Slope threshold for solar PV has generally been accepted to be between 3% and 5%. ...
Owing to its favorable geographical and climatic conditions, Tunisia offers a great deal of solar potential, making solar energy projects highly feasible. However, to maximize efficiency and return on investment, it is critical to identify the most promising locations to invest in costly solar power plants. Determining the best-suited location for implementing such projects involves various conflicting parameters, including technical, economic, and environmental dimensions. To address the complex nature of the challenges associated with site selection, this study applies an integrated GIS-based MCDM approach to conduct a land suitability analysis to determine the most feasible locations for installing large-scale solar PV power plants in Tunisia. With the aim of achieving maximum power while minimizing costs, the model considers a number of factors, including solar radiation, slope, average cloudy days, land use, soil texture, temperature, orientation, proximity to grid networks, roads, and residential areas, as well as water resources. To this end, we apply the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to assign weights to the defined criteria and evaluate the potential sites. The findings revealed that 17.6% of the study area is suitable for developing solar PV systems on a large scale. According to the spatial analysis, the most suitable sites covered an area of 5251 km 2 (3.31% of the available area) and were densely scattered across the central and southwestern, southeastern, and eastern coastal regions of the country. Furthermore, the technical potential of these sites was estimated at nearly 1060 TWh/yr. An examination of the locations of operational solar farms and planned projects revealed that they were in line with the most suitable sites, which indicated the consistency of the proposed model.
