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![Quantity of municipal waste produced* in 2014 by Polish provinces (top) and per capita yearly quantity of mixed municipal waste (bottom); Sub-Carpathia indicated by the dark bar [GUS 2015b]](profile/Justyna-Koc-Jurczyk/publication/314143872/figure/fig2/AS:467445438783491@1488459085938/Quantity-of-municipal-waste-produced-in-2014-by-Polish-provinces-top-and-per-capita.png)
Quantity of municipal waste produced* in 2014 by Polish provinces (top) and per capita yearly quantity of mixed municipal waste (bottom); Sub-Carpathia indicated by the dark bar [GUS 2015b]
Source publication
Dumping municipal waste is the least expensive and most commonly used method of disposing solid waste. However, there is an alternative, two-in-one, solution: conversion of waste to energy. Non-recyclable waste can be turned into heat, electric power or fuel using various processes, such as gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation. This is...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... According to the "Statistical Yearbook" [GUS 2015b], Poland produced approx. 1,033 million tons of municipal waste in 2014, in which the Sub-Carpathia had a share of 381 thousand tons and was ranked 6 th and 3 rd from the bottom of the official lists of regions with the smallest overall and per capita (179 kg/y), respectively, waste production (Fig. 4). More than one half (54%) of the waste is mixed, qualified for dumping [GUS 2015b]. Note, however, that -based on life expe- rience -statistical data can err. Only the largest city of the region has a per capita waste accumu- lation rate of more than 342 kg/y [Wójcik ...
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Citations
... However, the incinerator had the highest proportion of irreversibility due to the high temperature. Some studies have investigated similar systems such as conversion of heat to energy using the urban environmental sources [33]; economic and environmental review of the WTE systems for MSW [34]; energy potential of MSW [35]; economic, energy, and environmental analyses for MSW [36]; and assessment of the exergy life cycle of the WTE power plant [37]. In the study of mass burner incinerator, the exergy and energy terms of the WTE power plant in Tehran, Iran have been calculated. ...
The present study brings together the bene ts of the results of exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses as well as optimization of a waste-to-energy power plant. First, exergoeconomic balance for each stream was calculated. To validate the current simulations, the actual data from the Amsterdam waste-to-energy power plant in working conditions were examined. Moreover, the behaviors of the in uential parameters in the objective functions were evaluated. In order to perform multi-objective optimization, Multi-Objective Particle-Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm was employed. To obtain the optimum operating conditions, 14 design parameters and 3 objective functions were taken into consideration, with the total cost rate, total exergy e ciency of the cycle, and environmental impacts as the objective functions. Finally, the TOPSIS decision-making method determined the optimum-operating conditions. The results of exergy analysis indicated that the most exergy destruction belonged to the incinerator unit at 66%. Instead, the pumps contributed the least in this eld (approximately 1%). Under the in uence of the optimization process, the total exergy e ciency of the power plant increased from 30.89% to 38.9% at the total cost of 5188.05 USD/hour. A comparison of the obtained results from the optimization procedure revealed that introducing optimum working condition would cause an increase in the exergy e ciency and a decrease in the exergy destruction among the components.
... 1. Thermal waste treatment -consisting in the use of technologies that mainly involve combustion or pyrolysis, leading to a reduction in the amount of waste deposited, and recovery heat or electricity from the waste (Jurczyk, Koc-Jurczyk, 2017;Lapčík, 2013;Levidow, Upham, 2017;Łapińska, 2014). ...
... Various solutions of this type are widely used throughout the world. In Poland, these technologies are still rarely used, but in many regions they are currently working in this direction (Jurczyk, Koc-Jurczyk, 2017). ...
The article presents Polish and related EU legal basis for thermal waste conversion (in particular municipal waste and waste of municipal origin) as an energy source. It was hypothesized that at the current stage of systemic development of municipal waste management in Polish legal conditions, thermal waste conversion is an extremely important element which not only allows for achieving quantifiable environmental benefits, but also constitutes a source of energy. However, waste incineration cannot be treated as a fundamental element of closed-loop waste management. Waste incineration plants are and should be treated as an element of complementing the waste system, taking into account energy recovery in the cogeneration system, but also the limitations arising from taxonomy. The unquestionable advantage of this type of installation is the possibility of producing thermal energy and a more beneficial impact on the environment than the combustion of fossil fuels.
