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ROS activity within mammalian cells. At low levels, positive effects such as tissue repair and cell differentiation are initiated, while at high levels, uncontrolled cell activity may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, mutagenesis, and apoptosis.
Source publication
The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) has been found to occur during inflammatory procedures, during cell ischemia, and in various crucial developmental processes such as cell differentiation and along cell signaling pathways. The most common sources of intracellular RONS are the mitochondrial electron transport system, NADH...
Citations
... In the CAP-treated group, acute inflammation peaked earlier than in the control group, with a quantitative improvement in re-epithelialization [17]. A critical mechanism by which CAP facilitates wound healing is through the generation of reactive species, notably reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [18]. Among these, nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role. ...
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has rapidly advanced as a pivotal area in medical research, notably in wound healing and cancer therapy. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms underlying the action of CAP on wound healing and cancer treatment. CAP plays opposing roles in wound healing and cancer treatment. In wound healing, CAP promotes cell migration and proliferation and eradicates pathogens near the wound site. In cancer therapy, CAP has been recognized for its ability to induce cell death through multiple mechanisms. These include activating the mitochondrial pathway, provoking endoplasmic reticulum stress, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), causing DNA damage, arresting the cell cycle, and modulating signaling pathways. Additionally, CAP’s oxidative stress can lead to significant changes in DNA and RNA within the nucleus, further contributing to its anti-cancer properties. These diverse effects underscore CAP’s therapeutic potential, though outcomes may differ based on the type of cancer and experimental settings. Furthermore, we compared the CAP application conditions for wound healing and cancer cell treatment. The type and concentration of ROS and RNS depend on plasma generation and treatment conditions. Thus, we aimed to identify the correlations between plasma properties and mechanisms of action by comparing CAP generation and treatment conditions in wound healing and cancer cell treatment.
... Nitration, the addition of nitro functional groups to biomolecules, can occur due to exposure to reactive nitrogen species, such as those generated by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) [22]. CAP, an emerging technology, generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that induce modifications in the cell membrane [23]. Understanding the nitration effect on electroporation dynamics can shed light on the interplay between oxidative and nitrosative stress and cell membrane integrity [24]. ...
Electroporation, the transient permeabilization of cell membranes induced by electric fields, is an essential technique in biomedicine, facilitating gene delivery, drug transport, and cancer therapy. Despite its wide application, the influence of nitration, a biological modification involving the addition of nitro groups to phospholipids, on electroporation dynamics remains understudied. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of nitration on pore formation during electroporation. By systematically varying nitration levels and electric field strengths, we explore the nuanced interplay between nitration and electroporation kinetics. Our simulations reveal that increasing nitration levels significantly accelerate pore formation, with notable reductions in pore formation times observed at higher nitration percentages and stronger electric fields. This phenomenon underscores the modulatory role of nitration in altering the dynamics of electroporation. Additionally, our study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying this process, providing essential insights for optimizing electroporation protocols in gene therapy, drug delivery, plasma cancer treatment and related biomedical applications. These findings illuminate the synergistic relationship between nitration and electroporation, paving the way for future advancements in this vital field.
... The detailed protocol for this assay has recently been reported in our publication [23]. In summary, linoleic acid (50 mM) peroxidation was induced using FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O (FS) (2 mM in assay volume) after pre-treatment with the different concentrations (5,10,20,40, and 80 µg/mL in assay volume) of the samples and ascorbic acid (positive control). The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was used to measure the level of lipid peroxidation. ...
Oxidative stress is pivotal in the pathology of many diseases. This study investigated the antioxidant phytochemistry of avocado (Persea americana Mill) peel. Different solvent extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of avocado peel were subjected to total phenol and flavonoid quantification, as well as in vitro radical scavenging and ferric reducing evaluation. The methanol extract was subjected to gradient column chromatographic fractionation. Fraction 8 (eluted with hexane:chloroform:methanol volume ratio of 3:6.5:0.5, respectively) was subjected to LC-MS analysis. It was assessed for cellular inhibition of lipid peroxidation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ROS and NO production. The DPPH radical scavenging mechanism of chlorogenic acid was investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The methanol extract and fraction 8 had the highest phenol content and radical scavenging activity. Chlorogenic acid (103.5 mg/mL) and 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid (102.3 mg/mL) were the most abundant phenolics in the fraction. Fraction 8 and chlorogenic acid dose-dependently inhibited in vitro (IC50 = 5.73 and 6.17 µg/mL) and cellular (IC50 = 15.9 and 9.34 µg/mL) FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as LPS-induced ROS (IC50 = 39.6 and 28.2 µg/mL) and NO (IC50 = 63.5 and 107 µg/mL) production, while modulating antioxidant enzyme activity. The fraction and chlorogenic acid were not cytotoxic. DFT analysis suggest that an electron transfer, followed by proton transfer at carbons 3′OH and 4′OH positions may be the radical scavenging mechanism of chlorogenic acid. Considering this study is bioassay-guided, it is logical to conclude that chlorogenic acid strongly influences the antioxidant capacity of avocado fruit peel.
... Still, it can also induce the accumulation of active substances in cells, which play an important role in mediating cell death [29]. ROS is produced through redox reactions in the inflammatory process, cell ischemia processes, and various crucial developmental processes, such as cell differentiation and cell signal pathway [30]. Low levels of ROS can promote cell proliferation and tissue repair, while high levels will cause cell death and apoptosis [31,32]. ...
Background
Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) is a common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that mainly causes bacillary dysentery, especially in low socioeconomic countries. This study aimed to apply cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on S. flexneri directly to achieve rapid, efficient and environmentally friendly sterilization.
Methods
The operating parameters of the equipment were determined by plasma diagnostics. The plate count and transmission electron microscope were employed to calculate bacterial mortality rates and observe the morphological damage of bacterial cells. Measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anions were detected by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) and Dihydroethidium fluorescence probes, respectively. The fluorescence intensity (a. u.) reflects the relative contents. Additionally, the experiment about the single effect of temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and ROS on bacteria was conducted.
Results
The peak discharge voltage and current during plasma operation were 3.92kV and 66mA. After discharge, the bacterial mortality rate of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s of plasma treatment was 60.71%, 74.02%, 88.11% and 98.76%, respectively. It was shown that the intracellular ROS content was proportional to the plasma treatment time and ROS was the major contributor to bacterial death.
Conclusion
In summary, our results illustrated that the plasma treatment could inactivate S. flexneri efficiently, and the ROS produced by plasma is the leading cause of bacterial mortality. This highly efficient sterilization method renders plasma a highly promising solution for hospitals, clinics, and daily life.
... Recently, CAP has emerged as a new therapy that can deliver reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS) for biomedical applications [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . CAP is a multi-component, chemically active, and highly reactive ionized gas that is generated at room temperature under atmospheric conditions, usually from noble gases (i.e., helium or argon), and ows into ambient air or is directly created in air. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an air gas soft jet CAP for its potential use in removing oral biofilms, given that plasma-based technologies have emerged as promising methods in periodontology. Two types of biofilms were developed, one by Streptococcus mutans UA 159 bacterial strain and the other by a complex mixture of saliva microorganisms isolated from a patient with periodontitis. This latter biofilm was characterized via Next Generation Sequencing to determine the main bacterial phyla. The CAP source was applied at a distance of 6mm for different time points. A statistically significant reduction of both CFU count and XTT was detected after 60s of CAP treatment, while the treatment for 120s resulted in both biofilms eradication. CLSM analysis supported CAP effectiveness in killing the microorganisms inside the biofilm and in reducing the thickness of the biofilm matrix. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the possible use of CAP without important side effects towards human gingival fibroblasts cell line. The current study showed that CAP treatment was able to eradicate preformed biofilms developed by both S. mutans and the complex mixture of saliva microorganisms, representing a potential innovative strategy to counteract oral pathogens responsible for periodontal diseases.
... ZrO 2 could indeed exhibit electron transfer capabilities through redox reactions involving enzymes or other biomolecules, which ultimately lead to ROS generation. For instance, interactions between zirconia and cellular oxidases can result in ROS production [108], an argument that Asadpour et al. [109] adopted to explain a dose-dependent effect and an increased cytotoxicity of ZrO 2 particles on cell lines. ROS include superoxide radicals (•O 2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which are highly reactive and can induce oxidative stress within virions. ...
Hydrolytic reactions taking place at the surface of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) bioceramic were found to induce instantaneous inactivation of Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1, also known as Herpes simplex virus 1 or HSV-1). Si3N4 is a non-oxide ceramic compound with strong antibacterial and antiviral properties that has been proven safe for human cells. HSV-1 is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects a variety of host tissues through a lytic and latent cycle. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of HSV-1 DNA after instantaneous contact with Si3N4 showed that ammonia and its nitrogen radical byproducts, produced upon Si3N4 hydrolysis, directly reacted with viral proteins and fragmented the virus DNA, irreversibly damaging its structure. A comparison carried out upon testing HSV-1 against ZrO2 particles under identical experimental conditions showed a significantly weaker (but not null) antiviral effect, which was attributed to oxygen radical influence. The results of this study extend the effectiveness of Si3N4’s antiviral properties beyond their previously proven efficacy against a large variety of single-stranded enveloped and non-enveloped RNA viruses. Possible applications include the development of antiviral creams or gels and oral rinses to exploit an extremely efficient, localized, and instantaneous viral reduction by means of a safe and more effective alternative to conventional antiviral creams. Upon incorporating a minor fraction of micrometric Si3N4 particles into polymeric matrices, antiherpetic devices could be fabricated, which would effectively impede viral reactivation and enable high local effectiveness for extended periods of time.
... Plasma, regarded as the fourth fundamental state of matter, is defined as a quasineutral system in a gaseous or fluid-like form which can be artificially created in an electromagnetic field coupled with a flow of neutral gases such as oxygen, argon, helium, nitrogen, or atmospheric air [112,113]. Plasma is a heterogenous mixture composed of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, etc.), reactive nitrogen species (RNS; nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, etc.), charged particles, excited atoms, electrical field, positive and negative ions, and UV radiation [114][115][116], all of which are known to possess strong antimicrobial properties. Their synergistic action results in the numerous benefits of plasma as an efficient, cost-effective, and non-toxic bactericidal agent [112]. ...
The primary role of semen processing and preservation is to maintain a high proportion of structurally and functionally competent and mature spermatozoa, that may be used for the purposes of artificial reproduction when needed, whilst minimizing any potential causes of sperm deterioration during ex vivo semen handling. Out of a multitude of variables determining the success of sperm preservation, bacterial contamination has been acknowledged with an increased interest because of its often unpredictable and complex effects on semen quality. Whilst antibiotics are usually the most straight-forward option to prevent the bacterial contamination of semen, antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat requiring widespread attention. As such, besides discussing the consequences of bacteriospermia on the sperm vitality and the risks of antibiotic overuse in andrology, this paper summarizes the currently available evidence on alternative strategies to prevent bacterial contamination of semen prior to, during, and following sperm processing, selection, and preservation. Alternative antibacterial supplements are reviewed, and emphasis is given to modern methods of sperm selection that may be combined by the physical removal of bacteria prior to sperm preservation or by use in assisted reproductive technologies.
... In addition, the slope of the WH plot determines the strain of the samples, which also depicted a decline with plasma exposure. Oxygen plasma is an ensemble of oxygen radicals, energetic photons, and charged species that are plausibly accountable for the reduction of particle size [38]. Thus, it is indicative that plasma can be employed for the reduction of particle size in nanoparticles. ...
A methodical inquiry of the outcome of oxygen plasma exposure in low bandwidth compounds belonging to the perovskite family Pr1-xSrxMnO3 manganites where x = 0.5, has been presented in this communication by comparing the structural and transport properties of the untreated and plasma treated samples. It is witnessed that the high-temperature transmission is carried out by small polarons while the low-temperature transmission is attributed to variable range polarons. The changes in the transport properties may be attributed to the structural modification due to plasma exposure as revealed by the Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern. Further, oxygen plasma exposure boosts the conductivity due to the integration of oxygen ions in the plasma-exposed samples, thereby rendering them oxygen-rich.
... Protein glycation and oxidative stress are physiological phenomena associated with a number of human ailments, such as cancer, neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases (Jha et al., 2017;Pizzino et al., 2017). Protein glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amino groups of macromolecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid (Younus and Anwar, 2016;Froldi et al., 2019). ...
The quest for discovery of a new antiglycation and antioxidant drug still remains a major priority in medicine and related clinical sectors. Against this backdrop, the antioxidant and antiglycation activities of ethylacetate, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Syzygium guineense (SG) and Borassus aethiopum (BA) leaves including their phytochemical compositions were evaluated in an in vitro trial. DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, antiglycation activity and qualitative phytochemical screening in vitro assay were employed respectively. Our result revealed that triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, tannins and flavonoids were detected in the plants leaves extracts. The extracts demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.05) low antioxidant and antiglycation activities except the aqueous extract of BA leaves, which displayed a significantly (p < 0.05) high antiglycation ability. Overall, data from the current study showed that ethylacetate, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of the plants leaves have potential effect towards lowering oxidative stress and protein glycation and thus should be exploited for further research in the area of drug discovery.
... [37][38][39][40]. Moreover, the generation of reactive oxygen species [41][42][43] and their application in antimicrobial dental therapy [44][45][46], as well as the use of CaO 2 for environmental purposes have been widely reported [47][48][49]. ...
Periodontitis is a common global disease caused by bacterial dysbiosis leading to tissue destruction, and it is strongly associated with anaerobic bacterial colonization. Therapeutic strategies such as oxygen therapy have been developed to positively influence the dysbiotic microbiota, and the use of oxygen-releasing substances may offer an added benefit of avoiding systemic effects commonly associated with antibiotics taken orally or hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Therefore, the oxygen release of calcium peroxide (CaO2) was measured using a dissolved oxygen meter, and CaO2 solutions were prepared by dissolving autoclaved CaO2 in sterile filtered and deionized water. The effects of CaO2 on planktonic bacterial growth and metabolic activity, as well as on biofilms of Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were investigated through experiments conducted under anaerobic conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of CaO2 as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of periodontitis. Results showed that CaO2 selectively inhibited the growth and viability of P. gingivalis (p < 0.001) but had little effect on S. oralis (p < 0.01), indicating that CaO2 has the potential to selectively affect both planktonic bacteria and mono-species biofilms of P. gingivalis. The results of this study suggest that CaO2 could be a promising antimicrobial agent with selective activity for the treatment of periodontitis.
