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... devices are added from the delivered building such as wireless sensors (433MHz, ZigBee, EnOcean, DeltaDore). In SmartGreen 2014, Abras has presented the interoperability framework that we have developed in order to manage this interoperability through web-services (Figure 10 In 2013, Dang has presented the optimal control of laptops charging/discharging to fit photovoltaic production (Figure 11, . This experiment was done in our previous building and will be deployed in the new one since it allows load shedding and photovoltaic energy storage. ...
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Citations
... The GreEn-ER building is a multi-use tertiary building used for teaching and research that was completed in 2015 [18]. In addition to its classrooms, auditoriums, offices, and laboratories, it also features a restaurant and a library. ...
... The GreEn-ER building was conceived as low-energy building to teach and show how energy should be managed. There was also the intention of setting up a living lab where different energy control and management strategies can be tested out [18]. The fruition of the project involved a public-private partnership which leveraged Eiffage for the daily energy management through a building performance agreement [19]. ...
The proliferation of sensors in buildings has given us access to more data than before. To shepherd this rise in data, many open data lifecycles have been proposed over the past decade. However, many of the proposed lifecycles do not reflect the necessary complexity in the built environment. In this paper, we present a new open data lifecycle model: Open Energy Data Lifecycle (OPENDAL). OPENDAL builds on the key themes in more popular lifecycles and looks to extend them by better accounting for the information flows between cycles and the interactions between stakeholders around the data. These elements are included in the lifecycle in a bid to increase the reuse of published datasets. In addition, we apply the lifecycle model to the datasets from the GreEn-ER building, a mixed-use education building in France. Different use cases of these datasets are highlighted and discussed as a way to incentivise the use of data by other individuals.
... Academics are also seen to contribute their expertise and insights to the collaborative process, acting as incorporators (Attour et al., 2015) and capacity builders (Delinchant et al., 2016). ...
This thesis critically examines academic perceptions of university Campus Living Labs (CLLs) to advance sustainability in UK Higher Education. Universities are uniquely positioned to drive societal change towards more sustainable futures. Whilst integrating sustainability into universities presents both challenges and opportunities, the emerging 'Campus Living Lab' (CLL) model offers a promising approach, leveraging the university campus to blend research, teaching, and operations for sustainability. Academics, as central stakeholders, play a pivotal role in the success of the CLL. However, there is currently limited understanding of how they perceive CLLs, what motivates their engagement, and how they understand the CLLs role in sustainability.
Through semi-structured interviews with 11 academics, this study develops the academic viewpoint on CLLs in three ways. First, it investigates how academics conceptualise CLLs, revealing contested conceptions reflecting disciplinary differences. Yet, recurring, and shared notions around 'boundedness,' 'people,' and 'learning' were identified. Secondly, it investigates the challenges hindering academic adoption of CLLs in Higher Education and offers up potential solutions. Barriers, including rigid workloads and funding constraints, were identified, as well as disciplinary silos and misaligned incentives to adopt CLLs. Despite these challenges, with the right support, academics displayed a cautious, pragmatic optimism towards the CLLs potential for academic adoption. Lastly, the research explores the transformative potential of CLLs as perceived by academics, which was seen to be contingent on authentic sustainability commitment by Higher Education Institutions. This thesis makes an original contribution by highlighting factors shaping academic perceptions of CLLs for sustainability, where it may offer insights to inform strategies for motivating academic participation and planning for their design or implementation in the future.
... The other meters concern internal and external conditions and thermic energy data among other variables. The measured data are used to control the internal conditions regarding the comfort of the occupants and to monitor the consumption (Delinchant et al., 2016). ...
... This platform, represented in the early drawing by the branch with the acronym "TD2-DEM-40," is even more monitored than the rest of the building. In this sector, the lightning and the outlets of each room is measured independently (Delinchant et al., 2016). ...
The increased use of intermittent renewable energy sources makes the use of machine learning methods combined with demand-side management more and more frequent. Machine learning algorithms rely on data to identify patterns and learn insights. Hence, data availability is of utmost importance, and the more, the merrier. Therefore, this data report aims to present a dataset concerning the electricity consumption of a tertiary building located in the French Alps region (Grenoble) in 2017 and 2018. It is a massively monitored and controlled building with about 330 electricity meters, whose measurement data constitute the dataset. The data were collected directly from the building management system and correspond to raw data, without any pre-treatment. The dataset also includes Python notebooks that allow for understanding the system design, navigating the data, and performing some simple analyses. This is a publicly available dataset that tries to fill the gap of the availability of electricity consumption data, especially regarding tertiary buildings.
... Building The setting for the experiment was a university building showcase for smart energy management, which is part of the Presquîle eco-district in Grenoble (INP, 2018;Delinchant et al., 2016). 5 G2ELab's Predis-MHI platform has been designed and developed since 2008 to monitor energy use in real-life situations (Dang et al., 2013). ...
... 5 G2ELab's Predis-MHI platform has been designed and developed since 2008 to monitor energy use in real-life situations (Dang et al., 2013). Since 2016, version 2 of Predis-MHI has been used within the GreEn-ER building and is positioned as a living lab in which it is possible to experiment and innovate in connection with the occupants (Delinchant et al., 2016). This 23,000-m 2 building accommodates approximately 2000 people; the majority of the people are students, while some are technical and administrative staff members and researchers. ...
To increase the share of intermittent renewable energy in our production mix, occupants of buildings can be called upon to lower, anticipate or postpone their consumption according to the network balance. This article presents a small-scale field experiment aimed at introducing demand response in the workplace. We test the impact of load-shedding signals assorted with incentives on the energy consumption of workers in the tertiary sector. Two incentive schemes are tested, namely, an honorary contest and a monetary tournament. The results show a reduction in workers power demand during the load-shedding periods when the incentives are based on the honorary contest. In contrast, the monetary tournament where workers can win money according to their behavior seems to have no impact. The results also suggest that few workers can be responsible for a large part of energy consumption while the building is partially automatically controlled.
... Interdisciplinary modules [12]; bachelors programs across faculties of natural and social sciences, and humanities [123]; new face-to-face and online courses, student advisory groups [124]; Master's level training programs linked to an embedded energy testing infrastructure [87] Anchored LL-based learning as a regular part of the curriculum [14]; staff developing collaborative teaching skills, such as instruction, advice, monitoring processes, and facilitating reflection [120] Student projects, thesis, and internships Student capstone projects [101,117]; Master's and PhD projects [65,93] Academic internships and research projects integrated in LLs [108]; development of active pedagogy, acquisition of cooperative learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving [105], systems thinking and co-creation skills [54]; increased awareness of sustainability [121], and energy efficiency and green technologies [88] Knowledge transfer Technologies Telemedicine solutions [135]; virtual reality environments and training programs, way-finding technologies, and intelligent wheelchairs [138]; optical networks [127]; regional ICT infrastructure [71] Improvement in open and transparent urban governance; building of urban heritage communities [134]; enabling innovation through interactive knowledge co-production as alternatives to corporate-driven, technologically deterministic smart city narratives [98]; municipal innovation [109]; increased awareness among citizens of sustainability in personal environments [75] Digital platforms and services E-Senior platform comprising e-learning courses and the crowdsourcing module [69]; high-tech platform for public transportation [95] Campus technology and facilities ...
Living labs (LLs) have emerged as an interface for higher education institutions to collaborate with companies, citizens, non-profit and government organizations to address a variety of problems around social challenges and sustainable development. In this systematic literature review, we summarize the existing knowledge on how universities shape and manage the LLs they are associated with and how they align with their core missions of education and research and—in particular—their social missions. Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic literature review (SLR), we analyzed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters published between 2008 and 2020, capturing 93 university-governed LL experiences from across the world. Our findings show that LLs are developing from bottom-up initiatives, often at the fringe of higher education institutions, towards more self-standing entities implementing strategies to undertake social outreach activities. LLs require their host universities to intensify the relationships with their stakeholders and work on capacity building and focus on inter- and transdisciplinary research methodologies. Finally, our literature review points to the need for further research on the hybrid governance approaches displayed by LLs, particularly looking at the roles and responsibilities of academics involved in managing LL initiatives.
... The Presqu'île district is an eco-district being developed in the Grenoble Metropolitan area with a goal of 30% energy reduction in comparison to current thermal regulations in France (Ville de Grenoble, 2021). GreEn-ER is a 5-story building with each floor having a surface area of 4500 m 2 with an average occupancy of 2000 people (Delinchant et al., 2016)]. For this study, we consider the Predis-MHI platform, which is a platform, dedicated to the study of building occupant behaviors and advancement of the smart building concept. ...
... For this study, we consider the Predis-MHI platform, which is a platform, dedicated to the study of building occupant behaviors and advancement of the smart building concept. The platform was developed to achieve Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) status and is used as a living lab for both teaching and research activities (Delinchant et al., 2016). ...
The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for assessing the impact of direct and indirect flexibilities on the self-consumption of office buildings. The goal is to assess how both the human actors and technical interventions can affect or mitigate deviations in the self-consumption level of a building from its optimal. This paper considers the Predis-MHi platform (a living lab) as a representative case study and applies a Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization to manage both the direct (stationary battery charging) and indirect flexibilities (Electric Vehicle charging when users plug and unplug their vehicles). Our results indicate that the potential for a building’s self-consumption improvement using indirect flexibilities does exist and can be quantified. However, this type of flexibility is highly dependent on human actors which presents a high level of uncertainty and is difficult to account for in all stages of a building’s development and use. Direct flexibilities such as stationary battery storage can be used to mitigate the undesired effects of having significant levels of indirect flexibilities on a tertiary sector building’s energy performance. The results from this study could potentially be modeled into an indicator, which would serve to influence occupant behavior towards a desired optimal.
... The other meters concern internal and external conditions, thermic energy data, etc. The measured data are used to control the internal conditions, regarding the comfort of the occupants and to monitor the consumption [36,37]. ...
Following the recent European directives highlighting the need to increase energy efficiency in the European Union, this work aims to show the possibility of using Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques to improve energy audits by estimating the compressed air leakage from a dataset of a tertiary building. The first step towards the reduction of energy consumption is performing an energy audit, in which a detailed analysis of the energy performance is executed. This analysis usually uses on-site measured data by the auditors. However, the time available for these measurements is limited and may not include some modes of operation. One example of that is the quantification of compressed air leaks. This task can be performed by estimating the flow rate during a no compressed air consumption period. However, these periods may not coincide with the auditors’ original schedule. This problem could be addressed by using historical data. Nevertheless, historical data from energy management systems usually are only available for global consumption, and rarely for individual appliances. In this context, a NILM approach would be helpful to enhance energy audits carrying analysis of modes of operation not included in the on-site measurements. In this paper, the leaks are firstly quantified using measurements mostly for benchmarking purposes. The results suggested 62% of leaks in the study case. In a second step, the Factorial Hidden Markov Model (FHMM) was applied to the data. Five typical working days, simulating the context of an energy audit, were used as training data, while one week during vacation time, with no compressed air consumption, was used to quantify the leaks. The results show that it was possible, in the context of an energy audit, to estimate the compressed air leakage using NILM techniques in this dataset with less than a 1% difference when compared to the estimation made with actual measurement. Finally, savings estimations considering the elimination of the leaks were performed, varying between 10% and 100% of the leakage repair. Considering the ideal scenario of complete leaks elimination, the savings would represent around 44% in the compressed air system and 4.75% of the current annual global consumption.
... This paper presented energy key factors and the capability of the building structures to improve sustainability. GreEn-ER is a 6 floors building comprising a space area of 4500 m² per floor for teaching / research platforms (Delinchant et al. 2016). Its design included application of a number of sustainable ideas. ...
... E-ISSN: 2685-3272 | P-ISSN 1412-0860 use natural convection, data server room releasing calories were reused to heat a facility, and forced convection in offices, low temperature supply and dual flow ventilation having high efficiency recovery, automated HVAC, lighting and blinding dependent on local sensors of CO2, temperature, illuminance, and inhabitancy, moderate energy use i.e. restricted cooling, no boiling water in restrooms, switching of power supply, moderate water use for example two-fifth of the water utilization is from rainwater and green rooftop. It predicted the total primary energy usage to be less than 2200 MWh / year that corresponds to 110 kWh/m2 (Delinchant et al. 2016). In GreEn-ER lab, PREDIS-MHI platform is an energy system with an area of a 600 m², specifically designed to reach zero energy buildings. ...
... Further measures were taken to make it a zero energy building. Installed photovoltaic panels on vehicles roof and building roof having a capacity of 20kW, combined heat & power (CHP) that may also heat the platform, electrical productions such as a fuel cell, storage capabilities, 50kWh stationary battery and optimal control solutions based on predictive models for both electrical and thermal equipment were tested in the living lab (Delinchant et al. 2016). Dimmable lighting, HVAC, blind, electric plug load efficiency, blind and switch were some of hundred measuring points and control that had been taken. ...
All the social, economic and industrial development depends on the availability of energy. Since energy demand is increasing exponentially throughout the world, more and more CO2 is being emitted out into the atmosphere, giving rise to global warming. Therefore, establishing a sustainable environment is becoming increasingly important. It has been found through research that domestic sector contributes a great deal to the rising energy consumption. Due to prevailing energy crisis, efforts are being made to reduce the increasing energy consumption and make efficient use of energy by making the buildings energy efficient. For this, realistic assessment of energy use patterns in existing houses and buildings is necessary to assure dataset accuracy. Living lab concept integrated with sensor technologies can be used for assessment of such patterns. This paper presents living lab concept for sensor-based energy performance assessment of Houses. First, detailed literature review to benchmark concepts of energy efficiency of buildings, living labs concept, sensor based assessment, energy audit, and application of living lab concept has been discussed. Thereafter, sensors based living lab assessment and living lab approach has been introduced as being utilized by the author in a research project for development of guidelines for energy efficient housing. The paper also highlights important parameters to be monitored that effect energy performance. The concept reflects usefulness of living lab concept for sensor-based energy performance assessment of houses that help in substantial reduction in the energy consumption. As such data can be utilized for both realistic energy simulations by improving level of development of models as well as better usage comparisons with modeled analysis, hence helping in identifying true and effective improvement measures
... It is also a massively monitored and controlled building with more than 1500 sensors, including about 330 electricity meters. These meters measure the consumption of the different loads in the building, such as lighting, electrical outlets, air handling units (AHUs), chillers, pumps, etc. [33]. The measured data are used to control the internal conditions and to monitor the energy consumption. ...
Buildings play a central role in energy transition, as they were responsible for 67.8% of the total consumption of electricity in France in 2017. Because of that, detecting anomalies (outliers) is crucial in order to identify both potential opportunities to reduce energy consumption and malfunctioning of the metering system. This work aims to compare the performance of several outlier detection methods, such as classical statistical methods (as boxplots) applied to the actual measurements and to the difference between the measurements and their predictions, in the task of detecting outliers in the power consumption data of a tertiary building located in France. The results show that the combination of a regression method, such as random forest, and the adjusted boxplot outlier detection method have promising potential in detecting this type of data quality problem in electricity consumption.
... Pour ce qui est du neuf, il est plus simple de considérer lors de sa conception sa résilience au changement climatique ainsi que la réduction des gaz à effet de serre. On peut alors penser à la conception d'un bâtiment comme GreEn-ER à Grenoble, représentatif des bâtiments à énergie positive, plateforme de test en matière de performances énergétiques, aussi bien thermique qu'électrique [13]. Cependant comme dit précédemment, le neuf ne représente qu'une minorité du futur existant (près de 65% des bâtiments de 2060 sont déjà construits). ...
Le changement climatique en œuvre est un enjeu crucial de notre siècle. Face à ses conséquences sur nos écosystèmes et notre société, les pouvoirs publics n’ont cessé de promulguer des réglementations en faveur d’une transition énergétique. Le secteur du bâtiment est un des principaux secteurs industriels émetteurs de gaz à effet de serre et son action est importante dans cette transition. Cela s’est traduit à l’échelle du bâtiment avec la mise en œuvre d’équipements à haute performance énergétique, mais l’impact de cette politique est surtout visible à l’échelle du quartier. De nouveaux systèmes de production d’énergie apparaissent, de nouveaux acteurs sont impliqués, des systèmes de stockage de l’énergie se diffusent. Ces changements amènent à reconsidérer les systèmes de gestion de l’énergie au niveau du quartier, les systèmes classiques, souvent réactifs, peinant à soutenir les nouvelles spécificités de ces réseaux. De plus, les systèmes de mesure se démocratisant, de nombreux flux de données deviennent exploitables et intégrables dans des méthodes de prédiction et de calibration de modèles physiques représentatifs des systèmes contrôlés. Dans ces conditions, les contrôleurs prédictifs à base de modèle ou MPC (Model Predictive Controller) deviennent envisageables et constituent une approche innovante et performante de gestion de l’énergie. Cependant, en dépit des nombreuses solutions développées à l’échelle de bâtiment ou du quartier, on observe un certain manque de généricité de cette approche.C’est dans ce contexte que les bases d’une plateforme de création de MPC a été créée dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse. Basée sur une architecture générique orienté objet, cette plateforme a pour but à terme de pouvoir proposer des stratégies de gestion optimisées pour n’importe quelle typologie de quartier, même si dans ces travaux, nous nous limiterons à montrer son efficacité à l’échelle d’un quartier d’une dizaine de bâtiments.Tout d’abord, les méthodes employées sont décrites à travers un exemple simple mais suffisamment représentatif pour intégrer des notions de prédictions, d’identification de modèle et des logiques de formulation différentes : il s’agit de la gestion de l’eau chaude sanitaire avec un ballon solaire thermique dans un logement d’habitation. Cet exemple permet alors de considérer les spécificités d’un MPC pour ensuite pouvoir proposer une architecture générique. Composée de différentes classes d’objets permettant la configuration du MPC, son initialisation, sa modélisation ou encore sa connexion avec le système contrôlé, elle permet alors de générer une stratégie de gestion optimale via l’orchestration des différents composants.Dans cette bibliothèque de modèles, la zone thermique est un composant essentiel. Son fonctionnement est décrit, en détaillant une procédure d’identification spécifique à base d’analyse de sensibilité, avec des variantes de modèles et des méthodes de prédiction différentes. Cette étape de test à l’échelle du bâtiment permet de valider la généricité et le potentiel de cette architecture. Des résultats de couplage avec un simulateur sont présentés afin d’en montrer l’efficacité.La dernière partie est consacrée à un cas d’étude démonstratif consistant en un quartier de petite taille composé d’une dizaine de bâtiments avec des utilisation différentes (logements et bureaux) alimentés en électricité par une centrale de production photovoltaïque en autoconsommation collective. On y décrit le processus de création automatique, basé sur un ensemble de modèles, permettant d’obtenir le MPC. L’influence des paramètres de configuration est testée, et ce modèle a valeur de preuve de concept.
