Figure 3 - uploaded by Domingo Barber
Content may be subject to copyright.
Purified grass group 1 allergens were tested in duplicate in the group 1 MAb-based ELISA and the linear stretch of the dose-response curves were compared for parallelism.
Source publication
Group 1 allergens elicit a specific IgE response in about 90% of grass pollen-allergic patients. The aim of this work was to study the antigenic similarity among group 1 allergens from different grasses and to develop a monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based quantitation ELISA.
Twenty specific MAbs were produced from BALB/c mice immunized with natural Phl...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... potential application of the developed ELISA to quantify group 1 in pollen extracts from wild temperate grasses was investigated by comparing the dose-response curves of nPhl p 1 with those obtained with purified group 1 allergens from L. perenne , P. pratensis , F. praten- sis and D. glomerata ( fig. 3 ). All of them showed compa- rable slopes ( fig. 3 ), and it can be concluded that the ELI- SA method may also be appropriate for group 1 determi- nation in these species. Nevertheless, the curves were shifted to some extent along the x-axis, suggesting that the affinity of the anti-Phl p 1 MAbs to the different iso- form composition ...
Context 2
... potential application of the developed ELISA to quantify group 1 in pollen extracts from wild temperate grasses was investigated by comparing the dose-response curves of nPhl p 1 with those obtained with purified group 1 allergens from L. perenne , P. pratensis , F. praten- sis and D. glomerata ( fig. 3 ). All of them showed compa- rable slopes ( fig. 3 ), and it can be concluded that the ELI- SA method may also be appropriate for group 1 determi- nation in these species. Nevertheless, the curves were shifted to some extent along the x-axis, suggesting that the affinity of the anti-Phl p 1 MAbs to the different iso- form composition is not the same for all group 1 aller- gens. This ...
Context 3
... 1 was measured using the ELISA method described in this work. nPhl p 1 was used as a standard and correction factors deduced from the results shown in figure 3 allergens from other Pooideae grasses. In particular, the most representative wild grasses of the temperate climat- ic regions, the Poeae tribe, were recognized by these anti- Phl p 1 MAbs with the same immunological strength. ...
Similar publications
This study investigated the effects of simulated rainfall on N partitioning and concentrations of degradable (DIP) or undegradable (UIP) intake protein for wilting orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hays. Orchardgrass forage was wilted to 674, 153, or 41 g kg(-1) of moisture (WET-O, IDEAL-O, and DRY-...
Background
Grass pollen allergy is the most widespread pollen allergy in the world. It still remains unknown in which aspects and in which extent symptoms from grass pollen allergy differ throughout the grass pollen season, although individual sensitization profiles of persons concerned are known for a long time.
Methods
The crowd-sourced symptom...
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may support better stocker calf gains than common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylis (L.) Pers.] in the southern USA. Yearling heifers (Bos taurus x B. indicus) grazed each type of pasture for 2 yr on a Coastal Plain soil in southwest Arkansas. Alfalfa stand counts declined linearly with time after planting. Spring forage m...
Grasses (Poaceae) pollen is a major cause for allergic diseases worldwide. Pollen monitoring in the atmosphere is of primary importance for symptoms interpretation and therapy planning. Microscopic pollen identification and counts do not allow the detection at species or genus level because of the stenopalynous nature of the family. Nevertheless, t...
The radiation use efficiency (RUE) model is one of the most used tools to generate large spatial and temporal scale net primary productivity (NPP) estimations by remote sensing. It involves two key issues to make accurate estimations of NPP: the estimation of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by vegetation (fPAR)...
Citations
... Furthermore, the major allergens and serum IgE cross-reactivity of these grasses have been extensively characterized. 1,2,3,4 Two other grass species considered to be major sources of allergenic pollen in the temperate regions are Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) from Chloridoideae subfamily and Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) from Panicoideae subfamily. ...
Background:
Pollen of grasses in Chloridoideae and Panicoideae subfamilies is a major source of grass group-1 allergens in tropical/subtropical areas. Previously, most studies of subtropical grass pollen allergens have focused on Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass-Chloridoideae) and Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass-Panicoideae). However, little information is available about allergenicity of pollen from Zoysia matrella (Manila grass or Zoysia grass-Chloridoideae), which is among the most popular turfgrasses in tropical/subtropical areas.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the IgE reactivity and cross-reactivity of grass group-1 allergen from Z. matrella. In addition, the clinical relevance of Z. matrella in comparison with other species was assessed.
Methods:
IgE reactivity and cross-reactivity between recombinant proteins of group-1 allergen from Z. matrella (Zoy m 1) and C. dactylon (Cyn d 1) were determined by ELISA and immunoblot assays. Clinical relevance of Z. matrella pollen in Thai atopic patients was assessed using its pollen crude extract for skin-prick test, in comparison with extracts from four other pollen species.
Results:
The Zoy m 1 had high IgE binding and could interfere with binding to C. dactylon crude extract. In addition, Z. matrella pollen extract elicited positive skin-prick test results comparable to previously reported allergenic species. Group-1 grass pollen allergen was confirmed to be a major allergen from Z. matrella among Thai atopic patients and was officially designated Zoy m 1.0101.
Conclusions:
Zoy m 1 allergen is a major allergen from Z. matrella that cross-reacts with other group-1 grass pollen allergens in the tropical/subtropical region.
... In general, up to 95% of patients allergic to grass pollen possess IgE specific for group 1 allergens and 80% for group 5 allergens, thus these two groups make up the major grass pollen allergens [29][30][31]. Comparing the analysis of group 1 allergens (Phl p1) and group 5 allergens (Phl p5), the allergen quantification is much easier for group 5 allergens. Phl p1 reaches high homology in various grass species, but the immunodominant positions of the amino acids are different. ...
Grass pollen allergens are known to be one of the major triggers of hay fever with an increasing number of humans affected by pollen associated health impacts. Climate change characterized by increasing air temperature and more frequent drought periods might affect plant development and pollen characteristics. In this study a one-year (2017) field experiment was conducted in Bavaria, Germany, simulating drought by excluding rain and elevated air temperature by installing a heating system to investigate their effects primarily on the allergenic potential of eight selected cultivars of the two grass species timothy and perennial ryegrass. It could be shown for timothy that especially under drought and heat conditions the allergen content is significantly lower accompanied by a decrease in pollen weight and protein content. In perennial ryegrass the response to drought and heat conditions in terms of allergen content, pollen weight, and protein content was more dependent on the respective cultivar probably due to varying requirements for their growth conditions and tolerance to drought and heat. Results support recommendations which cultivars should be grown preferentially. The optimal choice of grass species and respective cultivars under changing climate conditions should be a major key aspect for the public health sector in the future.
... More than 95% of patients allergic to grass pollen possess IgE antibodies in response to group 1 allergens, which are highly cross-reactive glycoproteins exclusively expressed in the pollen of many grasses. [13][14][15][16] Group 1 allergens from 8 different clinically important grass pollens of the Pooideae (Rye, Canary, Meadow, Cocksfoot and Timothy grasses), Chloridoideae (Bermuda grass) and Panicoideae (Johnson and Maize grasses) subfamilies were isolated. ...
Purpose: The pollen calendar is the simplest forecasting method for pollen concentrations.
As pollen concentrations are liable to seasonal variations due to alterations in climate and
land-use, it is necessary to update the pollen calendar using recent data. To attenuate the
impact of considerable temporal and spatial variability in pollen concentrations on the pollen
calendar, it is essential to employ a new methodology for its creation.
Methods: A pollen calendar was produced in Korea using data from recent observations,
and a new method for creating the calendar was proposed, considering both risk levels
and temporal resolution of pollen concentrations. A probability distribution was used for
smoothing concentrations and determining risk levels. Airborne pollen grains were collected
between 2007 and 2017 at 8 stations; 13 allergenic pollens, including those of alder, Japanese
cedar, birch, hazelnut, oak, elm, pine, ginkgo, chestnut, grasses, ragweed, mugwort and
Japanese hop, were identified from the collected grains.
Results: The concentrations of each pollen depend on locations and seasons due to large
variability in species distribution and their environmental condition. In the descending order
of concentration, pine, oak and Japanese hop pollens were found to be the most common
in Korea. The pollen concentrations were high in spring and autumn, and those of oak
and Japanese hop were probably the most common cause of allergy symptoms in spring
and autumn, respectively. High Japanese cedar pollen counts were observed in Jeju, while
moderate concentrations were in Jeonju, Gwangju and Busan.
Conclusions: A new methodology for the creation of a pollen calendar was developed to
attenuate the impact of large temporal and spatial variability in pollen concentrations. This
revised calendar should be available to the public and allergic patients to prevent aggravation
of pollen allergy
... Election of a single grass species was made in base to the high cross-reactivity observed in serological responses to different grass species. 47,48 In fact, in general, grass allergens present multiple isoforms, and thus a single species will incorporate different molecular variants of each allergen. Moreover, there is clinical evidence that a grass vaccine can be further simplified even to single isoform of relevant grass allergens. ...
Allergen immunotherapy has been used for more than one hundred years, but only recently underlying immunological mechanisms have started to be understood. New Allergy vaccines are now considered to be full pharmaceutical products, that should comply with general as well as specific pharmaceutical legal framework. GRAZAX® is the first global allergy vaccine developed in compliance with the new legal environment and is thus a reference for developing new allergy vaccines. Here we provide a rationale description of GRAZAX®, providing a sequential description of its pharmaceutical and clinical development. With more than 25 clinical trial, involving more than 8000 patients, including as well three five years prospective clinical trials, GRAZAX® is a key product to understand the unique position of allergen specific immunotherapy as a disease modifying intervention.
... Group 1 allergens in Pooideae grasses, have highly conserved amino acid sequences (85 -95% identity) and were shown to have comparable levels of allergenicity among species (13). Sequence homology group 1 allergens from different subfamilies such as Phl p 1 (Pooideae) and Cyn d 1 (Chloridoideae) was considerably lower (67 -70% identity) and these allergens were shown to have incomplete inhibition (14). Therefore, it was largely assumed that the degree of similarity and, consequently, cross-reactivity of group 1 allergens largely corresponded to the taxonomic relationship of the grass species. ...
... At present 13 different groups of allergens related to grass pollen are known which induce IgE responses [2], of which 11 groups can be found in Pooideae pollen, a subfamily of the Gramineae or Poaceae family [3]. Among these allergens, group 1 (glycoproteins, molecular mass of 32-35 kDa) and group 5 allergens (glycoproteins molecular mass 28-32 kDa) are the major allergens, since they induce allergenic reactions in patients at high rates (65-85% of patients allergic to grass pollen are sensitive to group 5 and 90-95% to group 1 allergens) [3][4][5]. Grass pollen (~35-65 μm in diameter) itself is not tiny enough to enter lower airways and thus to directly cause respiratory allergies. Rather, when pollen is dissolved its allergenic content is released in form of small granules a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 (0.6-2.5 μm). ...
Grass pollen is the main cause of hay fever and allergic asthma in warm temperate climates during summer. The aim of this study was to determine the content of group 5 major allergens in pollen grains of agriculturally important grass species/cultivars. For each cultivar flowering dates and pollen production of cut anthers were observed in the field and in a climate chamber, respectively. An ELISA was used to quantify the group 5 allergens (Phl p5) in pollen extracts which were gained from the grass species Kentucky bluegrass, perennial rye grass, timothy, cocksfoot, annual / Italian rye grass, hybrid rye grass and festulolium. The group 5 allergen content of species varied between 0.01 ng (Kentucky bluegrass) and 0.06 ng (timothy) per pollen grain. On cultivar level the pollen allergenic content differed up to 74-times within the selected grass species. Results from this study might be helpful for the reduction of allergen exposure coming from agriculture grass production e.g. by an adapted grass selection or by the cultivation of grasses with low allergenic content in plant breeding.
... Pollen of grasses have been recognized as potent aeroallergens (Freidhoff et al., 1986, Celenk & Bicakci, 2005Recio et al., 2006;Duffort et al., 2008;Hrabina, 2008;Mahram et al., 2013). The protein profiling of the pollen grains extracts through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis indicated that protein bands having molecular weight between 10-70kDa were responsible for triggering allergy in patients sensitive to pollen. ...
Pollen of grasses have been recognized as major aeroallergens. It is reported that grass pollen may trigger respiratory allergies particularly allergic rhinitis and asthma in approximately 40% of allergy patients worldwide. In most of the aerobiological surveys, Grasses pollen were observed in highest concentration in various parts of the world. The present study was designed to analyze the biochemical properties of Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. ex Steud. pollen grains. The pollen were subjected to quantitative estimation of proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, phenols and reducing sugars. Protein qualitative analysis was also done by SDS-PAGE in order to identify the allergenic properties of Cenchrus pennisetiformis pollen. The study results showed that Cenchrus pennisetiformis pollen contained 19.66mg/g proteins, 71.29mg/g carbohydrates, amino acid 12.23 mg/g, phenols 1.47 mg/g and reducing sugars 8.29 mg/g. SDS-PAGE analysis showed 13 protein bands with a range of molecular weight 28-110kDa. The pollen grains of this grass contained low molecular weight protein bands which might cause allergic rhinitis or elicit other allergy symptoms on the exposure to this grass. Thus Cenchrus pennisetiformis can be characterized as pollen allergy causing grass.
... In other words, sensitization towards one or more of these components is associated with a true sensitization to Phleum pratense. Given that these proteins are related to the biological structure of grasses, many other plants can have similar profiles [10]. Thus, one could argue that AIT based on a single allergen that contains the most relevant component(s) should also protect from other allergens belonging to the same families [11,12]. ...
Molecular based in vitro technologies greatly changed the diagnostic approaches in allergy. At present, sensitization profiles can be dissected according to IgE subsets, which are specific for genuine or cross-reacting components and potentially dangerous or virtually harmless components. The identification of IgE in components with specific characteristics has a direct impact on the accuracy of the diagnosis (indeed, it is possible at present to not only identify the allergen derived from a given allergen source but also the family of molecules to which the patient is sensitized), on the prognosis of the patient’s allergy, and on the prevention activities to be implemented. More interestingly, during the last few years, and thanks to the tools of molecular diagnostics, the indications for Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) have also be modified, and novel strategies for the selection of the allergens to be administered have been better defined. Indeed, protocols indicating how Molecular Based Diagnosis (MBD) can be used to identify the best AIT approach have been recently published. In this review, the rationale for the use of MBD tools is discussed, and the recent strategies for the choice of allergens to be used in AIT are reported.
... Cyn d 1 belongs to grass pollen group 1 antigens that were determined to be acidic glycoproteins with a molecular weight of 31-35 kDa. It has a ∼64% homology in amino acid sequencing compared with Phl p 1 antigens (Duffort et al., 2008), and is considered as one of the most prominent Bermuda grass antigens. The 32-kDa Cyn d 1 has also been frequently used as a biomarker of sensitization to Bermuda grass. ...
There is so far a paucity of data about allergen component-resolved diagnosis, and the prevalence of grass pollen allergen components in China, in contrast to those from western countries. Even in this country, allergies to grass pollen allergen components in the vast south are inadequately described. This study aimed to determine the major sensitizing grass pollens in Guangzhou, the largest city in Guangdong province of southern China. Included in this study were 258 patients having allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and 88 healthy controls. ImmunoCap100 was used to examine the serum samples for sIgE to Bermuda, Timothy, and Humulus scandens. Subjects who tested positive were further examined for sIgE to Bermuda antigen Cyn d 1, Timothy antigens Phl p 1/4/5/6/7/11/12, and CCD. The relationship of grass pollen allergy to specific antigen sensitization was assessed. As a result, 22.5% of patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were positive for Bermuda-sIgE, 13.6% for Timothy-sIgE, and 7.0% for Humulus scandens-sIgE. These patients were more likely to be sensitized compared with controls (P < 0.001). Of the Bermuda-sIgE positive patients, 53.4% were Cyn d 1 positive and 60.3% were Timothy-sIgE positive. Of the Timothy positive patients, 100% were positive for Phl p 4, 17.1% were positive for Phl p 1 and 8.6% tested positive for Phl p 5/6/7/11/12. Patients with high Bermuda-sIgE levels were more likely to be positive for other grasses. In 41.4% of Bermuda grass positive patients, CCD-sIgE was also positive. Sensitization to Phl p 4 was significantly correlated with CCD (r s = 0.928).In summary, we found that these southern Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma tested positive for Bermuda, Timothy, and Humulus scandens IgE. A high Bermuda-sIgE level may predict sensitization to other grasses. Correlations between sensitization to CCD and grass pollen allergens suggested a likelihood of cross-reactivity. Further in vitro inhibition assays are required to confirm this relationship.
... One reason to explain this can be related to some Poaceae species which flower during different seasons out of spring. Moreover different grass species exhibit different aeroallergen (Duffort et al., 2008) and also they can respond to different environmental factors, as mentioned before. For this reason, sometimes it is difficult to find significant correlations with meteorological variables. ...
An accurate estimation of the allergen concentration in the atmosphere is essential for allergy sufferers. The major cause of pollinosis all over Europe is due to grass pollen and Phl p 5 has the highest rates of sensitization (>50%) in patients with grass pollen-induced allergy. However, recent research has shown that airborne pollen does not always offer a clear indicator of exposure to aeroallergens. This study aims to evaluate relations between airborne grass pollen and Phl p 5 concentrations in Córdoba (southern Spain) and to study how meteorological parameters influence these atmospheric records. Monitoring was carried out from 2012 to 2014. Hirst-type volumetric spore trap was used for pollen collection, following the protocol recommended by the Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA). Aeroallergen sampling was performed using a low-volume cyclone sampler, and allergenic particles were quantified by ELISA assay. Besides, the influence of main meteorological factors on local airborne pollen and allergen concentrations was surveyed. A significant correlation was observed between grass pollen and Phl p 5 allergen concentrations during the pollen season, but with some sporadic discrepancy episodes. The cumulative annual Pollen Index also varied considerably. A significant correlation has been obtained between airborne pollen and minimum temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, during the three studied years. However, there is no clear relationship between allergens and weather variables. Our findings suggest that the correlation between grass pollen and aeroallergen Phl p 5 concentrations varies from year-to-year probably related to a complex interplay of meteorological variables.
