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From a Biomechanical point of view, Judo competition is an intriguing complex nonlinear system, with many chaotic and fractals aspects, It is also the test bed in which all coaching capabilities and athlete's performances are evaluated and put to the test. Competition is the moment of truth of all conditioning time, preparation and technical work,...
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Citations
... Related researches point out that to win the competitions, the technical and tactical preparation from the judo athletes are the key factors (8)(9)(10)(11)(12); therefore, more researchers have observed, recorded, analyzed, and evaluated the process of the top competitions, and these effective researches and the statistical results can apply into the actual competitions (13). The obtained information can monitor the training plan and have further prepared the techniques and tactics of each athlete, thereby improving the efficiency of preparation for the subsequent stages of competitions (14) to improve the athletes' athletic performance. ...
... Hence, more and more often researchers are observing, documenting, analysing and assessing the course of bouts during top-level tournaments. Effects of such research are important for both the theory and the practice of judo, as the statistical findings should result in practical applications [19,25]. The obtained information allows monitoring of the training programmes and further individuation of the tactical and technical preparation of athletes of this discipline, which can raise the efficiency of preparation for subsequent stages of the sports competition. ...
... Such authors as Loison as well as Sacripanti and Pasculli present in their studies additional possibilities of analysing a judo fight that would allow other characteristics of judo athletes' technical-tactical preparation to be defined [19,25]. All this research enables improvement of the efficiency of preparing athletes for competition. ...
Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine the value of indices characterizing the efficiency in attack and in defence in Judo influencing the course and the outcome of Japanese and Russian representatives’ fights. Material and methods: Research material comprised the results of observations and an analysis of bouts of Japanese (n = 15, 124 bouts) and Russian (n = 16, 103 bouts) athletes during the World Championships in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The observed athletes’ bouts were with different opponents. The collected material allowed determination of the value of the efficiency in attack indices (Sa) of groups of judo techniques and the indices in defence (So) characterising Japanese and Russian representatives’ opponents. The techniques dominant among the observed athletes were identified. Results: The Japanese were characterised by significantly higher values of the efficiency in attack indices resulting from throws, in particular, foot throws. The efficiency in defence in both teams was significantly lower when applying holds rather than throws. Representatives of Russia also had high efficiency in applying joint locks and low efficiency in defensive actions. Conclusion: Sports results obtained by representatives of both teams were connected not only with the efficiency of their defensive actions, but also with the type and efficiency of the techniques dominant in attack
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... This could go a long way to bridging the gap between British judoka and the leading judo countries of the world. Sacripanti and Pasculli (2009) believe that such research is essential in all ranges of sport science, from a coaching perspective to a biomechanical standpoint; however they state that good research within this field hasn't been used to its full potential. ...
In order to quantify the use of technical throwing techniques in British Judo, the 2013 Junior and Senior British Championships were subject to analysis. 292 competitors of differing age and gender, competing in 558 contests under the 2010 – 2012 IJF rules, were analysed using SportsCode Pro software and publically available video footage. The overall aim was to develop a technical profile for standing techniques in British Judo, looking primarily at technique type and throw efficiency. The data exemplified that British judoka most effectively use foot techniques (ashi-waza) to obtain scores, with uchi-mata (inner thigh throw) proving to be the most efficient technique in the British repertoire. Males and females, juniors and seniors execute differing techniques; however only junior males provided data that didn't match the overall trend, with te-waza (hand throws) and seoi-nage (shoulder throw) being the highest scoring and most efficient.
... [52] Fig . 50. Trajectory of a capture particle similar to Tori's throwing inward trajectory in judo interaction [52] Almost-Plastic collision of extended bodies. ...
... evaluation gives a confirmation of the previous Hypothesis validated by experimental data Fig 49. Numerical reconstruction of Brownian Paths.[50] ...
In this invited lecture the biomechanical analysis of tactical tools utilized by top athletes in high level competition is presented. In the first part, the lecture starts with a very short summary of the researches carried out on biomechanics, thermal exchange and metabolic energy expenditure related to judo throwing techniques. These data elicit the division in more and less energetically expensive and in most and least efficient techniques in term of mechanical power applied. Both these divisions are strictly connected to the biomechanical classification of throws in Lever and Couple. All Judo throwing techniques: classic, innovative and chaotic are particular ways to gain some vantage by forces, in space or time, with some specific movements based on: the two physical principles underlying the throwing techniques (Lever and Couple), the athletes' body shape and structure, the referee rules, the ways to transfer energy, and so on. The whole biomechanics of throws is analyzed concisely, pointing out the classification and singling out the most important mechanical aspects After this introduction of the most important current researches and tendency of technical-tactical actions, the analysis of tactical attacks and the biomechanics of tools utilized, is exploited. Researchers in the world usually consider three tactical attack modalities of the adversary: direct attack, combination and action reaction attack. Accordingly, in this lecture, some results obtained by different researchers in each of these modalities are compared. In the second part it is developed the specific analysis of the technical-tactical support tools. These tools allow to enhance the effectiveness of the athletes' special throwing techniques (Tokui Waza), increasing the probability to obtain Ippon. Besides these support tools, we consider also what coaches and athletes realize as so important: the so called " Technical Psychology " : the use of some specific technical actions or new throws to increase psychological pressure and astonishment in the adversary, in order to obtain Ippon.
... For the "Couple" group the role played is almost "monotonous" (the application of force parallel into the "Couple" produced generally by system leg/s -arm/s or two arms), for the techniques of lever system throws, biomechanics allows us to identify the specific, more complex, role played by both superior and inferior kinetic chains. In respect of the definitions previously discussed and utilized for the General Action Invariants, we can call these specific movements or actions "Specific Action Invariants (SAI)", which can be divided into Superior Specific Action Invariants (SSAI) and Inferior Specific Action Invariants (ISAI) [12,14,18]. Biomechanics then is able to also explain how these Invariants principles work during the process of applying jūdō throwing techniques. ...
... In any way in the Second Sacripanti Model it was already shown that the Couple of Athletes system in jūdō competition moves according to a fractional Brownian motion. Nevertheless, we have already discussed this in detail elsewhere [7,11,[14][15][16][17][18] ...
In this paper we provide an appraisal of the scientific foundations of the
Olympic sport "judo" from a Western perspective, i.e. a biomechanical
reassessment of the basic teaching tools of the foundations of Jigoro Kano's
Kodokan judo. The core of judo functional organization is the triad made up by
the "Kuzushi-Tsukuri-Kake" movement. Kuzushi (unbalance), tsukuri (entry and
proper fitting of Tori's [the actor] body into the position prior to the
throwing phase), and kake (execution of the judo throwing action) occur as one
effective movement without separation. Biomechanical analysis is able to
broaden and deepen these steps proposed by Kan\=o, who for didactic reasons had
separated the whole movement into three steps, as was pointed out previously by
old Japanese biomechanical studies. The results of our biomechanical
reassessment support: The importance of broadening the unbalance concept to the
dynamic situation.Singling out the existence of two classes of paths and
trajectories called "Action Invariants". The first, "General Action
Invariants", are connected to the whole body motion for shortening the distance
in the kuzushi/tsukuri phase; the second one, the "Specific Action Invariants",
are connected to the superior and inferior kinetic chains motion and right
positioning connected to both the kuzushi and tsukuri phases.The existence of
two basic physical principles of throwing in according to a new
classification.In a clear way the basic mechanical steps of all throws, and
also show hidden connections, similarities and differences among judo throwing
techniques, making this reassessment particularly useful from a didactic point
of view. Demonstrate that this biomechanical approach is also able to
understand how new and innovative technical variations are born.Our
reassessment helps clarifying his concept and facilitates teachers and coaches
in their professional work.
The aim of this paper is to propose the DTW-based signal comparison method that allows comparing motion capture (MoCap) measurements obtained from athletes even with different body proportions. We have applied the proposed framework to evaluate how repetitive are popular karate kicks performed by skilled athletes. The repetition level is defined with DTW distances and alignments of preprocessed MoCap data of a single activity performed by the same person. This knowledge is an important step to prepare tabularized norms which can be used as very useful tool by sport society to improve the training with the aid of modern computer methods. With those norms we can tell which DTW distances are typical for highly skilled karateka. The maximal distance between two aligned trajectories might differs from 9.36 ± 2.08 cm for to even 29.21 ± 16.5 cm. This last situation is caused by the fact that a person can perform the same kick with large nonlinear temporal displacements of actions phase, however, we have to remember, that those displacements happen in time periods of about 0.05 seconds in length. The results we obtained are very important because they show what range values one should expect from this kind of comparison and might be a reference for other scientists.
In this invited lecture the biomechanical analysis of tactical tools utilized
by top athletes in high level competition is presented. In the first part, the
lecture starts with a very short summary of the researches carried out on
biomechanics, thermal exchange and metabolic energy expenditure related to judo
throwing technique. In the second part it is developed the specific analysis of
the technical tactical support tools.These tools allow to enhance the
effectiveness of the athletes special throwing techniques,Tokui Waza,increasing
the probability to obtain Ippon. The last part of the lecture emphasizes,the
physics and biomechanics connected to judo competition that is defined as:an
interacting complex nonlinear system, with chaotic and fractals aspect.This
system must be analyzed studying the motion of couple of athletes system and
evaluating their interaction,throws.Brownian tools are today the actual most
sophisticated way of modeling motion in competition, starting from fractals
till to multifractals aspects.If we study the specific mechanics of several
throwing action in real competitions we can face some interesting physical
aspects not totally well known, like almost plastic collision between extended
bodies and for some Lever techniques we have to solve dynamical problem of
bodies with variable mass that differs from the well known Classical Mechanics
with constant mass. In effect, in such a situation,the general methodological
approach of mechanics must be properly modified; considering a deformable body
with a finite extension, where special emphasis is given to the variable
rotational inertia during throw, with interesting consequences about balance,
linear and rotational momentum and motion of center of mass.
This paper is an ideal continuation of the previous one - How to enhance
effectiveness of Direct Attack Judo throws -in it there are analyzed the two
following parts of Judo tactics in high level competitions: combination, and
action-reaction. The paper start with a review of the Japanese approach to
Initiative ( Sen) and follows by the biomechanical view of the same subject.
High level competitions are the main argument not only of coaches match
analysis , but also of a lot of scientific researches. However the connection
between these two field that analyze the same subject is very hard . A lot of
information are not easily transfer to coaching area. In this paper the effort
to give coaching useful information is the primary aspect also at detriment of
some formal mechanical information. After a new Operative Classification of
throwing techniques , the biomechanical analysis of combination and
action-reaction tricks flows in easy way singling out some interesting finding,
useful for coaches. With this effort the biomechanical analysis of judo
Interaction in high level competition could be considered completed
