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Source publication
Objective:
Define the burden of HIV-TB co-infection and predictors of HIV screening among incident TB cases.
Methods:
Analysis of surveillance data on TB incident cases reported to Montreal's Public Health Department from 2004 to 2009. Among all reported TB cases, proportions of cases with HIV testing and HIV infection were calculated by patient...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... prevalence in Canadian-born incident TB patients was 3.7% (95% CI: 0.1-7.3). There were no HIV-positive TB cases among Aboriginals, and those originating from Central or South America, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, or those from the group of countries classified as unknown/other (Table 3). ...Context 2
... prevalence in Canadian-born incident TB patients was 3.7% (95% CI: 0.1-7.3). There were no HIV-positive TB cases among Aboriginals, and those originating from Central or South America, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, or those from the group of countries classified as unknown/other (Table 3). ...Similar publications
Background:
Sero- prevalence studies often have a problem of missing data. Few studies report the proportion of missing data and even fewer describe the methods used to adjust the results for missing data. The objective of this review was to determine the analytical methods used for analysis in HIV surveys with missing data.
Methods:
We searched...
Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C infections are serious public health problems in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of triple viral infections and associated factors among tuberculosis patients who were on anti-tuberculosis treatment in the year 2011/12 in West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. A cross s...
Background: HIV testing is the first step in the HIV Care Continuum and is a key component of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. Among immigrants from mid to high HIV prevalence countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America, late presentation is common. However, little is known about HIV testing because data are usually aggregated i...
The lifting in 2010 of the HIV entry ban eliminated an access point for HIV testing of the foreign-born. The African Diaspora Health Initiative (ADHI) was developed to examine alternative pathways to testing for African and Caribbean persons. The ADHI consists of Clinics Without Walls (CWW) held in community settings. HIV testing is offered to part...
Citations
... Santé publique Setting Syndemics, or synergistic epidemics, occur when two or more health conditions interact to increase morbidity and mortality in a population by more than the sum of their individual effects and are exacerbated by social, economic, environmental, and political factors (Singer 2009). The interaction between HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and poverty or marginalization is often used as an example of a syndemic (Singer et al. 2017), where illness may progress more rapidly with disease coinfection (Public Health Agency of Canada 2014) and with health inequities exacerbating negative health outcomes (Khan et al. 2011;Rivest et al. 2014). A recent community outbreak of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease in London, Ontario, provides a Canadian example of a potential syndemic. ...
... We also examined the presence of three specific disease type combinations with known interactions to begin to explore how these methods can be used to support surveillance in Ontario. First, we assessed HIV/AIDS and TB and found 2.6% of TB cases also had an HIV/AIDS record, which is similar to findings in previous analyses of Ontario data (Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario) 2015) and is in line with or lower than the percentage of TB cases with HIV/ AIDS co-infection in other jurisdictions (BC Centre for Disease Control 2019; Public Health Agency of Canada 2014; Rivest et al. 2014). Further analysis is required to determine the timing of TB and HIV/AIDS relative to each other, and whether initiatives to routinely screen for HIV/AIDS or TB at the time of TB or HIV/AIDS diagnosis, respectively, have led to changes in timing of identification or prevalence of overlapping infections (Public Health Agency of Canada 2014; Public Health Agency of Canada 2019). ...
Setting:
Syndemics occur when two or more health conditions interact to increase morbidity and mortality and are exacerbated by social, economic, environmental, and political factors. Routine provincial surveillance in Ontario assesses and reports on the epidemiology of single infectious diseases separately. Therefore, we aimed to develop a method that allows disease overlaps to be examined routinely as a path to better understanding and addressing syndemics in Ontario.
Intervention:
We extracted data for individuals with a record of chlamydia, gonorrhea, infectious syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGAS), or tuberculosis in Ontario's reportable disease database from 1990 to 2018. We transformed the data into a person-based integrated surveillance dataset retaining individuals (clients) with at least one record between 2006 and 2018.
Outcomes:
The resulting dataset had 659,136 unique disease records among 470,673 unique clients. Of those clients, 23.1% had multiple disease records with 50 being the most for one client. We described the frequency of disease overlaps; for example, 34.7% of clients with a syphilis record had a gonorrhea record. We quantified known overlaps, finding 1274 clients had gonorrhea, infectious syphilis, and HIV/AIDS records, and potentially emerging overlaps, finding 59 clients had HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and iGAS records.
Implications:
Our novel person-based integrated surveillance dataset represents a platform for ongoing in-depth assessment of disease overlaps such as the relative timing of disease records. It enables a more client-focused approach, is a step towards improved characterization of syndemics in Ontario, and could inform other jurisdictions interested in adopting similar approaches.
... The prevalence of TB/ HIV co-infection in India (68), and Ethiopia (8) were 18.9% and 28.6%, respectively, and were higher than our rates. However, in the studies performed in China (2) and Canada (69), lower rates were reported (7.2%, and 4.2%, respectively). In a study conducted by van der Werf et al. (70), the epidemiology of TB/HIV co-infection in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) was evaluated and a total co-infection rate of 4.9% was reported. ...
Introduction:
Co-infection of TB/ HIV is an emerging threat to a global public health. Although several studies have investigated the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in Iran, the results are inconsistent. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was planned to estimate the overall prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in Iran.
Methods:
Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, SID and Mag Iran (two Persian scientific search engines) were searched up to 27 Apr 2017. The random effect model was used for estimating the prevalence of TB/ HIV co-infection. Heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analysis.
Results:
Forty-eight articles met our inclusion criteria, with a total of 21,388 individuals. The meta-analysis demonstrates that the prevalence of TB/ HIV co-infection in Iran was 14% [95% confidence interval CI:12-15%]. According to the meta-analysis of 5 subgroups, the prevalence of TB/ HIV co-infection in the subgroup with high intravenous drug users (IVDU) [27%, 95% CI: 20-35%], in border provinces of Iran [17%, 95% CI: 13-21%], in the subgroup with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) ≥ 20% [22%, 95% CI: 17-27%], in patients <40 years of age [25%, 95 CI: 19-31%] was significantly higher. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of co-infection among low and high-quality studies. Pulmonary TB was the predominant type of TB among co-infected patients [77%, 95% CI: 71 to 84%].
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that the overall prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in Iran was 14% [95% CI: 12-15%], which was a high rate. Some factors such as using intravenous drugs, living in border provinces of Iran, having PTB, and age <40 years had an impact on the prevalence of co-infection. Results revealed the need of HIV surveillance program among TB patients and screening of HIV-positive patients for diagnosis and treatment of TB. Further large-scale studies about the prevalence of this infection in all provinces of Iran are needed.
... Referente à forma clínica, identificou-se o predomínio da tuberculose pulmonar, o que corrobora com outros estudos que abordam a coinfecção TB e HIV. Essa forma clínica é caracterizada por sua alta infectividade, desta forma, é premente a confirmação precoce da infecção por tuberculose, para que se possa interromper a cadeia de transmissão dessa doença (13)(14)(15) . ...
Objective
analyze the epidemiological profile of coinfection by tuberculosis and the immunodeficiency virus.
Method
descriptive study, developed based on a survey in the database of the Disease Notification System in the State of Piauí between 2007 and 2016. The data were collected through an instrument with sociodemographic characteristics and data related to the coinfection by tuberculosis and the immunodeficiency virus. Simple descriptive analysis was applied.
Results
The prevalence of coinfection by tuberculosis and the immunodeficiency virus amounted to 6.1% of the patients (n=619). The data show the predominance of male individuals (n=467/75.4%), adults between 20 and 49 years old (n=492/79.5%) and mulattos (n=457/ 73.8%). The most identified clinical form of tuberculosis was the pulmonary with n=412 (66.6%) cases. These patients’ cure percentage corresponded to 60.8%.
Conclusion
The results appointed a high prevalence of this coinfection and a high detection of the infection by the immunodeficiency virus in tuberculosis patients.
Background
Indicator condition (IC) guided testing for HIV is an effective way to identify undiagnosed people living with HIV, but studies suggest its implementation is lacking. This systematic review provides an overview of the adoption of IC-guided testing in Western countries.
Methods
Seven ICs were selected: tuberculosis (TB), malignant lymphoma, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cervical/vulvar carcinoma/intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CC/CIN2+, VC/VIN2+), and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Embase and Ovid MEDLINE were searched up to November 20th, 2020. Publications of all types, using data from ≥2009, reporting on HIV test ratios in patients ≥18 years in all settings in Western countries were eligible. HIV test ratios and positivity were reported per IC. A random effects-model for proportions was used to calculate estimated proportions (ES) with 95% CIs. This study was registered at PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020160243.
Findings
Fifty-seven references, including 23 full-text articles and 34 other publications were included. Most (28/57) reported on HIV testing in TB. No reports on HIV testing in VC/VIN2+ or PN patients were eligible for inclusion. Large variation in HIV test ratios was observed between and within ICs, resulting from different testing approaches. Highest HIV test ratios (pooled ratio: 0·72, 95%CI 0·63–0·80) and positivity (0·05, 95% CI 0·03–0·06) were observed among TB patients, and lowest among CC/CIN2+ patients (pooled ES test ratio: 0·12, 95%CI 0·01–0·31, positivity: 0·00, 95%CI 0·00–0·00).
Interpretation
IC-guided HIV testing is insufficiently implemented in Western countries. The large variation in test ratios provides insight into priority areas for implementing routine IC-guided HIV testing in the future.
Funding
HIV Transmission Elimination in Amsterdam (H-TEAM) consortium and Aidsfonds (grant number P-42,702).
