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Source publication
Comprehensive risk assessments are fundamental to effective emergency management. These assessments need to identify the range
of hazards (or perils) an entity is exposed to and quantify the specific threats associated with each of those hazards. While
hazard identification is commonly, if not formally, conducted in most circumstances, specific thr...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... distribution of earthquakes in and around Vancouver Island, British Columbia over the past 5 years is presented in Fig. 1. Located in a seismically active region, much of Vancouver Island's earthquake activity is attributed to build-up and release of stress as the Juan de Fuca plate is subducted beneath the North America plate in what is called the Cascadia Subduction Zone. This seismic zone creates three types of earthquakes: shallow crustal earthquakes ...
Context 2
... less than M7.5 and have a typical duration of less than a minute. Owing to the fact that these earthquakes are relatively shallow events, their potential proximity to built-up urban areas poses a significant threat to Vancouver Island communities. Crustal seismicity on Vancouver Island area has been characterized by numerous, small events ( Fig. 1), which do not exhibit distinct patterns that would indicate the locations of active faulting (Rogers 1998). The most recent damaging crustal earthquake in the region was the M7.3 1946 Courtenay event on eastern Vancouver ...
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Citations
The dependence of coastal communities on marine transportation can challenge a region’s capability to withstand large disruptions, especially in regions susceptible to large natural hazards. Here, a process is presented to model and simulate marine transport earthquake resilience for coastal communities. The model is created using the Graph Model for Operational Resilience. The approach includes the interdependent relationships of different infrastructure sectors and allows for estimation of recovery timelines following disruption. A case-study application in Southern British Columbia, Canada for freight and public transportation ferry service between mainland Vancouver and Vancouver Island is presented. The disruption scenario used in this case study is a magnitude nine Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. The step-by-step recovery timeline produced by the model can provide stakeholders with a concrete example of how recovery could unfold for their operations. The case-study results indicate that berth infrastructure recovery is often the key limiting factor for terminal recovery.
Disaster resilience is a term that lends a more positive note to the term used in previous decades, ‘disaster vulnerability.’ In similar vein, capacity building is now becoming a more popular term and concept in the context of disaster risk management. Resilience can be defined at micro or macro scales, depending on the objective of the research; for example, at the household, community, county, sub-national, national, regional, or global level. Resilience to disasters involves addressing the root causes of what makes people and communities susceptible to potential threats. Experts in the field have used a variety of terms to define resilience, namely robustness; the ability to bounce back after adverse events; the critical infrastructural capacity to withstand external shocks; and recovery and rehabilitation components embedded in the concept of resilience. Resilience also considers different forms of capital, namely human, social, physical, financial, natural and political. This chapter includes various definitions of and perspectives on resilience, vulnerability and sustainability in communities. Case studies from around the world are an essential component of the chapter.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze a few recent earthquakes, gain insights into the role of social resilience in the severity of disaster impact and offer plausible approaches to mitigate future disaster impact. Managing and alleviating social and psychological harm among people, in the face of recurring disasters in the world, is very important.
Design/methodology/approach
– An approach of event comparison has been adopted in this paper. Three recent earthquake events, the 2012 event in Haida Gwaii, Canada, the 2010 event in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami have been examined through the lens of social resilience of affected population.
Findings
– Japanese people illustrated patience, tolerance and consideration for other impacted people, proving that it is an effective and efficient approach to dealing with a disaster. New Zealand’s resilience can be attributed to having a governance that is well aware of the hazards in the country. In Canada, however, as of 2001, there are barely any government-funded programs geared toward seismic risks research. Although economically, politically and technologically similar countries can easily learn from this review on resilience, it is important to recognize that there are limitations.
Originality/value
– The research provides a unique point of view into three different cases of earthquake occurred recently in developed economies. The analysis presented in the paper focuses on social resilience, governance and people’s reaction to the disaster which is vital for disaster risk reduction strategies and programs development as well as implementation.
