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Rakovica Monastery near Belgrade, Serbia, possibly fourteenth century, mentioned in text in the sixteenth century (photo courtesy Ljubomir Milanovic´)Milanovic´Milanovic´).
Source publication
This paper considers references to Byzantium in the architecture and philosophy of Zenitism, an Eastern European avant-garde movement founded by Ljubomir Micić in 1921. I analyze the visionary projects for the Zeniteum, designed by the only architect member of the Zenitist group, Jo Klek (Josif Seissel), as a singular example of Byzantine-modernist...
Citations
... Among the published memoirs today we can find the memoirs of Andrey Beliy [1], Herbert Khan [2], Asia Turgeneva [3], anthroposophical doctrine was made in the works of Bondarev G.A. [5], Rudy Lissau [6], and Karen Swassjan [7]. The analysis of Steiner's architectural works in the context of the world architectural heritage is analyzed in the works of Sokolina A. [8][9][10][11] and Elena Bogdanovich [12]. An important contribution to the study of Steiner's design work is the dissertation of Reinhold Johann Fet [13], and concerning the architecture of Goetheanum, Fiona Gray [14], Marina Agranovskaya (Emmendingen) [15], and Latief Perotti [16]. ...
In the beginning of the XX century, political, economic, and demographic revolutions contributed to the emergence of extraordinary people. In architecture, they were Frank Lloyd Wright, Antonio Gaudí, Frank Owen Gary, Le Corbusier, Hugo Hering, Alvar Aalto, Hans Sharun, Walter Burley Griffin, and Marion Mahony Griffin. Each of them was given a lot of attention in the media resources and their creativity was researched in different fields of knowledge. However, Rudolf Steiner’s work remains controversial to this day. Although many of the architects mentioned above enthusiastically commented on Steiner’s architectural works, there was always ambiguity in the perception of this mystic architect. Such a careful attitude to the work of the architect is due primarily to his worldview, his extraordinary approach to art and architecture in particular, because it is in architecture that Steiner was able to implement the basic tenets of anthroposophy, which he founded. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of the spatial structure of Steiner’s architecture, which makes it unique in the history of architectural heritage. The authors offer the scientific community the first article in a series of articles on the anthroposophical architecture of Rudolf Steiner and the philosophical concept that influenced the formation of this architecture.
Under the influence of Russian and Austrian neo-Byzantinism, as well as increasingly extensive historiographic research, evocations of Byzantine architectural achievements appeared in Serbian architecture in the early 1870s. Their merging with the layers of the national schools of medieval masonry, adapted to the use of modern materials and methods of composition, stemmed from the uncritical identification of these two historical traditions, a view that was also present in scholarship for far too long. Regardless of its theoretical underdevelopment, the emulation of Byzantine monuments became the dominant trend in monumental architecture, with the cult of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople culminating after World War I, a period when large-scale structures were designed.
