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The industrial internet of things (IIoT) known as industry 4.0, is the use of internet of things technologies, via the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), to enhance manufacturing and industrial processes. It incorporates machine learning and big data technologies, to allow machine-to-machine communication that have existed for years in the industrial w...
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... 6 shows a transmission to a single transmitter and five receivers. The sent data is detected and restored at the 7th output of each DWPT receiver, as shown in Figure 7. ...
Context 2
... concept of this transmission is to activate a single input i of the transmitter and deactivate the others (set them to zero) ( Figure 6). On reception, the data was detected at the output i, for each receiver (Figure 7). All binary data were modulated by pulse modulation using the 'Symlet' wavelet. ...
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In the industrial world, a trend towards connected, robotic and intelligent factories is in constant development to face competition from countries with low production costs. The industrial revolution ‘Industry 4.0’ is considerably reducing the boundaries between the physical and digital worlds. This has given rise to interconnected factories in wh...
Citations
... Most of the research in this area has focused on integrating two types of wireless network communication protocols, also focused on various other methodologies. Among these, mention the expansion of the capabilities of ZigBee protocol nodes with other protocols such as GSM [4]- [6] and Wi-Fi [7]; WSN integration with WLAN [8]; WSN integration with IoT [9] and others. The scope of WSN is wide and varied, and the choice of standard depends on the requirements for the communication system. ...
... Wavelet packet modulation (WPM) has proven to be an efficient technique with interesting features, such as adaptability and flexibility, and improved characteristics compared to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). WPM and filter banks can generate orthogonal pulses in frequency and time, allowing them to be integrated into flexible wireless communications systems based on multicarrier modulation [11,12], which has been realized and physically verified by hardware implementation on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) [13,14]. The choice of the right wave allows us to reach the optimum owing to the property of the systems' time-frequency multiresolution. ...
With the evolution of applications, the implementation of processing algorithms has become more difficult due to the requirements in terms of throughput and complexity, which make the existing coding/decoding architectures unsuitable due to their insufficient computing capacity. Our objective in this paper is to analyze/study the integration of error-correcting codes into a functional digital architecture based on the inverse discrete wavelet packet transform (IDWPT) in transmission, and the discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) in reception (known as discrete wavelet packet modulation). In our proposed architecture, we have exploited two transmission strategies: (i) one-to-many (OtM) for transmission between a single transmitter and multiple sensors, (ii) and a many-to-one (MtO) mode for transmission between multiple users and a single receiver. To improve the transmission quality with the same configuration, we have integrated corrective codes, in particular the different families of Reed Solomon and convolutional codes. This architecture offers a very high processing power and a versatility in terms of flexibility and configurability adapted to very noisy environments, especially industrial ones. The use of error-correcting codes improves the quality of the transmission compared to the state of the art. Where we have achieved a gain of 4 to 6dB for Reed Solomon coding and convolutional codes used individually, 5 to 10dB with the combination of these two codes and 2 to 4dB more for shortened Reed Solomon codes.
... Furthermore, the interference caused by other wireless devices operating within the same frequency band also affects the overall performance of communication. Wireless communications have interfered with high noise levels produced by electromagnetic emissions from numerous industrial sources, such as large equipment, strong generators, and lasers [14,15]. ...
LoRa technology, renowned for its low-power, long-range capabilities in IoT applications, faces challenges in real-world scenarios, including fading channels, interference, and environmental obstacles. This paper aims to study the reliability of LoRa in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions and in noisy and mobile environments for Industrial IoT (IIoT) applications. Experimental measurements consider factors like vegetation and infrastructure, introducing mobility to replicate NLoS conditions. Utilizing an open-source LoRa Physical Layer (PHY) Software-Defined Radio (SDR) prototype developed with GNU Radio, we assess communication reliability through metrics such as Block Error Rate (BLER), Signal-to-Noise-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), and data rate. The study reveals the estimated overall reliability of the LoRa signal at 90.23%, emphasizing specific configuration details. This work contributes to the broader field of LoRa communication, encompassing hardware, software, protocols, and management, enhancing our understanding of LoRa’s dependability in challenging IIoT environments.
... The ability to provide long-range communication at low power consumption makes LoRa technology a wise choice for IIoT applications. However, industrial environments are often noisy, with sources of electromagnetic noise such as electronic equipment, communications equipment, and heavy machinery, which can have a negative impact on the performance of this technology [22]. Studies have been carried out to assess LoRa's performance in these environments, such as the work in [23], whose authors examined the effect of industrial and AWGN noise on LoRa communication systems. ...
... Typically, in industrial environments, nodes are arranged in a LOS configuration. The authors in [22,39] carried out several channel propagation measurements in different industrial environments. Their measurements showed that in an industrial environment, the Rice distribution, Rayleigh, and normal Log ...
... Typically, in industrial environments, nodes are arranged in a LOS configuration. The authors in [22,39] carried out several channel propagation measurements in different industrial environments. Their measurements showed that in an industrial environment, the Rice distribution, Rayleigh, and normal Log characteristics are tracked by the time envelope of the signal received at a fixed point. ...
LoRa technology is being integrated into industrial applications as part of Industry 4.0 owing to its longer range and low power consumption. However, noise, interference, and the fading effect all have a negative impact on LoRa performance in an industrial environment, necessitating solutions to ensure reliable communication. This paper evaluates and compares LoRa’s performance in terms of packet error rate (PER) with and without forward error correction (FEC) in an industrial environment. The impact of integrating an infinite impulse response (IIR) or finite impulse response (FIR) filter into the LoRa architecture is also evaluated. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB at 868 MHz with a bandwidth of 125 kHz and two spreading factors of 7 and 12. Many-to-one and one-to-many communication modes are considered, as are line of sight (LOS) and non-line of Sight (NLOS) conditions. Simulation results show that, compared to an environment with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), LoRa technology suffers a significant degradation of its PER performance in industrial environments. Nevertheless, the use of forward error correction (FEC) contributes positively to offsetting this decline. Depending on the configuration and architecture examined, the gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using a 4/8 coding ratio ranges from 7 dB to 11 dB. Integrating IIR or FIR filters also boosts performance, with additional SNR gains ranging from 2 dB to 6 dB, depending on the simulation parameters.
... Mobile, televisions, radio, telemedicine systems are considered among the most significant communication systems in which information security is of great importance. During the recent years, several methods have been proposed to increase information security in telecommunication systems [37,38], among which encryption techniques are considered as one of the most important techniques to enhance information security in telecommunication systems [33]. In the field of secure communication, the method of synchronization of chaotic systems is used, in which the chaotic masking model is used for secure data transmission [13,14]. ...
The main goal of this paper is to design a finite time multiple synchronization controller for fractional order hyper chaotic Rikitate systems. In this article, systems are considered with unknown delays and unknown parameters and synchronization is performed in the presence of disturbance and uncertainty. In the proposed method, adaptive rules for estimating unknown parameters, disturbance bounds and uncertainties as well as control efforts for synchronization in finite time are obtained with the help of Lyapunov’s stability theorem. Synchronization errors have converged to zero in finite time. Also, the encryption performance of images and their transmission was investigated based on the proposed multi-mode synchronization algorithm. Additionally, the histogram diagram of several encrypted images was shown based on the synchronization techniques of the fractional-order Rikitake system. A number of statistical parameters including histogram, correlation, NPCR, UACI, PSNR, and information entropy were calculated for the encrypted images in order to indicate the performance and compare the two proposed synchronization methods. Finally, satisfactory results in different image encryption were achieved based on the synchronization technique of the fractional-order Rikitake chaotic system.
... Recently, many countries around the world have issued their own advanced manufacturing development strategies in order to realize intelligent manufacturing, which integrates cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), and big data. Some examples include industrial Internet in the USA [1], and industrial 4.0 in Germany [2], as well as "made in China 2025" and "Internet + " in China [3]. To reach this goal, digital twin has been introduced as one of the most promising technologies, which is good at realizing interactive integration of the physical world and the information world of manufacturing [4]. ...
Digital twin is a technology that integrates multi-physical, multi-scale, and multi-disciplinary attributes. At the same time, it has the characteristics of real-time synchronization, faithful mapping, and high fidelity. It can realize the interaction and integration of physical world and information world. In recent years, digital twin technology has attracted the attention of academic and business circles, especially its application. Based on this background, this paper summarizes the concept and evolution of digital twin, studies the application tools and platforms of digital twin, and discusses the relationship between digital twin and related technologies. Then we focus on the application scenarios of digital twin, and summarize the new trends and requirements of digital twin application. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the practice of digital twin concept and technology in related fields in the future.
... Recientemente, muchos países de todo el mundo han emitido sus propias estrategias de desarrollo de la fabricación avanzada con el fin de realizar la fabricación inteligente, que integra la computación en la nube, el Internet de las cosas (IoT) y Big Data. Algunos ejemplos son el Internet industrial en Estados Unidos [1], la industria 4.0 en Alemania [2], así como "made in China 2025" e "Internet+" en China [3]. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se ha introducido el concepto de gemelo digital (Digital Twin -DT) como una de las tecnologías más prometedoras ya que es una tecnología idónea para conseguir la integración interactiva del mundo físico y el mundo de la información de la fabricación [4]. ...
La globalización de los mercados y la exigencia cada vez mayor de los clientes ha hecho que la industria evolucione hacia lo que se conoce como industria 4.0. Las fábricas, conocidas como SmartFactories, tienen la posibilidad de tomar decisiones en tiempo real, teniendo para ello conocimiento de cómo se encuentran. Un concepto clave para conseguir dichos objetivos, son los Gemelos Digitales (DT). Un DT consiste en una representación virtual de la realidad a lo largo de las diferentes fases del ciclo de vida de un producto. Hoy en día existen en el mercado diferentes productos propietarios que combinan aplicaciones propietarias que rara vez pueden ser intercambiables o combinables. Además del coste de dichos productos se le añade la incompatibilidad de unos con otros por lo que se considera necesaria una plataforma abierta que permita la generación de Gemelos Digitales. Este trabajo, propone una plataforma de código abierto y las directrices para la generación de DT de estaciones que formarán parte de un proceso de producción.
... Today, many people use digital communications in daily activities, changing this field into one of the most special human needs [1][2][3]. Additionally, digital communications facilitate commerce in different industrial and medical contexts [4,5]. In that regard, information security is vital. ...
This paper investigates the robust adaptive synchronization of multi-mode fractional-order chaotic systems (MMFOCS). To that end, synchronization was performed with unknown parameters, unknown time delays, the presence of disturbance, and uncertainty with the unknown boundary. The convergence of the synchronization error to zero was guaranteed using the Lyapunov function. Additionally, the control rules were extracted as explicit continuous functions. An image encryption approach was proposed based on maps with time-dependent coding for secure communication. The simulations indicated the effectiveness of the proposed design regarding the suitability of the parameters, the convergence of errors, and robustness. Subsequently, the presented method was applied to fractional-order Chen systems and was encrypted using the chaotic masking of different benchmark images. The results indicated the desirable performance of the proposed method in encrypting the benchmark images.
... The model retains all terms of the stress tensor and uses the Glen-type power law to calculate the viscosity. The model was applied to Storglaciären in Sweden to explore the dynamics of the glacier and the characteristics of the model [6]. Although this experiment has reached certain guiding conclusions, there are unavoidable errors, which need to be further improved. ...
... Measuring the magnetic field intensity in the UAV coordinate system by a magnetic field meter: set h n = ½h x n h y n h z n t , and get H n = ½H x n H y n H z n t after normalization. After the geomagnetic field is transformed by the attitude transformation matrix, we can get 6 Mobile Information Systems ...
This article is to study the application and optimization of UAV remote sensing technology in the construction of smart farms. Multiparty calculations, circuit design, remote sensing, and remote control are used wirelessly, with a wide field of vision and easy evasion. Its transmitting frequency, transmitting power, interference electromagnetic wave intensity, receiving sensitivity, and gain coefficient are all factors that affect wireless remote sensing. Stress and strain are also important factors for the timely response and control of remote sensing technology. This article first outlines smart farms and drones, and then describes how to design drone circuits. Its smallest UAV circuit design includes UAV reset circuit, UAV crystal oscillator circuit, UAV upgrade circuit, UAV PPM decoding module circuit diagram, and then explains the attitude calculation and complementary filtering of the multiwing UAV. The complementary filtering algorithm is applied to the attitude calculation, and the error is reduced through the analysis of the coordinate system, the quaternion method, and the calculation of Euler angles. Then establish a wireless communication propagation model for smart farmland monitoring. Among them, the Egli model is selected. After data monitoring, it is obvious that the Egli model can monitor higher path loss, higher accuracy, and stronger propagation strength. Then through experiments, the static data of the two different tail transmissions under different loads are analyzed, the stress-strain trend line is observed, and the performance of the two transmission systems is analyzed. It can be seen that under the same conditions, the bevel gear tail transmission system has higher comprehensive performance, good reaction force characteristics, and excellent stress-strain performance. The power ratio of the synchronous belt tail drive system is 31.22, and the power ratio of the bevel gear is 29.52, a difference of 5.76%. The power ratio wind speed value of the tail part of the timing belt is 0.01014, and the power ratio wind speed value of the bevel gear is 0.009851, a difference of 2.93%.
... The feature extraction in time frequency domain have gained much attention in comparison with feature extraction in time and frequency domains for both academic and industrial applications. Fault sensitive features have been e ciently generated by implementing continuous wavelet transform (CWT) [9], wavelet packet transform (WPT) [10], comblet transform (CT) [11], discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [12], second generation wavelet transform and other tools of time frequency domain. Considering feature extraction in one domain, many of the researchers have been contributing for detecting the faults in machinery in di erent domains. ...
Recently, researchers are investing more fervently in fault diagnosis area of electrical machines. The users and manufacturers of these various efforts are strong to contain diagnostic features in software for improving reliability and scalability. Internet of Things (IoT) has grown immensely and contributing for the development of recent technological advancements in industries, medical and various environmental applications. It provides efficient processing power through cloud, and presents various new opportunities for industrial automation by implementing IoT and industrial wireless sensor networks. The process of regular monitoring enables early detection of machine faults and hence beneficial for Industrial automation by providing efficient process control. The performance of fault detection and its classification by implementing machine-learning algorithms highly dependent on the amount of features involved. The accuracy of classification will adversely affect by the dimensionality features increment. To address these problems, the proposed work presents the extraction of relevant features based on oriented sport vector machine (FO-SVM). The proposed algorithm is capable for extracting the most relevant feature set and hence presenting the accurate classification of faults accordingly. The extraction of most relevant features before the process of classification results in higher classification accuracy. Moreover it is observed that the lesser dimensionality of propose process consumes less time and more suitable for cloud. The experimental analysis based on the implementation of proposed approach provides and solution for the monitoring of machine condition and prediction of fault accurately based on cloud platform using industrial wireless sensor networks and IoT service.
