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Reaction schemes for grafting cotton surface with (a) 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium; (b) choline in deep eutectic solvent.
Source publication
Quaternary ammonium containing compounds (QACs) such as cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is commonly employed in hyaluronic acid (HA) production process as an HA precipitating agent. 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, a Si containing QAC (Si-QAC) generally used to modify the surface of cotton fibers for the preparation of...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... prepare Si-QAC modified cotton fibers (SMC) (Fig. 1a), defat- ted cotton as much as 0.1 g was mixed with 4 mL of 95:5%, (v/v) methanol:water solution and 0.4 mL of Si-QAC for 24 h at room temperature followed by heating to 90 • C for 12 h. The recovered cotton was washed thoroughly with methanol to remove the non- hydrolyzed and physically absorbed Si-QAC. The washed SMC was dried at 60 • ...
Context 2
... by heating to 90 • C for 12 h. The recovered cotton was washed thoroughly with methanol to remove the non- hydrolyzed and physically absorbed Si-QAC. The washed SMC was dried at 60 • C and stored a 4 • C until use. Choline modified cotton fibers (CMC) were prepared by using a chlorocholine chloride- based deep eutectic solvent as shown in Fig. 1b [14]. The solvent was made by mixing 12.96 g of chlorocholine chloride and 9.78 g of urea, heated to 80 • C and stirred occasionally for 30 min. Cotton fibers as much as 0.1 g was added to 5 mL of deep eutectic solvent followed by 0.372 g of sodium hydroxide. The mixture was heated Table 1 Elemental analysis and grafting ratio of ...
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Background:
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Citations
... The usage of DESs in the textile industry is very new and limited. These compounds have not found yet their place in the textile industry and have been used mostly in experimental applications such as solvents in the spinning process [18,19], electrospinning of some fibers [20], improvement of the spinning methods [21,22], surface modification of some fibers [23][24][25][26][27], nanofibers [28], nanocomposites [29], etc. Improving the dyeability of cellulose and wool fibers after surface modification with ILs has been reported in some papers [30,31]. The surface properties of materials are important in determining their applications and several methods are used today to modify these properties. ...
Finding a suitable alternative for toxic, harmful materials and environmentally incompatible production or finishing processes is considered to be a great deal in the green textile industry. The felting resistance or anti-felting process is one of the main processes of finishing woolen goods, which ensures the dimensional stability of the product in the next washing phases, but it causes the release of several tons of chlorine-containing materials into the environment and the occurrence of irreparable ecological damage. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) named reline, oxaline, and phospholine have been synthesized and then as a green anti-felting agent for wool fibers furthermore as a non-aqueous reaction medium, successfully replaced sodium hypochlorite, which is a harmful and environmentally incompatible substance. The shrinkage rate of wool treated with hypochlorite, reline, oxaline and phospholine were 8.56, 10, 12.38, and 24.36%, respectively, compared with 32% shrinkage in untreated fibers. Observations of FESEM, FTIR, EDX, and reflection spectroscopy, furthermore the results of dyeing process, wetting time, alkaline solubility, urea bisulfite solubility, strength, and felting tests, showed that the use of DESs, alongside preserving the optimal physicochemical and mechanical properties and improves dye absorption properties, the whiteness and yellowness index of the fibers, together with many other advantages such as not consuming water, reducing wastewater and more importantly, their capability to recycling and reuse.
... In a different method, a stiff and durable substance was made for the separation and isolation of HA by fusing the mechanical properties of cryogel with the discriminating of glucuronic acid imprinted polymer particles, and HA was isolated from the fish eye and microbially fermented broth [139]. Wibowo and Lee carried out the HA adsorption with maximum adsorption capacities of 184 mg/g and 351 mg/g for Si-Quaternary ammonium-containing compounds and choline surface-functionalized cotton fibers, respectively [148]. In the situation of high levels of contamination, HA could be efficiently retrieved from a B. subtilis culture with a 15 mg/g capacity utilizing Si-QAC-modified antimicrobial cotton fiber. ...
The manufacture, purification, and applications of hyaluronic acid (HA) are discussed in this article. Concerning the growing need for affordable, high-quality HA, it is essential to consider diverse production techniques using renewable resources that pose little risk of cross-contamination. Many microorganisms can now be used to produce HA without limiting the availability of raw materials and in an environmentally friendly manner. The production of HA has been associated with Streptococci A and C, explicitly S. zooepidemicus and S. equi. Different fermentation techniques, including the continuous, batch, fed-batch, and repeated batch culture, have been explored to increase the formation of HA, particularly from S. zooepidemicus. The topic of current interest also involves a complex broth rich in metabolites and residual substrates, intensifying downstream processes to achieve high recovery rates and purity. Although there are already established methods for commercial HA production, the anticipated growth in trade and the diversification of application opportunities necessitate the development of new procedures to produce HA with escalated productivity, specified molecular weights, and purity. In this report, we have enacted the advancement of HA technical research by analyzing bacterial biomanufacturing elements, upstream and downstream methodologies, and commercial-scale HA scenarios.
... Since the report, separation and purification processes involving various downstream operations have been studied using HA from various sources. The most widely studied operations for HA downstream process are as follows: precipitation [53,56,[67][68][69][70][71][72]; filtration [53,[73][74][75][76][77]; adsorption [59,72,[78][79][80][81][82]; electrophoresis [75,[83][84][85]; and ion-exchange [59,[86][87][88][89][90]. The combination of the various operations for HA purification often led to optimized processes in terms of effectiveness and efficiency for removal of impurities [37,53,56,75,78,79,91]. ...
Hyaluronic acid (HA), or hyaluronan, is a natural polyelectrolyte, ubiquitous in human tissues. Exogenous HA has been a valuable material due to its wide range of medical applications, such as in osteoarthritis treatment, ophthalmic surgery, adhesion prevention after surgeries and wound healing, as well as cosmetic applications. However, to ensure the physicochemical and biological properties, a purity near to 99% is a primary requirement, aiming clinical applications. To achieve this goal, various downstream operations have been used, aiming HA concentration, separation and purification. Precipitation with organic solvents has been a common operation in most purification processes, combined with other downstream operations such as precipitation with quaternary salts, filtration, adsorption and ion exchange. This work presents an updated review of HA purification, emphasizing the performance of the main downstream operations used to achieve highly purified HA, in the period from 1970 to 2019. We conclude that, in the majority of the published works, there is a lack of studies regarding the operational conditions, as well as an absence of the purification percentage development during the processes.
... The flavonoid solubility increased by application of DESs. Hyaluronic acid was absorb by ClChCl/urea DES-based cotton [54]. The maximum hyaluronic acid absorbed by ClChCl/urea adapted by silica [55]. ...
D EEP eutectic solvents (Ionic liquids)(DESs), a new type of low cost and eco-friendly solvent, have fascinating rising interest in chemistry. To recapitulate the properties and significance of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), this review focus on characteristics of deep eutectic solvents, as well as their applications in electrochemistry, catalytic activity, biodegradability, bio-catalysis, as aromatic hydrocarbons, extraction and separation. The existing data and references are appraisal to go over the developments of DESs.
... The toxicity of eutectic mixtures is a crucial issue for green and safe material designing. DES can be used as components for polysaccharide processing, and subsequently obtained materials applied in food or agriculture Abbott, Abolibda, Qu, Wise, & Wright, 2017;Almeida, Magalhães, Souza, & Gonçalves, 2018;Bharmoria & Damarla, 2015;Galvis-Sánchez et al., 2015;Pereira & Andrade, 2016;Shamsuri, Daik, Zainudin, Tahir, & Prasad, 2014); Shamsuri & Daik, 2013, Shamsuri & Daik, 2012, Sousa, Souza, Uknalis, et al., 2015Sousa et al., 2014;Wang, et al., 2015;Zdanowicz & Johansson, 2016;US 2012US /0122997 A1, 2012 as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical industry (Aroso et al., 2015;Jordan, Yu, Yu, Antonietti, & Fechler, 2018;Martins et al., 2014;Park, Oh, & Choi, 2013;Wibowo & Lee, 2010). ...
... Also cotton fiber treated with CCC/urea (1:2) system exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis (Wibowo & Lee, 2010). Such modified cotton fibers were subsequently tested on hyaluronic acid adsorption capacity. ...
In the review a new class of green solvents – Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as media for polysaccharides treatment has been presented. They are an alternative for ionic liquids, non- or low toxic, biodegradable multipurpose agents obtained via simple and convenient way. Moreover, a large number of composition possibilities allow to tailor their properties. Because of selective solubilization of polysaccharides DES can be used for lignocellulosic biomass delignification, cellulose extraction as well as cellulose nanofibrillation or nanocrystalization. DES have been applied in extraction, separation or purification of some specific biopolymers like chitin, carrageenans and xylans, but also as components of polysaccharide based materials, e.g. plasticizers (mainly for starch, but also for cellulose derivatives, chitosan, agar and agarose), compatibilizers or modifiers. An interest in applying DES as green solvents increased rapidly within last years and it may be expected that their applications in polysaccharides treatment would be developed also on industrial scale.
... In addition, the Si-QAC silanol groups can react at the fibre surface, forming hydrogen or covalent bonds. The latter are formed between the silanol groups and the hydroxyl groups of the CO fibre in the condensation reaction (Isquith, Abbott & Walters, 1972;Wibowo & Lee, 2010). The covalent bonding of the polymer network to the fibres increases not only the adhesion of the coatings to the fabric but also the degree of its orientation. ...
A stimuli-responsive cotton fabric was designed using temperature and pH-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (poly-NiPAAm) and chitosan (PNCS) microgel as a carrier of antimicrobially active 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si-QAC), which forms a bio-barrier on the fibre surface. The influence of Si-QAC on the moisture management and thermoregulation abilities of the PNCS microgel was investigated. Using a pad-dry cure method, Si-QAC was applied to a 100% cotton fabric model in concentrations ranging from 0.05 − 4% to determine the antimicrobial activity of Si-QAC against two types of bacteria, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Based on these results, three different concentrations of Si-QAC were selected (0.5, 2 and 4%) and tested with in situ embedment of the agent into PNCS microgel particles for further functionalization of the cotton fabric. The functional properties of the studied samples were assessed by measuring the moisture content, water vapour transmission rate, water uptake and antibacterial activity, and FT-IR and SEM were used to study the chemical and morphological properties of the fibres. The results show that regardless of the concentration, the presence of Si-QAC caused a reduction in the change in the volume of the PNCS microgel particles under conditions that would normally cause swelling. Accordingly, the moisture management and thermoregulation properties of the PNCS microgel were best preserved when the lowest Si-QAC concentration (0.5%) was used. Despite the low concentration, at the conditions required, enough Si-QAC was released from the microgel particles onto the surface of the fibres to form a bio-barrier with excellent antimicrobial activity.
... In 2006, Abbott et al. [28] showed that cotton fiber can be modified by applying a DES of quaternary ammonium salt-urea through the formation of the covalent bond between the OH group of cotton and carbon atom of the ammonium moiety of the DES. Later, Lee et al. [29] used this modified cotton for SPE extraction of hyaluronic acid. In this study, we found that the DES of choline chloride-urea (ChClurea) in mole ratio of 1:2 can simply be immobilized on the cotton surface and the resulting material has the capability to act as the sorbent for the extraction of analytes from aqueous samples. ...
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used as the extractant to improve the extraction properties of cotton. DES of choline chloride-urea (ChCl-urea) was prepared and immobilized on the surface of cotton fibers. The resulting sorbent was packed on a microcolumn, and a flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry was designed for the online separation and determination of trace amounts of copper and nickel. Various parameters affecting the extraction recovery of analytes such as pH, sample volume, sample loading rate, nature, volume, concentration, and flow rate of eluent were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.25–50.0 and 4.0–125.0 μg L−1 with the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.9991 and 0.9990 for copper and nickel, respectively. The method was very sensitive with the detection limits (defined as 3Sb/m) of 0.05 and 0.60 μg L−1 for Cu and Ni, respectively. It was successfully applied for the determination of Cu and Ni in water and biological samples. The accuracy of the method was evaluated through the recovery experiments and independent analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
... The elemental composition of the surface of the treated CO, SE, and WO fabric samples was determined using XPS analysis of the bands corresponding to carbon (C 1s, 286 eV), oxygen (O 1s, 533 eV), nitrogen (N 1s, 401 eV), sulphur (S 2s, 228 eV; S 2p, 164 eV), and silicon (Si 2p, 102 eV) (Fig. 1) [36][37][38][39][40]. Only two bands that were characteristic of C 1s and O 1s were observed on the surface of the bare, untreated CO fibres [36,37]. ...
... The elemental composition of the surface of the treated CO, SE, and WO fabric samples was determined using XPS analysis of the bands corresponding to carbon (C 1s, 286 eV), oxygen (O 1s, 533 eV), nitrogen (N 1s, 401 eV), sulphur (S 2s, 228 eV; S 2p, 164 eV), and silicon (Si 2p, 102 eV) (Fig. 1) [36][37][38][39][40]. Only two bands that were characteristic of C 1s and O 1s were observed on the surface of the bare, untreated CO fibres [36,37]. For the SE fibres, the N 1s band was also observed [38]. ...
... In addition, an increase in the atomic concentration of carbon was also observed. This increase was attributed to the long alkyl moieties (up to 14 C-atoms) in the Si-QAC agent [37,38,40]. In contrast, application of increasing concentrations of the Si-QAC agent decreased the atomic concentration of oxygen. ...
Antimicrobial bio-barriers formed on cotton (CO), silk (SE), and woollen (WO) fabrics were prepared by the application of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si-QAC) at 11 concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 20% using an exhaustion method. The presence of the Si-QAC coating on the treated fabric samples was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bromophenol blue reagent was used to determine the concentration of quaternary ammonium groups in the coating. The antimicrobial activity of the coated fibres against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum), and soil microflora was assessed using standard microbiological methods. The antimicrobial protection of the fibres increased with increases in the applied concentration of Si-QAC. The fibre type strongly influenced the antimicrobial activity of Si-QAC. Si-QAC was most effective for CO fibres, less effective for WO fibres, and least effective for SE fibres, suggesting that Si-QAC is less accessible for interactions with microorganisms when applied to protein fibres than to cellulose. Although Si-QAC reduced the microbial growth, it did not significantly hinder the biodegradability or sustainability of the coated fibres when exposed to soil microflora. The extent of rotting was more influenced by the morphological and chemical properties of the fibres than by the presence of Si-QAC.
... Many different types of antimicrobial agents for cotton therefore have been studied. These include silver based materials, halamine compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, and antibiotic agents such as ciprofloxacin (Choi 2006; Hong and Sun 2011; Wibowo and Lee 2010). A recent research introduced photoactive compounds, which could produce radicals under UV-A or fluorescent light (Hong and Sun 2008, 2011). ...
Cotton fabrics with antibacterial properties were prepared by the treatment with 3,3′4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPTCD) in a combined process of shaking immersion in dyeing machine and pad-dry-cure. Environmentally-benign choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were mainly examined as treatment media instead of using organic solvent. The results revealed that cotton fabrics treated with BPTCD in urea-ChCl DES showed a strong ester carbonyl peak in fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, indicating fixation of BPTCD on cotton cellulose. Detailed characterizations of the BPTCD-treated cotton were carried out by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, dye staining, and evaluation of hydrophilicity and strength. The treated fabrics demonstrated a high level of antibacterial characteristics before and after UV irradiation. This indicated that addition of ChCl could enhance antibacterial activity of cotton before UV irradiation. Therefore, use of ChCl-based DES along with BPTCD incorporation provided environmentally-acceptable and economically-feasible treatment process for preparation of novel antibacterial cotton.
... Ko se polimer izobori iz raztopine, se tvori gel, ki se po susenju pretvori v amorfni xerogel s porozno strukturo s premerom por nanovelikosti. Le-ta se pri toplotni obdelavi pri 150 °C [20][21][22][23], elektricno prevodnost [24][25][26], odpornost na drgnjenje [27,28], zascito pred UV-zarki [29], biokataliticno aktivnost [30,31], protimikrobnost [32][33][34][35][36] in sposobnost sproscanja etericnih olj in razlicnih bioaktivnih snovi (37). Tetraalkoksisilanski kot AOH polimerni film je lahko tudi osnovna matrica za vezanje razlicnih aditivov (slika 6), kot so anorganske koloidne kovine in oksidi [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], pigmenti [46,47], barvila [48][49][50], biomolekule [51,52], mikrogeli [53] in tudi zive celice [54]. ...
In this paper, the sol-gel technology as a nanotehnological process of chemical finishing for achieving the functional properties of textiles is presented. Hydrolysis and condensation reactions of sol-gel precursors in a process of formation of a tridimensional polysiloxane coating as well as factors that influence the coating properties are given. A schematic illustrations of the bonding of polysiloxane coating on the surface of Textilefibres and the possibility of the formation of multifunctional inorganic-organic hybrid protective coating are presented.
