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Among the characteristics in fifth generation (5G) networks, a massive number of devices and a network densification stand out. Hence, efficient location management is a key factor in enabling the network to track each user under the coverage area. In order to fulfill the requirements of 5G, a novel location management strategy was introduced by th...
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The integration of Time-Sensitive Networks (TSN) with 5G cellular networks requires a defined architecture for network configuration and management. Although 3GPP specifications provide necessary means for the TSN-5G integration, the operation of such converged TSN-5G network remains an open challenge for the research community. To address this cha...
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... The RRC state, the DRX cycle, the mobility of Ues, and directional paging generally influence the signaling resources expended in LM procedures. Conversely, the non-consideration of these factors influences the signaling resources expended by both paging and LU procedures [4], [5], and [16]. On this premise, this paper proposes a Modified gNB-based UE Tracking (M-UEMT) scheme that is different from the scheme in [4] to mitigate the signaling resources required to locate and track 5G inactive UEs at millimeter wave (mmwave) frequencies. ...
... To obtain the total accumulated signaling resources expended, the resource also expended in the RNAU process, which is represented in Eq. (18), is added to Eq. (16). ...
... The data for the modified scheme is generated using Eq. (16). In the work of [4], the gNB-based UEMT depicted a 92 % reduction in the total accumulated resources expended against the conventional scheme. ...
The signaling resources expended and the power consumed by User Equipments (UEs) in the Location Management (LM) procedures are expected to be higher in Fifth Generation (5G) than in legacy wireless communications networks. To mitigate this challenge, this work proposes a hybrid scheme that mitigates the signaling resources expended in paging and RAN-based Notification Area Update (RNAU) procedures in 5G. The approach utilizes a hybrid scheme that embeds a UE Identifier (UEID) partitioning scheme that directional pages UEs into a gNB-based UE Mobility Tracking (UEMT) scheme. The approach configures a gNB in an RRC_Inactive state to beam sweep a UEs last registered cell area before directionally paging the UE. The approach proposed in this work is implemented on a modified network architecture to reduce the signaling resources expended on both paging and RNAU of UEs at higher frequencies which is an enabling factor for mmWave systems. Simulation results of the total accumulated cost of paging showed a 65.13 % and 8.69 % reduction in signaling resources expended against the conventional approach and the existing gNB-based UEMT approach, respectively. Additionally, the total accumulated resources expended in both procedures over 24 hours showed that the modified gNB-based UEMT scheme outperformed the conventional scheme and the gNB-based UEMT scheme by 90.96 % and 38.36 %, respectively.
Internet of Things (IoT) services over 5G mobile networks will have unique communication characteristics of massive connectivity and sporadic small-scale data transfer. These characteristics increase the signaling overhead of C-plane message exchange associated with connection management in RAN and mobile core. 3GPP has standardized Small Data Transmission with RRC-INACTIVE that reduces this overhead. However, a new type of IoT service accompanied by device mobility is emerging. The 3GPP standard approach does not adequately account for the frequent device mobility and does not sufficiently reduce the overhead for these new IoT services. This paper proposes a new communication method for the mobility of IoT devices, which suppresses the signaling overhead of RAN and mobile core. It releases the device status management of RAN by introducing simplified status information. Our simulation results showed that the proposed method suppresses the signaling overhead compared with the 3GPP approaches. Specifically, the proposed method could reduce the signaling message exchange up to 28%.
Flexible numerology in 5G New Radio (NR) helps to reduce End-to-End (E2E) delay by supporting different slot duration options. But, higher numerologies can increase signaling overhead (in terms of Scheduling Requests (SRs) in uplink (UL)) for applications which are UL heavy in nature; as a consequence, the E2E delay of such applications could be impacted. This sudden increase in SRs in UL happens when the timing of the Constant-Bit-Rate (CBR) UL transmission is not properly aligned with the slot duration of the numerology employed and aggressive emptying of the buffered data at the User Equipments (UEs) by the UL scheduler. In this work, to minimize SRs while meeting the latency requirements of the UL heavy applications like vehicular applications, we propose a novel UL MAC scheduling algorithm named
RETALIN
. The proposed
RETALIN
is a queue-aware radio resource scheduler that estimates the probability of SR with respect to each UE (vehicle) and anatomizes the transient queue behavior by controlling backlogs of the UEs in order to reduce SRs and thereby mitigating an adverse impact of numerology in the UL traffic while keeping a bound on E2E delay of the vehicular applications. Extensive NS-3 simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed
RETALIN
scheme with mobility traces taken from Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) using OpenStreetMap. Simulation results show that the proposed
RETALIN
scheduling scheme significantly reduces link delay for different numerologies when compared with a state-of-art QoS scheduler. Further,
RETALIN
increases Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) while reducing signaling overhead due to SRs for UL scheduling. In the case of a High Definition Map (HD Map) vehicular application,
RETALIN
assists in increasing the Offloading Success Rate (OSR) over the QoS scheduler.
