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In this paper, design, fabrication, assembly and testing of unique high read-range high-efficiency (95%) radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna for the 915 MHZ UHF band are discussed. The exceptional characteristics of the RFID are investigated in terms of antenna-IC matching and radiation efficiency. The 915 MHz passive tag is a 3" times 3"...
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Context 1
... RFID antenna structure is shown in Fig. 1. The single dipole antenna is comprised of a resistive shorting stub with length j and width i, a double inductive stub, and a radiating body. The 250-bit read/write chip is mounted on the 4 ports, namely RF1, RF2, Vdd, and Vss at the feeding point as presented in Fig. 1. RF1 and RF2 ports are the RF signal terminals. Vdd is the open ...
Context 2
... RFID antenna structure is shown in Fig. 1. The single dipole antenna is comprised of a resistive shorting stub with length j and width i, a double inductive stub, and a radiating body. The 250-bit read/write chip is mounted on the 4 ports, namely RF1, RF2, Vdd, and Vss at the feeding point as presented in Fig. 1. RF1 and RF2 ports are the RF signal terminals. Vdd is the open port to measure the IC bias voltage and Vss is the ground port. The chip is designed to be operational with both single and dual dipole antennas. The RF signal ports RF1 and RF2 are needed to be shorted to deliver the information to the charge pump in the IC with the same ...
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A broadband two-layer and two quasihalf loops antenna (TTLA) at UHF is characterized and analyzed for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) near-field radiofrequency identification (RFID) applications. The antenna is investigated in terms of impedance matching and distribution of magnetic field as well as applied in two scenarios which are the experiments of i...
![figura 3. Coupling a RFID. Figura extreta de [14].](profile/Joaquim-Oller-Bosch/publication/42252415/figure/fig1/AS:644656853434378@1530709579602/figura-3-Coupling-a-RFID-Figura-extreta-de-14_Q320.jpg)
![figura 4. Singularització d'etiquetes RFID. Extret de [7].](profile/Joaquim-Oller-Bosch/publication/42252415/figure/fig2/AS:644656853434380@1530709579687/figura-4-Singularitzacio-detiquetes-RFID-Extret-de-7_Q320.jpg)
A passive RFID tag with security and measurement concepts is presented. The sensor interface module has a resistance deviation-to-time interval converter. The passive RFID tag embedded with a converter is described. A prototype RFID tag using a converter has been built with CMOS 0.35um technology. The experimental results have shown that the tag ha...
Citations
... Then, the fabrication of more complicated printed circuit antenna design-based MTMs were realized in Elwi 12 and Yang et al. 13 A flexible radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based wireless gas sensor was conducted to carbon nanotube films as one chip fashion in. 14 In Yang et al, 15 an open complementary split ring resonator printed meander RFID tag was introduced. The carbon fiber-based conductive composite was introduced for RFID tags in Elwi et al. 16 Moreover, microstrip antenna-based carbon fiber ink was introduced in Elwi et al 17 and Shire et al 18 for different applications. ...
... Finally, these modes are combined to gather due to the introduction of the proposed EBG layer that realizes modes sweeping by removing the imaginary capacitive parts to match between the real parts of these resonances over a wide bandwidth . 14 In Figure 15, the measured radiation patterns at 3, 5.8, 7.5, 10, 11.5, and 13GHz are presented. The measurements are compared against their simulated results from CST MWS only due to space limitations. ...
This paper presents a design of an ultra‐wideband (UWB) cylindrical metamaterial (MTM) antenna for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting to suit the fields of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The patch circuitry is based on 3×5 Hilbert‐shaped MTM unit cells array to enhance the antenna bandwidth. While, the antenna ground plane is defected with an electromagnetic band gap structure to enhance the gain. The antenna is mounted on a polytetrafluoroethylene cylindrical substrate of an outer diameter of 15 mm and length of 32 mm with 1 mm in thickness. The substrate relative permittivity is 2.04, and the loss tangent is 0.0002. The antenna patch and the ground plane structures are printed with silver nanoparticles ink using a 2.5D CNC plotter machine. The fabricated prototype provides an UWB over the frequency range from 3.77 up to 13.89 GHz with a first separate resonant mode at 3 GHz. The antenna performance is tested numerically using two different software packages of CST MWS and HFSS. Then, an experimental validation is conducted to realize the performance of the proposed antenna in harvesting the RF energy. Excellent conversion efficiency, about 90%, is achieved at 5.8 GHz. Finally, the antenna radiation patterns and S11 spectrum are measured and compared against their simulated results to achieve good agreements.
... The microchip NSC MM9647 can be applied to the tag in UHF band. Its impedance is Z chip = 80 -j 120 Ω [31]. The effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP r ) of the reader is 1.2 W, the sensitivity P chip of tag microchip is -10 dBm, the maximum tag antenna gain G = 3.35 dBi, and the activation distance dwith is d max = 5 m. ...
The chapter presents innovative planar antennas for beam steering and radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. Beam steering has become vital in commercial wireless communications, including mobile satellite communications where high data rate communication is required. The chapter describes a low-cost beam-steering antenna based on a leaky-wave antenna structure that is capable of steering the main radiation beam of the antenna over a large range from −30° to +15°. Interest in RFID systems operating in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) is rapidly growing as it offers benefits of long read range and low cost, which make it an excellent system for use in distribution and logistics systems. This chapter presents a technique of overcoming the limitations of conventional HF coils in RFID tags where the total length of the spiral antenna is restricted inside the available area of the tag.
The microchip NSC MM9647 can be applied to the tag in UHF band. Its impedance is Z chip = 80 – j 120 Ω [31]. The effective isotropic radiated power (EIRPr) of the reader is 1.2 W, the sensitivity P chip of tag microchip is -10 dBm, the maximum tag antenna gain G = 3.35 dBi, and the activation distance dwith is d max = 5 m. Therefore, from Eq. (2), the power transmission factor τ is 0.95. The tag antenna impedance from Figure 11 is Z A(UHF) = 49 + j9 Ω at 785 MHz, Z A(UHF) = 50+ j 8Ω at 835 MHz, and Z A(UHF) = 48+ j 11Ω at 925 MHz; hence from Eq. (3), the RFID’s microchip impedance of Z chip = 80 – jΩ enables conjugate matching to be obtained.
... Various types of low cost substrates like papers, fabrics, and organic material have been used for RF circuit fabrications. Ink-jet printed paper substrates, for example, are excellent candidates for huge mass production and could be extremely low-cost for various RF applications including RFID tags, sensors, flex circuits, and even thin-film batteries [1][2][3]. These fabric sensors ae excellent candidate for body wearable sensors, and large area electronics for tampering detection applications. ...
Over the past few years, engineers have been exploring the utilization of various types of substrates like fabrics, organic, and even papers substrate to fabricate microwave components. Use of such flexible substrates renders simplified fabrication process, and can easily lead to low cost mass production and fast turn around. But they generally have a serious problem that is water absorption that would significantly degrade their performance. In this paper, we utilize a super-hydrophobic material to cover these circuits to minimize water absorption while sustaining their RF performance. The results show very consistent performance before and after applying the super-hydrophobic coating on the antenna surface and minimal degradation if any.
... The microchip NSC MM9647 can be applied to the tag in UHF band. Its impedance is Z chip = 80j 120 Ω [43]. As the effective transmitted power EIRP r of reader is 1.2 W, the sensitivity P chip of tag microchip is −10 dBm, the maximum tag antenna gain G = 3.35 dBi, and the activation distance d with boundary condition d max = 5 m, therefore from (2) the power transmission factor t = 0.95. ...
A novel single-radiator card-type tag is proposed which is constructed using a series Hilbert-curve loop and matched stub for high frequency (HF)/ultra high frequency (UHF) dual-band radio frequency identification (RFID) positioning applications. This is achieved by merging the series Hilbert-curve for implementing the HF coil antenna, and square loop structure for implementing the UHF antenna to form a single RFID tag radiator. The RFID tag has directivity of 1.75 dBi at 25 MHz, 2.65 dBi at 785 MHz, 2.82 MHz at 835 MHz and 2.75 dBi at 925 MHz. The tag exhibits circular polarisation with -3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 14, 480, 605 and 455 MHz at 25, 785, 835 and 925 MHz, respectively. The radiation characteristics of the RFID tag is quasi-omnidirectional in its two orthogonal planes. Impedance matching circuits for the HF/UHF dual-band RFID tag are designed for optimal power transfer with the microchip. The resulting dual-band tag is highly compact in size and possesses good overall performance which makes it suitable for diverse applications.
... Application of mechanically flexible substrates in flexible electronics such as e-paper display [9][10][11] microprocessor [12], and radio frequency identification (RFID) tag [13] are actively being researched and developed. Similar idea of generating SAW on such flexible piezoelectric substrate is also highly desirable as proposed in few sensor related articles [14][15][16]. ...
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) delay lines microfabrication is outlined and its characteristics due to wet chemical etching process variation are investigated. The SAW delay lines consist of Al inter-digital transducers (IDT) on LiNbO3 substrate. It is designed with specific IDT feature size to produce SAW at predetermined central frequency, f0. The effect of the etching process onto the IDT, in particular the feature size, is investigated using field emission secondary electron microscope (FESEM). The effect is then translated into transfer characteristics of the SAW delay lines by measuring its transmission and reflection coefficient using network analyzer. It is found that even with a ~5 μm IDT feature size variation due to the wet chemical etching process, the fabricated delay lines can still produce SAW at the designed f0, and hence a process-tolerant SAW delay lines.
... The optimized prototypes of tags have been fabricated by the conventional photolithography technique [20]. The structure of antenna on the mask is developed by wet etching in acid solution to a copper thin film, about 1 µm thick, presputtered on PET film of 80µm thickness as in Fig. 11. ...
... The optimized prototypes of tags have been fabricated by the conventional photolithography technique [20]. The structure of antenna on the mask is developed by wet etching in acid solution to a copper thin film, about 1 µm thick, presputtered on PET film of 80µm thickness as in Fig. 11. ...
In this paper, we present two different designs for Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) passive tags. The first proposed design has been mounted on AK3 Tagsys® loop, which is a small loop antenna already connected to the chip while the second approach is connected directly with RFID chip. The optimized designs have compact size and bandwidth for worldwide UHF RFID applications (860MHz to 960 MHz). The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be also discussed. From the experimental results, these designs have the acceptable read-range for ETSI regulations of RFID (9.6m and 5.97m) and can be applied for real-world applications. However, the calibration between the simulation and the characterization in order to remove the tolerance of fabrication process should be executed in future steps to obtain the best performance by improving the proposed designs.
... This structure is shown in Fig. 1 with its equivalent circuit. This general structure covers most of the reported RFID antennas, see [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], and has three main parts: the small feeding loop and the extension part(s) forming a modified dipole. In the structure in Fig. 1, these two parts are combined together by a direct connection, while in other case; they could be connected by mutual coupling. ...
This paper describes a series of high-efficiency miniaturized antennas of different sizes that can be integrated with the same wireless-powered RFID chip. Since this RFID chip has power scavenging capability in different ISM bands, several integrated on-chip and off-chip antennas in the three ISM bands of 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz are designed, including one antenna integrated on chip. All proposed antennas are derived from a new planar antenna structure which can be designed toward arbitrary input impedance within a given area constraint. The measurement results for the presented antennas show a different read range. The resulting read range versus antenna size diagram specifies the best operating frequency band for a given read range and occupied area. Though this diagram depends on the chip's specifications like the power-on sensitivity and input impedance, it can be generated for any chip. In addition, the measurement results concerning read range and radiation patterns for the proposed antennas are presented and compared with simulation results, showing very good agreement.
... Liquid crystal polymer LCP substrate with dielectric constant ε r = 2.9, thickness of 0.05 mm and loss tangent tanδ = 0.0025 is used as antenna substrate where flexible, reliable and low cost features are provided, so the proposed structure gains these features. Comparing the proposed antenna with an area of 2177.8 mm 2 with different shapes of UHF tag antennas [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], form the point of view of antenna size, one can conclude that compactness trend is also achieved, table 1. The proposed Hilbert folded dipole antenna achieves a frequency band from 850 MHz -1270 MHz which is suitable for the UHF RFID frequency band world wide applications. ...
This paper presents firstly, analysis of conventional wire folded dipole using transmission line model and modified T-matched circuit model to find its input impedance. Secondly, three antennas namely, printed conventional, printed bended and Hilbert folded dipole antennas are proposed and compared. Hilbert folded one is chosen for fabrication due to its suitability for the RFID UHF applications. Cost reduction universality, compactness and flexibility are considered. T-matched chart is used for matching the antennas input impedance to RFID chip input impedance. Structure mode radar cross section (RCS) and conjugate match factor (CMF) are investigated. Power reflection coefficient (PRC) of the proposed structure is computed, measured and discussed.
... Furthermore, strong development of RFID technology results in more professional and flexible antenna design to meet technical and social requirements. Thus, the problem of RFID antennas has been attracting the attention of many experts, researchers, engineers as well as students that has been shown in different references [2][3] [4]. In [2], a special antenna structure with a 90-degree bent patch has been proposed to have half-field radiation of 4.72 dBi and a bandwidth of about 25 MHz. ...
... However, the antenna efficiency has not been mentioned. In [4], the authors have proposed a special antenna form on a flexible square Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate in order to obtain a high efficiency. As it can be seen, the meandering shape of a dipole antenna can reduce its size, but also has some weaknesses. ...
An antenna structure for UHF RFID tag matched to ST Microelectronics XRAG2 passive tag IC is proposed in this paper. The design is realized on PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) substrate that has the overall dimension of 82.5 mm × 45.29 mm. The simulation shows that the proposed zigzag-shaped antenna has the return loss at the resonant frequency of -39 dB and omni-directional radiation characteristics with the maximum gain of about 1.97 dBi that is much better than that of the initial meander dipole. The prototype antenna was tested by Rohde & Shwarz ZVB Vector Network Analyzer and showed good fit with the simulation results.
