Radio-frequency amplitude signals for each of the 64 channels

Radio-frequency amplitude signals for each of the 64 channels

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Lithium-ion battery degradation estimation using fast and noninvasive techniques is a crucial issue in the circular economy framework of this technology. Currently, most of the approaches used to establish the battery-state (i.e., State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH)) require time-consuming processes. In the present preliminary study, an ul...

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... TOF and SOS were calculated using an autocorrelation function on the backscatter signal from the 1 st and 2 nd back wall echoes (samples around 200 and 400, respectively in Fig. 2). This process was performed for each acquisition and element in the array. Given the sampling rate of 20 MHz and the peak form the autocorrelation function, the TOF shift was calculated. In addition, given the dimensions of the 18650 batteries of 18-mm diameter and the TOF, the SOS was calculated inside the battery. Furthermore, the ...

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Worldwide, there has been an exponential growth in the production and application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by the energy transition and the electric vehicle market. The scarcity of raw materials and the circular economy strategy of LIBs encourage the need to reuse components, recycle, and give second life to used batteries. However,...