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XRD pattern of WMTA, CEM 1 and CEM 2 (C3S; tricalcium silicate, C2S; dicalcium silicate, BO; bismuth oxide, BOS; bismuth oxide silicate).
Source publication
The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and particle morphology of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and two white Portland cements (CEM 1 and CEM 2). Compositional analysis was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction whereas, morphological characte...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... results of XRD analysis showed that tricalcium silicate (3CaO•SiO 2, produced by blending of CaO and SiO2) was the major mineral phase present in all the three materials. WMTA was composed primarily of tricalcium silicate and bismuth oxide (Fig. 1) ...
Context 2
... analysis showed tricalcium silicate as the major mineral phase present in all the three materials (Fig. 1). According to Camilleri et al., white ProRoot MTA is composed primarily of tricalcium silicate and bismuth oxide whereas, gray ProRoot MTA contains tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate and bismuth oxide 5) . Tricalcium silicate is the most important mineral phase of PC and is responsible for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate ...
Citations
... hal ini juga harus menjadi pertimbangan untuk beberapa bahan klinis kedokteran gigi. [9][10][11][12] Berdasarkan pada hasil temuan yang tertera pada tabel 4.1 di atas terlihat dengan jelas kandungan unsur mineral yang terbesar ditemukan pada PCC yaitu unsur mineral kalsium (Ca) sebesar 80.5%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar kalsium pada MTA Rootdent dengan selisih sekitar 35,9% serta hampir setara dengan kadar kalsium yang dimiliki oleh MTA Angelus. Kadar kalsium yang tinggi dimiliki oleh PCC menunjukkan bahwa potensi terbentuknya calcium hidroksida lebih besar ketika material ini mengalami proses hidrasi. ...
Material kedokteran gigi dikembangkan tidak hanya memiliki kemampuan antimikroba yang berguna untuk mencegah infeksi namun juga bersifat bioactive untuk menginduksi terjadinya regenerasi sel serta membantu proses pembentukan tulang. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan kesamaan komposisi MTA dan semen portland. Aceh memiliki kekayaan mineral alam yang melimpah dan memproduksi semen portland yang berstandar internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan investigasi komposisi semen portland produksi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan bubuk semen portland komposit (PCC) produksi PT Semen Bangun Andalas, Lhoknga Aceh Besar dengan nomor SNI 1570642004 dan sebagai kontrol pembanding digunakan dua produk komersial MTA yang diproduksi oleh Angelus (MTA Angelus) dan Technodent (Rootdent). Pemeriksaan komposisi unsur mineral menggunakan XRF (X Ray Fluorences). Hasil pemeriksaan XRF menunjukkan komposisi dan konsentrasi yang hampir sama antara semen Portland Aceh produksi PT Bangun Andalas, Lhoknga Aceh Besar dengan komersial MTA (MTA Angelus dan Rootdent) serta didapatkan konsentrasi unsur mineral kalsium pada PCC Aceh jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan MTA Rootdent dan mendekati konsentrasi MTA Angelus. Oleh karena itu, semen portland Aceh memiliki kemungkinan berpotensi sebagai semen kalsium silikat yang digunakan sebagai material kedokteran gigi dan alternatif pengganti untuk MTA. Kata Kunci: Semen Portland Aceh, MTA, XRF, Komposisi dan Konsentrasi
... The sharp peaks at 28.4 ϒ , 32 ϒ, 34.4 ϒ, and 41.4 ϒ were indicative of a tricalcium silicate phase. 36 The peak at 34 ϒ was additional proof that calcium hydroxide was present in the mixture as a result of the hydration reaction. 37 In addition, the peaks around 49.4° and 50.2° indicate the presence of zirconium oxide. ...
... The phase analysis of pristine set BioRoot™ RCS showed peaks indicative of a tricalcium silicate phase 36 calcium hydroxide that was present in the mixture as a result of the hydration reaction 37 and zirconium oxide. 38 Observing the pattern of Bioroot composites with CN, diffraction peaks relevant to pure Bioroot did not change indicating that the material was not affected by the addition of CN in terms of crystal structure. ...
Objectives:
A root canal sealer that can increase the resistance of endodontically treated teeth to compressive strength would be of great advantage. The purpose of this study is to use three different nanoparticles: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Titanium carbides (TC), and Boron nitrides (BN) into a bioceramic adhesive root canal sealer; BioRoot™ RCS, in an attempt to improve its structural and compressive strength properties.
Methods:
Three composites of two weight fractions (1- and 2-wt.%) were produced by mixing each nanomaterial separately with a pre-weighed mass of Bioroot powder. The microstructural properties and compressive strength of the different hardened composites obtained were investigated. The composites have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compression testing was performed.
Results:
The 1-wt.% composites, Bioroot/MWCNTs, and Bioroot/TC, except for the one reinforced with BN, displayed a significant improvement in the compressive strength compared to pristine BioRoot™ RCS. The 2-wt.% composites showed no significant improvement in the compressive strength.
Conclusion:
The addition of 1-wt.% MWCNTs and TC nanomaterials can be considered in the future for enhancing the microstructure and compressive strength properties of pristine BioRoot™ RCS.
... The phase analysis of pristine set BioRoot RCS (Fig. 4)shows that it is mainly composed of three phases: tricalcium silicate (TCS) at the sharp peaks 28.4⁰, 32⁰, 34.4⁰, and 41.4⁰ (Baghdadi et al., 2020;Khalil et al., 2016;Khan et al., 2016;Ravaszová and Dvořák, 2020), calcium hydroxide (CH) at peak 34⁰ that was present as a result of the hydration reaction (Kaszewski et al., 2017;Khan et al., 2016), and zirconium oxide (ZO) with peaks around 49.4⁰ and 50.2⁰ (Kaszewski et al., 2017;Khalil et al., 2016). ...
... The phase analysis of pristine set BioRoot RCS (Fig. 4)shows that it is mainly composed of three phases: tricalcium silicate (TCS) at the sharp peaks 28.4⁰, 32⁰, 34.4⁰, and 41.4⁰ (Baghdadi et al., 2020;Khalil et al., 2016;Khan et al., 2016;Ravaszová and Dvořák, 2020), calcium hydroxide (CH) at peak 34⁰ that was present as a result of the hydration reaction (Kaszewski et al., 2017;Khan et al., 2016), and zirconium oxide (ZO) with peaks around 49.4⁰ and 50.2⁰ (Kaszewski et al., 2017;Khalil et al., 2016). ...
Aim
Bioceramic root canal sealers like BioRoot RCS have received significant attention for use in endodontics. The addition of a nanophase material like multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and titanium carbide (TC) to its matrix combined with pressureless sintering might have the potential for improved physiochemical, microstructure, and compressive strength properties.
Method
ology: MWCNTs and TC nanomaterials were added at a percentage of 1 wt% to a definite weight of pristine BioRoot RCS. Two composites were prepared by ball milling followed by pressureless sintering in static nitrogen at temperatures 600 °C and 800 °C. The setting time, solubility, pH, compressive strength, and density were determined and compared to pristine BioRoot RCS. The microstructural properties of the composites were investigated by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM.
Results
The final setting time before and after sintering at 600 °C of the composites was accelerated compared to Bioroot RCS (p = 0.016). The solubility of Bioroot/TC sintered at 600 °C was the lowest (p = 0.07) and its compressive strength was the highest among the sintered samples (p = 0.01). The incorporation of MWCNTs and TC had a significant increase in the compressive strength of Bioroot RCS (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The obtained results support the addition of nanomaterials to Bioroot RCS and the use of pressureless sintering.
... Ca ions contribute to the formation and mineralization of hard tissue. Therefore, extended Ca release from calcium silicate-based cements can influence the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stem cells and osteoblast progenitors [39,40]. In the present study, all tested calcium silicate-based cements were associated with an alkaline pH ( Table 2), consistent with the findings of previous studies [23,41,42]. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and mineralization potential of four calcium silicate-based cements on human gingiva-derived stem cells (GDSCs). The materials evaluated in the present study were ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Biodentine (Septodont), Endocem Zr (Maruchi), and RetroMTA (BioMTA). Experimental disks of 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height were produced and placed in a 100% humidified atmosphere for 48 h to set. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of the cements using methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) and live/dead staining assays. We used a scratch wound healing assay to evaluate cell migratory ability. Mineralization potential was determined with an Alizarin red S (ARS) staining assay. In the MTT assay, no significant differences were found among the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and control groups during the test period (p > 0.05). The Endocem Zr and RetroMTA groups showed relatively lower cell viability than the control group at day 7 (p < 0.05). In the wound healing assay, no significant differences were found among the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, Endocem Zr, and control groups during the test period (p > 0.05). The RetroMTA group had slower cell migration compared to the control group at days 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). In the ARS assay, the ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and RetroMTA groups exhibited a significant increase in the formation of mineralized nodules compared to the Endocem Zr and control groups on day 21 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the four calcium silicate-based cements evaluated in the present study exhibited good biological properties on GDSCs. ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and RetroMTA showed higher mineralization potential than the Endocem Zr and control groups.
... Bioceramic sealers can produce an alkaline pH after mixing, due to the presence of calcium hydroxide on its composition, calcium release is important for the bioactivity of this sealer class [1,17] viability rate [18], However, the results of this study showed that besides these effects, BC Sealer showed a higher viability. As sealers might inadvertently extrude through the apical constriction during placement [19], the presence of BC Sealer in the apical tissues would promote less cytotoxicity than the other sealers. ...
Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and migration of Endosequence Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BC Sealer) compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus.
Materials and methods:
BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus were placed in contact with culture medium to obtain sealers extracts in dilution 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. 3T3 cells were plated and exposed to the extracts. Cell viability and migration were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Scratch assay, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05).
Results:
The MTT assay revealed greater cytotoxicity for AH Plus and MTA Fillapex at 1:1 dilution when compared to control (p < 0.05). At 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions, all sealers were similar to control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than BC Sealer (p < 0.05). Scratch assay demonstrated the continuous closure of the wound according to time. At 30 hours, the control group presented closure of the wound (p < 0.05). At 36 hours, only BC Sealer presented the closure when compared to AH Plus and MTA Fillapex (p < 0.05). At 42 hours, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex showed a wound healing (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
All tested sealers demonstrated cell viability highlighting BC Sealer, which showed increased cell migration capacity suggesting that this sealer may achieve better tissue repair when compared to other tested sealers.
... Calcium ions play an essential role in the development of hard tissue and mineralization activity. This extended Ca 2+ release may explain why calcium silicate-based sealers are bioactive and affect the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells and osteoblast progenitor cells [34,35]. ...
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects and mineralization activity of three calcium silicate-based root canal sealers to those of a conventional resin-based sealer. Experiments were performed using human dental pulp stem cells grown in a monolayer culture. The root canal sealers tested in this study were EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler), BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Endoseal MTA (Maruchi), and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey). Experimental disks 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height were made and stored in a 100% humidity chamber at 37 °C for 72 h to achieve setting. The cytotoxicity of various root canal sealers was evaluated using a methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To evaluate cell migration ability, a scratch wound healing method was used, and images of the scratch area were taken using a phase-contrast microscope. Cell morphology was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope after direct exposure for 72 h to each sealer disk. In the cell viability assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). In the cell migration assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). BioRoot RCS exhibited slower cell migration relative to EndoSequence BC and Endoseal MTA for up to 72 h (p < 0.05). Conversely, it showed a similar wound healing percentage at 96 h (p > 0.05). In an evaluation of cell morphology, cells in direct contact with EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA disks showed superior spreading compared to those in contact with the AH Plus disk. In an Alizarin red staining assay, EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA showed a significant increase in mineralized nodule formation compared to the AH Plus group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all calcium silicate-based root canal sealers tested in this study showed good biological properties and mineralization activity compared to conventional resin-based sealer.
... A similarity is seen in the MTA used in this study and ProRoot MTA, since tricalcium silicate is the major mineral phase in both materials. Tricalcium silicate is the most important mineral phase of cement and is responsible for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide during the setting reaction as [47], 2(3CaO·SiO 2 )+6H 2 O→ 3CaO·2SiO 2 ·3H 2 O+3Ca(OH) 2 The presence of ferrite phase was negligible after a careful analysis in the XRD pattern. This result is in agreement with previous reports who found that iron oxide was absent in white MTA [48]. ...
The objectives of this study are to reduce the particle size distribution of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and to investigate its impact on setting time, radiopacity, flexural and compressive strength. Furthermore, the effect of adding multi-walled carbon nanotube to MTA composite was studied. MTA particles sizes were decreased using Wet-Stirred-Media-Milling (time intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 20 h). The distilled water and multi-walled carbon nanotube (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 wt%) were mixed and added to the MTA for hydration. MTA setting time, flexural and compressive strength and radiopacitiy were measured. Moreover, the unset MTA was analysed using x-ray-diffraction and the surface of the set MTA was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Tukey's HSD test shows that initial and final setting times were decreased significantly up to 15 h of milling (p < 0.05). Flexural/Compressive strength of MTA were significantly decreased after milling for 10 and 20 h (p < 0.05). The flexural strength and compressive strength of the specimens reinforced with MCNTs show an increase of 76% and 10.2%, over plain MTA specimens. The results suggest that MTA setting-time can be accelerated and regulated by reducing particle size distribution without adding chemicals. The mechanical properties of MTA were significantly improved with the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube without negative impact on setting time. In this study, a Nano Fast Cement composite with short setting time and high strength was developed by modification of MTA material.
... It should be noted that similar to other bioceramic materials, this new generation of sealers has a basic pH and sustained release of calcium ions for days during the setting process (26). Importantly, this sustained calcium release has been shown to be at least partly responsible for the bioactivity of calcium silicate materials on the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells into a mineralizing phenotype (27,28). Similar to other studies, we also found that the components leached out of Roth (a ZOE-based sealer) and AH Plus have marked cytotoxicity (29)(30)(31). ...
Introduction
Endodontic sealers have traditionally been used to seal dentinal tubules, creating a homogenous interface between the obturation material and the dentinal walls. However, bioceramic sealers have potential added benefits because of their bioactivity. After adequate endodontic therapy, osseous healing is largely dependent on the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts. We hypothesized that EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler, Savannah, GA) and ProRoot ES (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN) have superior biocompatibility and osteogenic potential compared with Roth (Roth International, Chicago, IL) and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey Gmbh, Konstanz, Germany) sealers.
Methods
A murine osteoblast precursor cell line (IDG-SW3) was exposed to a wide range of concentrations for each of the sealers for 7 days. The relative cell viability was determined by luminescence assay based on adenosine triphosphate quantification (CellTiter-Glo [Promega, Madison, Wisconsin]). The osteogenic potential was determined by fluorescence microscopy of DMP-1 expression, alizarin red staining, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for known markers of osteogenesis such as DMP-1, ALP, and Phex. Data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance or 1-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results
Both bioceramic sealers have excellent biocompatibility even at high concentrations. Conversely, cell death was detected when Roth and AH Plus were used at concentrations 100× lower than the bioceramic groups. Importantly, both bioceramic sealers significantly enhanced osteoblastic differentiation although greater responses were noted with EndoSequence BC Sealer. This was evidenced by increased DMP-1 expression, robust up-regulation of osteogenic marker gene expression, and superior mineral deposition. Osteoblastic differentiation and function were significantly impaired when Roth or AH Plus sealer was used.
Conclusions
EndoSequence BC Sealer and ProRoot ES were significantly more biocompatible and promoted osteoblastic differentiation, a bioactivity not found in AH Plus and Roth sealers.
... Thus, the null hypothesis was accepted. It has been shown that the chemical components of both materials present a mixture of dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite [9,36]. The main difference between the materials is related to the presence of bismuth oxide in MTA, which provides radiopacity to this material [9,10]. ...
o evaluate the sealing capacity and retention of apical barriers made with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC). Material and Methods: Fifty-six bovine incisors were sectioned 8 mm above and 12 mm below the cement-enamel junction. The root canal was enlarged with a diamond drill to create a standard 2.5 mm diameter opening. Apical sheets of 5 mm thickness were placed using white MTA-Angelus or white PC. Fifteen samples of each material were exposed to human saliva in a dual chamber apparatus and casting was evaluated at 30 days. Samples without apical barriers and fully sealed samples were used as positive and negative controls (n = 3), respectively. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) after 3 periods: 1 to 10 days (P1); days 11 to 20 (P2); and days 21 to 30 (P3). Then, three 1 mm thick sections were obtained at the apical level of other root samples of each material (n = 10) and the push-out test was performed. Results: The leakage rates in P1, P2 and P3 were 60%, 73.3% and 100% for the MTA; and 73.3%, 86.7% and 100% for CP, with no significant difference between materials, regardless of the period analyzed. There were no significant differences between the bond strengths for both cements (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement apical barriers presented similar sealing ability and bond strength values
(PDF) Polymicrobial Leakage and Retention of MTA and Portland Cement in a Model of Apexification. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334314182_Polymicrobial_Leakage_and_Retention_of_MTA_and_Portland_Cement_in_a_Model_of_Apexification [accessed Dec 09 2019].
... On the other hand, more recent reviews have concluded that there are no compelling reasons not to use PC as a cheaper alternative, going further to state that more clinical trials should be conducted using pure PC 1 . Others have emphasized that more studies are required to evaluate the parent compound in order to increase understanding of the same as a precursor for expanded medical and dental applications [14][15][16] . ...
... Estrella et al. were the first to report the similarity between MTA and PC stating that the only difference was the presence of Bi2O3 in MTA and its absence in PC 17 . Several other studies have compared the two materials, investigating aspects of their composition 8,14,16,18,19 , setting reaction 20, 21 and biocompatibility 17,22 and most of these found the two to be quite similar. The particle size of MTA is a little researched area. ...
... The particle size of MTA is a little researched area. A few studies have compared the particle size of MTA and PC and how this influences their properties 16,[23][24][25] . On this basis, several reviews have concluded that more studies utilizing PC are required to evaluate the possibility of substituting it for the expensive commercial calcium silicate versions 1,15,16,26 . ...
Objective: To describe the composition and particle size of Portland cement (PC) and geopolymers in comparison to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Design: A quantitative, laboratory-based exploratory study. Setting: Schools of Dental Sciences and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi; World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); Ministry of Mining, all in Nairobi, Kenya. Study population: Grey PC clinker, Kaolin, Fly ash (FA) and blast furnace (BF) slag, together with alkaline-activated aluminosilicates (AS) or geopolymers derived from them, were evaluated in comparison to two brands of MTA (MTA Cem and ProRoot MTA). Methods: The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) and fluoride ion selective electrode (FISE) for compositional analysis, and laser diffraction for particle size distribution analysis. Continuous data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test for hypothesis testing at level of 0.05. Results: While MTA and PC comprised mainly of dicalcium and tricalcium silicate phases, geopolymers contained aluminosilicate phases such as quartz and mullite. Only FA contained fluoride (43.33µg/g, sd 5.77). There was no statistically significant difference in the composition of MTA and PC as determined by EDXRF except in the Bi (F-statistic=44.29, df=2, adjusted p<0.0001, difference=2.47, 95% CI 16.30, 33.14%wt) and Pb content (F-statistic=164.40, df=2, adjusted p=0.000, difference=1.74, 95% CI 1.43, 2.05%wt). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean particle size distribution of MTA, PC and geopolymers (D50 for PC = 12.46µm, sd 3.18, MTA = 7.23µm, sd 3.43, aluminosilicates = 12.74µm, sd 3.79, p>0.05). Conclusion: Composition of PC was similar to MTA while particle size of PC and geopolymers was similar to MTA. May 2018 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 1523
