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Several workers have extensively worked out the metal induced toxicity and have reported the toxic and carcinogenic effects of metals in human and animals. It is well known that these metals play a crucial role in facilitating normal biological functions of cells as well. One of the major mechanisms associated with heavy metal toxicity has been att...
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... Consistent with these previous publications [41][42][43][44], our former study has confirmed the redox imbalance existing in the NaAsO 2 -exposed mice renal tissues [26]. In the current study, the curative effects of lactoferrin intervention against the redox imbalance in the NaAsO 2 -exposed mice renal tissues were evaluated by the biochemical assessments of these oxidant factors (MDA) and antioxidant markers (SOD and GSH), qRT-PCR of antioxidant-related genes (Sod2, Gpx, and catalase), and IHC staining of these antioxidants signaling pathway-related proteins (Keap1, Nrf2, and Gpx4). ...
It is said that a wide range of renal functions are at risk from arsenic exposure. We examined how lactoferrin administration may mitigate inflammation, apoptosis, redox imbalance, and fibrosis in order to counteract arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity. Accordingly, male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) were divided into six experimental groups with six mice in each group. The first and second groups were intragastrically administered normal saline and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) at 5 mg/kg body weight concentrations as the negative control (NC) and NaAsO2 groups. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were intragastrically administered lactoferrin at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight in addition to NaAsO2 at concentrations of 5 mg/kg body weight. The sixth group was intragastrically administered lactoferrin at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight with the experimental group set as the lactoferrin group. After daily drug administration for 4 weeks, the lactoferrin concentrations were optimized based on the results of renal index and renal function. Histopathological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed to evaluate the status of renal tissue architecture, redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis to confirm the alleviative effect of lactoferrin treatment against the NaAsO2 exposure-induced nephrotoxicity. The results confirmed that the 200 mg/kg lactoferrin treatment mitigated these arsenic effects and maintained the normal renal frameworks. Conclusively, disrupting the renal redox balance and triggering inflammation, apoptosis, along with fibrosis is a milieu that arsenic, robustly exerts its nephrotoxic effect. Lactoferrin, probably by its direct and indirect control mechanism on these said pathways, can mitigate the nephrotoxicity and preserve the normal renal health.
... A recent study has identified the natural chemical G15 as a potential Smad7 inducer, which raises the possibility that it might be effective in lowering heavy metal-induced lung cancer. However, due to the complexity of the TGF-β pathway, care must be used [189]. Its intricate function calls for careful consideration of potential negative effects. ...
... Oxidative stress mediated toxicity of heavy metals involves damage primarily to liver (hepatotoxicity), central nervous system (neurotoxicity), DNA (genotoxicity), and kidney (nephrotoxicity) in animals and humans. They are reported to impact signaling cascade and associated factors leading to apoptosis" [4]. ...
Aim: This study assessed levels of Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn and As in Brassica oleraceae (cabbage), Solanum tuberosum (Irish potatoes) and Daucus carota (carrot). Six samples were collected from each of the two irrigation farms. Samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Study Design: Six (6) samples of each vegetables, Brassica oleracea (cabbage), Solanum tuberosum (Irish potatoes) and Daucus carota (carrot) were obtained from irrigation farms situated at Lamingo and Russau. On each farm, 2 samples were collected thereby giving a total sample size of 36. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Research Laboratory between February and April 2021. Methods: Turkey-Kramer multiple comparison tests in a one-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the data obtained. Results: Samples of cabbage from Russau showed mean values for Zn, Pb and Fe levels thus: 32.80±0.62, 0.27±0.02, and 20±0.06 respectively. Samples from Lamingo had mean levels of Zn, Pb and Fe thus: 23.30±0.26, 0.07±0.02, and 0.08±0.03 in that order. The concentrations of Pb, Zn were above standard values (P=0.05) but Fe was not significant. The machine did not detect arsenic (As). Samples of cabbage from Russau contained higher levels of all the metals than those from Lamingo. In Irish potatoes, samples from Lamingo had mean levels of Pb, Cd, Zn and Fe as follows: 0.188±0.017, 0.36±0.037 16.105±4.16 and 0.082 respectively. The levels were significantly above (P=.05) standard values. In Carrots, levels of the metals in samples from Lamingo were 0.15±0.015, 0.14±0.015 and 0.88±0.018 respectively for Fe, Cd and Pb. Similarly, samples from Russau had 0.14±0.016, 0.20±0.022 and 1.04±0.031 respectively for Fe, Cd and Pb. Conclusion: Samples, especially those from Russau, contain zinc but they also contain cadmium, lead and iron which can predispose to their toxic effects.
... Consequently, this leads to an increase in free copper levels, resulting in toxicity and disturbances in the formation of Zn-Cu-SOD complexes. Additionally, Hg displaces zinc in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT), contributing to neurotoxicity [127]. ...
Objective and methods The main purpose of this review is to investigate the impact of mercury (Hg) on Human central nervous systems. The primary focus is on understanding the common signaling pathways associated with mercury-induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, the review places special emphasis on clarifying the mechanisms of toxicity linked to two major human neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Results and conclusion To achieve these objectives, the review explores the main mutant proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ), alpha-synuclein (aSyn), deglycase DJ-1 (DJ-1), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase (GBA) which are associated with the mentioned neurodegenerative diseases. In the final analysis, the review introduces structure-based therapeutic approaches against the mutated proteins, suggesting potential paths for modifying the impact of these neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, this review is highly instructive in developing structure-based therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases.
... Some of the inorganic materials that are widely studied in cattle that are reared in landfills are the presence of heavy metals lead and cadmium. Both of these heavy metals are very dangerous to human health when consuming polluted beef (Sharma et al., 2014). The difficulty in tracing the origins of cattle slaughtered at the slaughterhouse, so the presence of plastic waste in the rumen indicates that the rearing cattle are in an environment with a lot of inorganic material. ...
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Bali cattle rumen containing plastic waste and its impact on tissues and health risks. A total of 100 Bali cattle were investigated after being slaughtered at several traditional slaughterhouses in Denpasar City. Rumen samples were examined for any plastic waste, meanwhile blood, liver, kidney, lungs, spleen, intestine, and myocardium were collected for evaluation of heavy metals content and histopathological examination. The heavy metal measurement was performed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Those tissues for histopathological examination were fixed in buffer neutral formalin (BNF) and then evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results of the examination reported 9 rumens (9%) containing plastic waste. The hematological profile showed leucocytosis and the content of lead (0.841 ± 0.522 ppm). Histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, and intestine, were found in various types of degeneration, inflammation, and mild necrosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of plastic waste in the rumen of Bali cattle was 9%, with leucocytosis, lead content was 0.841 ± 0.522 ppm, and various histopathological lesions such as congestion, inflammation, and fatty degeneration in parenchymous tissues.
... Additionally, Cd has been linked to cancer and causes oxidative damage to blood and other tissues, which impairs the functionality of cellular membranes The development of a disturbance in the antioxidant state in biological systems is the most common and widely recognized strategy used by Cd. Free radical production is increased, and essential antioxidant enzyme activity is suppressed (Cuypers et al., 2010;Lushchak, 2011;Nair et al., 2013;Sharma et al., 2014). It also interferes with the regular functioning of several biological macromolecules, such as metallothionein and molecules containing sulfhydryl, which are vital to the healing process and protect live cells from free radical damage. ...
... Potential mechanism of bone disease caused by elevated Ba levels is unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress induced by excess Ba may have a significant impact on bone metabolism (Callaway and Jiang 2015;Hanzel and Verstraeten 2006;Puga Molina et al. 2018;Sharma et al. 2014). Previous research have revealed that ROS can promote osteoclast formation and activity (Callaway and Jiang 2015), and oxidative stress induced by ROS adversely affects bone homeostasis and promotes bone resorption (Altindag et al. 2008;Wauquier et al. 2009). ...
Previous studies have reported that exposures to metals are associated with bone health, but are mostly restricted to a few of the most frequent hazardous metals. The effects of barium (Ba) are not fully understood. A cross-sectional study involving 1532 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2016) was conducted. Generalized linear model (GLM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to evaluate the relationship of urinary Ba exposure with BMDs. According to the GLM analyses, urinary Ba was adversely correlated with total BMD (percent change: −0.75; 95% CI: −1.21, −0.29) and lumbar BMD (percent change: −0.76; 95% CI: −1.47, −0.04). Compared with the lowest tertile of Ba levels, the percentage change of T3 was −2.06 (−3.36, −0.73) for total BMD and was −2.39 (−4.51, −0.24) for lumbar BMD, showing a significant linear trend (Ptrend = 0.014 and Ptrend = 0.047, respectively). The RCS models showed a monotonically decreasing relationship of urinary Ba with total BMD and lumbar BMD. Moreover, the positive joint effects were observed between Pb (lead) and Ba, and Cd (cadmium) and Ba on BMDs. According to our findings, exposure to Ba may lead to a decrease in BMDs. Possible positive joint effects of Ba and Pb, and Ba and Cd on BMDs were found. Exposure to Ba may contribute to poor skeletal health.
... Gestational exposure to metal toxins resulted in oxidative stress and varied levels of antioxidant enzymes. 4 Heavy metals such as lead, nickel, manganese, mercury, dietary habits, pesticides, stress and other intrinsic factors exposed during the gestational period play a significant role in the brain health of an individual. 5 The heavy metal causes impairment in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in ischaemic brain damage. ...
... While some of these elements are essential for human metabolism [131], they can be divided into potentially toxic (aluminum (Al), As, Cd, Pb, Hg, etc.), possibly essential (Ni, vanadium, and Co), and elemental (Cu, Zn, and Se) [132,133]. When metals are ingested through long-term food consumption, they can accumulate in the body, causing damage to the liver (hepatotoxicity), kidneys (nephrotoxicity), central nervous system (neurotoxicity), and DNA (genotoxicity) [134,135]. Metals have unique physicochemical properties and exhibit variable tissue distribution and bioaccumulation in fish [136,137]. ...
The Danube is the second-largest river in Europe and has been subject to pollution in the past. Additionally, in the last few years, the rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization has led to the inevitable pollution of this aquatic ecosystem by certain metals (essential and non-essential elements). This issue is considered the central problem of pollution in the Danube and is gaining increasing attention. Fish is a good source of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially omega-3 fatty acids), essential vitamins, and minerals. Fish are often exposed to metals present in their aquatic environment through direct contact with contaminated water or by consuming organisms that have accumulated metals in their tissues; therefore, the elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediments are reflected in the fish flesh. In this context, the safety of fish and fishery products for human consumption is a public health concern. In the last two decades, more and more reports have shown that Danube River fish are contaminated with metals, causing great concern among consumers. The negative perception continues, although recent scientific studies show that metal levels in the edible parts of the fish are below acceptable limits. The objective of this study was to put together a multitude of scientific research studies that investigate the levels of some metals in various tissues of some fish species with high economic value in the Romanian market, as well as the levels of metals in the water and sediments. The collected data were then utilized to assess the potential health risks posed to humans.
... Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium find applications in electronic appliances and electroplating industries (Xu et al. 2019). Heavy metal toxicity results in acute and chronic ailments affecting the central nervous system, renal system, blood cells, hypertension, cancer, pulmonary disease, internal organs, convulsions, and coma (Sharma et al. 2014;Madima et al. 2020). Since the 1970s, the demand from telecommunications and automobile industries has doubled which enhanced the risk of exposure to lead; 82% of deaths due to lead poisoning occur in the developing and underdeveloped nations (Dooyema et al. 2012). ...
