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Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna in E-plane and H-pane at a 1.86 GHz b 2.2 GHz and c 2.6 GHz
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In this paper, a broadband magneto-electric dipole antenna is proposed and analyzed for LTE femtocell base station. The antenna consists of defected semi circular horizontal patches and rectangular vertical patches shorted to the square ground. The antenna is fed by simple hook shaped feed. The simulated and measured impedance bandwidth of the ante...
Citations
... The magnetic and electric dipoles are excited in an orthogonal and simultaneous manner. A feeding line, capable of exciting both the magnetic and electric dipoles simultaneously, is positioned at the center of the antenna and connected to the SMA connector [14][15]. The radiation mechanism of a magneto-electric dipole antenna is illustrated in Fig. 2. In the horizontal (H) plane, the radiation pattern for magnetic dipoles takes the shape of an O, while in the vertical (E) plane, it resembles an 8. Conversely, electric dipoles exhibit the opposite radiation pattern in both planes compared to magnetic dipoles. ...
The mutual coupling issue between two Right Hand Circularly Polarized (RHCP) Magneto-electric (ME) dipole antennas is addressed in this study. To mitigate this issue, a Metasurface Polarization-Rotator (MPR) Wall is employed, resulting in effective minimization of the coupling effects. The innovative antenna design, with high gain, shows promise for 5G applications. It consists of two electric dipole plates with triangular corners positioned at the top, along with two plates acting as magnetic dipoles perpendicular to the ground plane. Additionally, the presence of four plates on the outer periphery of the antenna contributes to the improvement of the circular polarization (CP) performance of the antenna. The feeding structure is configured in a V-shape. Integration of the metasurface polarization-rotator led to a significant reduction in mutual coupling. On average, the mutual coupling is decreased by more than -20.5 dB, reaching impressive values of -45 dB at 2 GHz, -55 dB at 3.1 GHz, and -40 dB at 3.7 GHz when the MPR wall is placed between the ME antennas. The antenna demonstrates promising performance in terms of impedance bandwidth, with a remarkable value of 61.4% for |S11| < [-10dB]. Furthermore, the axial ratio bandwidth for AR < [3 dB] is 63.36%, representing an 11% increase compared to the configuration without the MPR Wall. The maximum right-hand circular polarization gain achieved by the antenna is 9.91 dB at a frequency of 3 GHz. Additionally, the maximum front-to-back ratio (FBR) is 37.6 dB at a frequency of 2.5 GHz. By comparing and analyzing the simulation results for the scenarios with and without the MPR Wall, it becomes evident that the MPR Wall does not significantly affect the parameters of gain, front-to-back ratio, and impedance bandwidth.
... Moreover, the difference between CST MWS simulation and the analytical model is due to the simplification of the model and Qn's approximated expression usage. In order to increase the accuracy of the equivalent model, more parallel R-L-C parallel circuits could be added and optimized using data fitting tools [38], [41], [42], which lead to a long and complex calculation. However, a detailed model is not ...
Reducing the size of directive and wideband antennas operating in the Very High-Frequency band is a major challenge for small satellite integration. At 100 MHz, the wavelength is 3 m, and the size reduction will make the integration easier and reduces fabrication costs. The original technique presented in this paper enables a significant height reduction (up to 50%) of a crossed Magneto-Electric Dipole antenna while maintaining an ultra-wideband operation bandwidth from 93 to 360 MHz (118%). The proposed technique is based on adding frequency reconfigurable capability to a crossed Magneto-Electric Dipole antenna structure. The antenna has been prototyped and experimentally characterized in a large-sized anechoic chamber. The measured results are in excellent agreement with full-wave electromagnetic simulated results.
... To achieve the broad bandwidth, Clavin et al. [2,3] have presented antennas based on the complementary antenna concept, which have shown a symmetrical radiation pattern in the E-and H-plane with broad beam width and stable gain. In [4], the magnetoelectric dipole (MED) antenna has been presented for femto cell base station with rectangular ground and defective patch. The antenna has achieved the impedance bandwidth of 51.9%, but the design has large size. ...
This paper presents a circularly polarized wideband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with a defective semicircular patch for C-band applications (4–8 GHz). In the proposed design, in order to get proper impedance matching and stable gain, a pair of folded vertical patches is shorted between a pair of defective semicircular patches and minimum ground plane. The defective semicircular patches work as an electric dipole, while the vertical patches work as a magnetic dipole. The Γ-shaped single-feed structure is used to excite both dipoles together to achieve symmetrical radiation patterns. Minimum ground and the folded structure maintain the low profile of the presented design. The circular polarization is obtained by incorporating I-shaped slots in semicircular patches, extending to the lower and upper sides of the curved edges symmetrically on the both sides. A prototype was manufactured and the measured results agreed well with the simulated results. The results show an impedance bandwidth of 60.37% (S11 < − 10 dB) from 3.71 to 6.91 GHz, 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 20.60% from 3.71 to 4.55 GHz and a broadside stable gain of 6 ± 0.5 dBic. The antenna also shows good radiation efficiency of around 80% over the entire operating range. Therefore, the proposed antenna can be used in 5G Wi-Fi (5.15–5.875 GHz) wireless communication systems and several C-band applications.
... Moreover, various magneto-electric dipole antennas are reported in [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For example, a novel low profile magnetoelectric dipole antenna with obtuse-triangular structure with frequency bandwidth 1.67-2.22 ...
... The differences in these antennas are only in feed structures so that the presented antenna in [18] is excited by a coaxial feed without the need of an additional balun, but the designed antenna in [19] is fed by a coaxial feed that works as a balun. In [20] a broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna with impedance bandwidth of 51.9% for LTE femtocell base stations is studied. Moreover, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna in which the magnetic dipole part is realized by a triangular-shaped has been implemented in [21]. ...
... Moreover, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna in which the magnetic dipole part is realized by a triangular-shaped has been implemented in [21]. However, these antennas [17][18][19][20][21] operate in linear polarization. It is worth noting that there are magneto-electric dipole antennas with circular polarization that are designed for base stations. ...
A circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna with wide frequency band for base transceiver station (BTS) is presented. The structure of the proposed antenna is composed of a cavity metallic reflector with defected side walls, two pairs of vertical and trapezoidal horizontal copper plates and a Г-shaped feed line. Defected side walls of the metallic reflector are utilized to improve the gain, front to back ratio (FBR) and impedance matching. Electric dipole and quasi magnetic dipole are realized with horizontal plates and shorted vertical plates, respectively. The trapezoidal horizontal plates are employed to obtain circular polarization (CP) characteristic with 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 41% from 1.7 to 2.6 GHz. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna operates at frequency range of 1.4–2.8 GHz with S 11 < −10 dB and 3-dB axial ratio of 1.8 dB and 2.1 dB for frequencies 1.9 GHz and 2.1 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, half-power beamwidth (HPBW) wider than 60.5° and the gain higher than 6.2 dBi are realized.
... This concept has been further applied to develop a simple structure based on the magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna and proposed by Luk and Wong [10,11]. Many works concerning magneto-electric dipole antennas have been published [12][13][14][15][16][17], including base station antennas [18,19]. In addition, the applied concept of MED with optimal synthesis of the reconfigurable antenna would be a promising candidate for radar applications [20,21]. ...
This work presents the design of a magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna for the base station antenna of FM radio broadcasting implementation. The advantages of MED antenna are high gain, stable and symmetrical radiation patterns in both electric and magnetic planes, and low back lobe radiation pattern. The antenna was designed and studied to achieve the optimal dimensions of configuration parameters. The prototype antenna was fabricated and measured to validate its S11, radiation patterns, and gain. The impedance bandwidth was 33.49%, and the average gain was 7.78 dBi at the entire operating frequency (88–108 MHz). The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
... Unidirectional broadband antenna such as magneto-electric dipole (MED) antenna has become popular among researchers due to its excellent radiation characteristics such as broad beamwidth and stable directional pattern [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, most of the MED antennas were designed either to improve bandwidth [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] or to reduce the size [16][17][18][19]. ...
A magneto-electric dipole antenna with high front to back ratio (FBR) for femtocell base station is proposed. By using circular defects in the ground plane, the back radiation of the antenna is reduced. The prototype antenna achieves high FBR without affecting the bandwidth and gain. At S11 = −10 dB, the simulated and measured impedance bandwidths of the proposed antenna are 58.06% (1.54–2.8 GHz) and 60.9% (1.55–2.91 GHz), respectively. The measured FBR value ranges from 21 to 29 dB. Stable unidirectional radiation pattern at both planes and average gain of 7 dBi are also obtained.
This article presents a solution for reducing the height of magneto-electric dipole antennas by using an artificial magnetic conductor structure as the antenna's ground plane. Two types of antennas were investigated: a linearly polarized antenna and a right-handed circularly polarized antenna. For the linearly polarized antenna, a 7 x 7 array of artificial magnetic conductor cells (AMCs) was designed at 3.5 GHz and placed on the antenna's ground plane. By adding artificial magnetic conductors, the height of the first antenna was reduced to 0.16 λ. The simulation results show that the impedance bandwidth for values of |S11|<[-10dB] is 1.9 GHz from 2.3 GHz to 4.2 GHz (58.46%), while the measured impedance bandwidth of fabricated prototype is 2.13 GHz from 2.21 GHz to 4.34 GHz (65.03%).
The second antenna, which is a right-handed circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna fed by a Y-shaped feed line, has also been improved using an artificial magnetic conductor structure on its ground plane. A 5 x 5 array of AMC cells is used to reduce the height of the antenna to 0.13 λ. The simulation results show an impedance bandwidth of 1.24 GHz from 2.46 GHz to 3.7 GHz (40.25%), while the fabricated prototype has an impedance bandwidth of 1.3 GHz from 2.38 GHz to 3.68 GHz (44.52%).
A printed dipole antenna with reflector features a high gain. Accordingly a dual-polarized reflector antenna with high gain for base transceiver stations (BTS) is proposed. Design of this antenna is based on λ/2 printed dipoles supplied through Γ-shaped microstrip feed lines. The basic structure of the antenna is composed of two orthogonal radiating elements which are separately printed on two substrates. Each element has a λ/2 printed dipole on one side of the substrate and a 50 Ω Γ-shaped microstrip feed line on the other side. The combination of these two orthogonal radiating elements provides proper ± 45 dual-polarized characteristics for BTS applications. The radiating elements are placed on an aluminum slot reflector with side walls in order to make the antenna directional, and to increase the gain and the fron to back ratio (FBR) as well. A prototype of this antenna is manufactured and it covers the frequency range of 1.4-2.6 GHz due to the measured results. The average measured gain and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) are obtained 8.35 ± 0.55 dBi and 165, respectively.
Unidirectional base station antenna design using Magneto-Electric Dipole (MED) has created enormous interest among the researchers due to its excellent radiation characteristics like low back radiation, symmetrical radiation at E-plane and H-plane compared to conventional patch antenna. Generally, dual polarized antennas are used to increase channel capacity and reliability of the communication systems. In order to serve the evolving mobile communication standards like long term evolution LTE and beyond, unidirectional dual polarized MED antenna are required to have broad impedance bandwidth, broad half power beamwidth, high port isolation, low cross polarization level, high front to back ratio and high gain. In this paper, the critical electrical requirements of the base station antenna and frequently used frequency bands for modern mobile communication have been presented. It is followed by brief review on broadband patch antenna and discussion on complementary antenna concepts. Finally, the performance of linearly polarized and dual polarized magneto-electric dipole antennas along with their feeding techniques are discussed and summarized. Also, design and modeling of developed MED antenna is presented.
