Raw Scale and Percentile Equivalents for the HAI for Individuals with a History of Substance Use Issues

Raw Scale and Percentile Equivalents for the HAI for Individuals with a History of Substance Use Issues

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The Hope-Action Inventory (HAI), a hope-based measure of career competencies, has demonstrated solid predictive validity for educational and vocational outcomes. The purpose of this study was to justify an expansion of the use of the HAI by examining group differences and establishing norms for interpreting HAI results with individuals with a histo...

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... above one standard deviation are considered objective strengths and scores below one standard deviation are considered objective weaknesses compared to others in one's subgroup. Additionally, HAI total and subscale raw scores were converted to percentile ranks across the total sample (Table 6). ...

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