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Sinter making is an intermediate step in value-added chain for producing steel. Iron ore fines (−10 mm) is agglomerated to make it suitable blast furnace feed. In sintering process, iron-ore is partially reduced, and different fluxes are added to eliminate the undesirable elements in the slag. Solid fuel mainly coke breeze is used both as energy pr...
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Citations
... Coke breeze is primarily obtained by sieving the coke, and is the byproduct of the coking production process, which has the characteristics of large particle size, high fixed carbon content, high ash content and low volatile content. It is currently used primarily in the production of sinter to replace sinter coal as fuel [22][23][24]. The green production system is represented by a large pellet ratio in the charge production of Shougang Jingtang United Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. ...
In this study, the feasibility indicators of the injection of coke breeze for blast furnaces (BFs) were tested. Experiments were conducted on the combustion behavior of coke breeze at different particle sizes, and the effects of ratio of coke breeze in pulverized coal on the combustion performance of blends were studied. On the basis of the above experiments, industrial tests involving injecting coke breeze after milling were carried out in 3# BF of Shougang Jingtang. The results show that most of the coke breeze particle sizes were distributed above 1 mm. The grindability and combustion performance are poor, so the material needs to be ground before mixing with pulverized coal. The best combustibility can be obtained by using a particle size of less than 8.74 μm of coke breeze in the injection. With the increase in the coke breeze ratio, the combustion performance of blended coal worsened; the negative effects of coke breeze can be improved by increasing the proportion of bituminous coal. According to the results of industrial tests, 8% coke breeze in blends had no negative effect on the smelting state, and the output of the BF increased slightly. Industrial tests proved that coke breeze can partly replace anthracite for BF injecting, which reduced the cost of hot metal while realizing the high value-added resource utilization of coke breeze.
Unraveling the critical granular size in various chemical processes involving granular materials, such as blast furnace ironmaking process, holds significant importance in optimizing production efficiency. This study focuses on investigating the critical granular size by employing six mono-sized sinter packed beds, which are reduced at elevated temperature up to 1400°C. Quantitative analysis reveals two distinct behaviors, inconsistent shrinkages between 1200-1350°C and size-dependent rates of pressure drops approaching their maximum values. These results highlight the presence of a critical granular size between 2 mm and 4 mm under present experimental conditions. To elucidate these findings, a hypothesis based on the competition between the active role of liquid generation and the passive role of liquid holdup is proposed, and the strategies for utilizing the small particles below the critical size in binary-sized beds are given full discussions. This work aims to provide laboratory-scale experimental insights into the critical granular size effect and will shed light on exploring the critical granular size in industrial-scale processes involving granular materials in the future.
Hydrogen-rich gas and steam are widely regarded to be of great potential to mitigate CO2 emissions in iron ore sintering, these gases can regulate heat distribution in the sintering machines by replacing fossil fuels. However, most sintering machines only use one of the gases as the injecting medium, the potential of this technology has not been developed. In this paper, a multiple gaseous medium injection method contained natural gas and steam was experimentally investigated to solving this problem. Sintering tests were arranged to study the appropriate scheme of coupling injection and its influence on the sintering process, and the flue gas analyzer was used to detect the composition of the sintering flue gas in real time. Better sintering indexes were achieved by injecting the above two gaseous medium when the coke breeze ratio is unchanged, the results show that when 0.8 vol% natural gas is injected into the 4–14min, 0.15 vol% steam is injected into the 10–14 min, and 0.25 vol% steam is injected into the 15–18 min of sintering, the sintering yield increases by 2.42%, and the tumbler index increases by 2.72%. Under the above parameters, the coke breeze ratio can be reduced by 12.99%, the average NOx emissions decreased by 19.5%, and the average CO emissions decreased by 36.96% in the coupling injection interval (4–18min). After calculating the amount of coke breeze and natural gas in the optimal coupling injection sintering, CO2 emissions decreased by 7.66%, about 17.15 kg/t-sinter. Moreover, the PFR model was used to simulate the associated gas phase reaction after coupling injection which shows H2O significantly reduced CO emissions and change the reduction pathway of NO. Generally, sintering fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have also been reduced, providing theoretical support for the change of iron ore sintering energy structure.
