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Much efforts have been made in the area of energy security in recent years, but due to its wide scope, it is necessary to review relevant knowledge activities and to analyze the state of knowledge of the field of energy security measurement. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive map of knowledge in the field of energy security....
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... reviewing the methodology of the articles, they were divided into three categories: quantitative, qualitative and mixed. The results show (Fig. 3) that 53% of the articles have adopted quantitative methods, 34% qualitative methods and the remaining 13% have a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed ...
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... The issue of energy security is a foundation and an indicator of economic prosperity, being a key priority for any country. Energy security is one of the basic elements that determine the ability to guarantee security and the possibility of uninterrupted and sustainable development for each country [3,4]. Due to the growing demand for energy resources, fuels, and energy, energy security is gaining additional importance [5]. ...
... In response to the indicated changes, energy security knowledge maps are being created to provide a comprehensive analysis of the issue. As a result, a consistent vocabulary map indicates that the most relevant dimensions of energy security relate to technology, trade, acceptability, productivity, diversity, equity, accessibility, governance, and efficiency [3]. The implementation of the knowledge maps is intended to improve the research environment as well as strengthen the debate based on data and information widely discussed and verified at the national and international levels [83,84]. ...
In an era of a significant pace of economic, technological, and social development, an uninterrupted energy supply is one of the most important variables determining a country’s economic sovereignty, position in international relations, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to develop a method of multifaceted comparative analysis of energy security of neighboring countries (Poland and Slovakia) based on the level of fulfillment of selected goals of Agenda 2030 and related tasks. The analysis of energy security, due to its multifaceted nature, requires an examination of Goal 7 (clean and accessible energy) and the corresponding tasks associated with Goals 8, 9, and 13 of Agenda 2030. The research objective involved the analysis of energy dependence, electricity, diversification of gas supply, terminals and gas storage facilities, and clean energy. The countries studied are in the midst of achieving the goals of Agenda 2030, and the current rate of growth and relevance of the energy measures taken are promising. Further actions are recommended in the areas of diversification of generation capacity, appropriate levels of investment, availability of infrastructure and expertise, increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) and natural gas, and increasing efficiency in electricity consumption.
... However, this stage was omitted in the current study to avoid overly narrowing the scope of the research. In this study, the methodological structure involved using VOSviewer software (Esfahani et al., 2021;Norouzi et al., 2021), which processes and tapers data electronically. ...
... Energy security, including the availability and accessibility of energy, plays a key role in a country's energy efficiency and productivity. Stability, diversification, and management of energy resources are essential for enhanced energy security [16]. A country's energy mix-combining energy sources like renewables, fossil fuels, and nuclear power-significantly influences energy efficiency and productivity, with a balanced, diverse mix optimizing energy use [17]. ...
... However, improved cross-border energy network connectivity may become a solution to energy shortages [33,34]. Municipalities of different EU member states that historically depended on imported energy carriers need to move steadily towards RES and ensure energy security in parallel by taking global experience as a knowledge base [35][36][37][38]. ...
Nowadays, energy systems are continuously impacted by external and internal conditions. The worldwide events of recent years have led to the need to consider not only the requirements for moving towards climate neutrality but also the security and independence of energy supply when creating new or transforming existing energy systems. The aim of this study was to answer the question of whether there is a possibility of transforming the energy supply process by promoting increased energy security and independence while not reducing energy demand, as well as creating high economic and environmental indicators. The research focuses on developing alternative scenarios for further decision-making studies by introducing modern energy technologies. Scenarios are analysed using the complex method developed, which includes three main steps: assessing the current situation, identifying available technologies, and assessing alternatives. The results suggest that Stirling’s technology can provide 100% energy independence for individual energy consumers. At the same time, thanks to the combination of Stirling technology and solar technologies, there is an opportunity to reduce emissions and energy production costs, but capital investment is increasing.
... Based on the results of the study, the authors suggest that in order to ensure energy security and environmental sustainability in the region, there is a need to expand cross-country energy trade and increase investment in the use of renewable energy sources in the long run. Esfahani et al. (2021) also conducted a comparative analysis of articles published in 53 different journals included in 7 prestigious scientific bases in the period between 2002 and 2019 for the formation of appropriate knowledge about energy security. Among them, 240 articles are devoted to energy security problems. ...
The paper compares the energy security of three South Caucasus countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia. These countries differ from each other due to the use of different energy sources. The investigation used 28 indicators classified into six groups based on World Bank data to assess energy security. Indicators for each group were assessed as “stimulating” or “not stimulating” energy security. According to the results, Georgian’s energy security is less risky because of it uses renewable energy sources. Ensuring long-term energy security in Azerbaijan requires greater use of renewable energy sources. Armenia’s energy security is at higher risk due to its higher dependence on imports and poor use of renewable resources.
... Related studies published from 2018 to 2022 were extensively reviewed, both the ones where the definition of Energy Security was analysed (see Azzuni and Breyer (2018), Axon and Darton (2021), Esfahani et al. (2021) and references therein) and the works where Energy Security was indeed evaluated. Studies with Energy Security evaluations are summarised in Table 1. ...
The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel approach for assessing the risks to the continuous availability of cost-effective energy sources by proposing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making method that considers the interdependence between the indicators utilised in the measurement process. The paper focuses on Spain and Portugal into the EU energy market and investigates the consequences of their particular conditions. To account for the significance of each criterion and its subsets, the Choquet Integral is integrated into the analysis. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in incorporating expert knowledge into Energy Security evaluations, which can be utilised to develop enhancement policies.
... Subsequently, the eligibility step is usually associated with the PRISMA technique (Golbabaei et al., 2020;González-Rubio et al., 2020). However, to avoid potentially reducing the scope of the research, no items were eliminated at this stage since the methodological framework followed for this study incorporated data processing using VOSviewer (Esfahani et al., 2021;Norouzi et al., 2021). A total of 157 papers were extracted, of which 82 were utilized for analysis ( Figure 1). ...
Historically, both governmental and private sectors have significantly underinvested in the agriculture industry. Increasing agricultural and food system investments is necessary to enhance food security and nutrition, reduce poverty, and adapt to climate change. To achieve long-term benefits, it is crucial to ensure not only that more investments are made, but also that these investments are responsible. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review of financial sustainability and ethical investing in the agriculture industry. The findings indicate that the academic community has begun to focus on these concerns in recent years. Specifically, issues concerning finance in developing nations and the management of irrigation systems are attracting attention. This paper's goal is to encourage more financial institutions, financial services managers, policymakers, and universities to participate in sustainable development projects in the financial services sector.
... On the other hand, system energy security is an important issue since, lacking an interconnection to the grid, off-grid distributed systems lack a backup scheme to guarantee continuous supply to meet end-user demands. While storage schemes are considered a guarantee of supply, in most cases, having a storage system only guarantees the resilience of the system for a finite period of time [25]. A common way to solve this problem is through diversification of supply systems [26]. ...
... The same has also prompted a major boost to theoretical advancements in the study of energy security multidimensionality. Here, energy trade remains one of the most important dimensions (Esfhani et al., 2021). ...
... There is broad concept that governments of various nations must comprehend the situation and take action to ensure their energy security. 31 Additionally, there is solid precedent for associating energy sustainability. There is also proof that focusing on energy security alongside environmental regulations and regional air pollution can help cut through a lot of policy analysis and get right to the point. ...
This study suggested a plan for making low carbon society (LCS) in Pakistan by 2050. Low Emissions Analysis Platform is used for simulation the entire energy system and forecasted the future CO2 emissions in relation to the use of renewable and fossil fuel resources under the two scenarios namely high carbon society (HCS) and LCS. Additionally, marginal abatement cost of future energy system is forecasted for the study period 2022–2050. The results revealed that, 100% de‐carbonization is possible under the LCS scenario. Further, this scenario suggested that 1123.15 TWh units of green energy are generated to meet the total energy demand of 966.05 TWh till 2050. Biomass has greater share of 380.16 TWh followed by wind 370.67 TWh, solar 358.74 TWh, and hydro 13.58 TWh respectively. CO2 emissions are reduced from 151.63 million metric tons in HCS scenario to 8.90 million metric tons in LCS scenario till 2050 but cost is increased from 46.36 billion US dollar in HCS scenario to 546.49 billion US dollar in LCS scenario for the year 2050. The technique can also be applicable to the developing, under‐developed and developed nations around the globe.
