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The world today stands on the brink of an important industrial revolution that is
causing important progress in our lives in many industrial, medical electronics, biology, and
electronics fields, etc. Nanotechnology is one of the most important sciences at this time.
Nanoparticles possess very different chemical and physical properties comparative...
Similar publications
![Figure 3. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique [7].](profile/Dhuha-Shaker/publication/349924388/figure/fig1/AS:999450629644289@1615299007164/Pulsed-laser-ablation-in-liquid-technique-7_Q320.jpg)
Abstract. The world today stands on the brink of an important industrial revolution that is
causing important progress in our lives in many industrial, medical electronics, biology, and
electronics fields, etc. Nanotechnology is one of the most important sciences at this time.
Nanoparticles possess very different chemical and physical properties...
Citations
... The purity of nanoparticles is about 90%. It is environmentally friendly technology [7,51]. ...
Nanotechnology refers to nanomaterials of different dimensions, ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm. Shape and size, as well as properties of nanomaterials, depend on the materials based on their production. Nanomaterials are classified according to the type of substrate into carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials, ceramic nanomaterials, lipid-based nanomaterials, semiconductor nanomaterials, and polymer nanomaterials. There are many physical methods that are widely used to produce nanomaterials, among these methods are inert gas condensation (IGC), physical evaporation, electric arc discharge, sputtering, and laser methods. Many characterization analysis techniques of nanomaterials, including ultraviolet–visible (UV–V) spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), BET (Brunauere emmette teller), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), FTIRS (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) and Zeta size analysis. The unique properties that distinguish nanomaterials, allows them to penetrate many applications that directly serve the world. Nanomaterials have been utilized in various applications in the environment, agriculture, food industries, medical industries, chemical processing, and military industries.
... The acceleration of preparedness for nanoscience and nanotechnology is being driven by global technical advancements in several sectors. There are two fundamental sorts of technologies, namely top-down and bottom-up technologies [4]. NPs employ a top-down approach to selectively remove material and create smaller structures from bigger ones through etching. ...
... In contrast, a material is constructed by a bottomup approach, wherein it is systematically assembled atom by atom, molecule by molecule, or cluster by cluster [3]. The creation of NPs using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of solid samples submerged in liquid has been shown to possess considerable potential [4]. The earliest description of the development of PLA at the solid-liquid interface for the purpose of creating iron oxides with metastable phases was provided by Patil et al. in 1987. ...
In this study, cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were prepared by using an Nd–YAG pulsed laser at a wavelength of 1,064 nm and an energy of 800 mJ. From the results of the structural and morphological attributes of CoNP films, it is evident that CoNPs exhibit different spherical configurations with diameters spanning from a few nanometers to 24 nm. The surfaces of these CoNP films indicate that they exhibit a certain degree of homogeneity and uniform vertical heights. Additionally, the results demonstrate an increase in granular size growth and the emptying of cavities on the material’s surface. The absorption curves appeared as a function of the wavelength within the range of 300–1,000 nm and the peak absorption of CoNPs in the ultraviolet radiation region, and the prohibited energy gap for direct transitions was known, and the value is 4 eV, while the nonlinear optical properties showed that the particles show a nonlinear refractive index (self-defocusing) and a nonlinear absorption cobalt coefficient with the absorption of two photons; thus, the CoNPs possess good nonlinear properties and can be used in nonlinear optical photonic device, optical power limiter, and a wide range of nonlinear applications.
... After the plasma becomes condensed in the fluid medium, nanoparticles are created and disseminated there [6]. Due to its various advantages over competing technologies, this technique is regarded as a method that is more successful in producing nanomaterials [8][9][10]. Furthermore, several factors, including pulse period, wavelength, and laser intensity, can affect the shape and size of the NPs during laser ablation [8,11]. ...
Chitosan was encapsulated by TiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles using laser ablation route. The synthesized films have different nanoparticles concentration depending on the ablation time. The films have been studied using XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM, UV, and AC measurements. The TGA results show that the most stable film was pure CS, and the lowest thermally stable film was the film of 10 min ablation. Further, the TEM showed that the particle size varied from 125 to 137 nm. Moreover, the direct band gap, indirect band gap, and refractive index were studied optically. The direct band gap decreased from 5.72 to 3.55 eV by raising the content of the doping. Further, the refractive index increased from 2.04 to 2.95. The indirect band gap has been calculated optically and obtained a decrease in band gap from 4.76 to 1.57 eV. Chitosan/TiO2/Fe2O3 nanoparticles have good optical characteristics, which might be used in the creation of new optoelectronics devices. The objective of this study is to improve the characteristics of CS polymer by incorporating metal nanoparticles, namely TiO2 and Fe2O3, into the matrix using a laser ablation approach. This is done with the aim of enhancing the performance of the polymer for optoelectronics applications.
... Because of these benefits, laser ablation is the most common and most widely used way to synthesise NPs and deposit films [7,8]. The synthesis of nanomaterials is a critical application of PLAL [9,10]. The primary mechanism for PLAL nanomaterial fabrication is shown in the following example: laser-matter interactions include the absorption of a laser pulse by a substance, the creation of shock waves, the growth and collapse of plasma plumes, and the occurrence of bubbles in liquid media [11]. ...
The excessive use of antibiotics led to the appearance of many strains of resistant bacteria, so it became necessary to use new antibacterial techniques. The aim of this work is the synthesis of novel core–shell NPs (NiO@ZnO) for antibacterial applications. A novel NiO@ZnO core–shell nanomaterial with a nanosize and uniform shape has been synthesised using the two-step pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method. The first step is the laser ablation of the nickel target and the production of NiO NPs (core) colloidal, followed by the second step, the ablation of ZnO (shell) inside NiO NPs colloidal. The transmission electron microscopy results approve the formation of NiO@ZnO core–shell NPs with an average particle size of 54.4 nm for NiO particles and 60.7 nm for the NiO@ZnO core–shell. The antibacterial activity was examined against the pathogenic bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus . We found that in the case of NiO, the inhibition rates were 62.4 and 59.2% for E. coli and S. aureus , respectively. While with NiO@ZnO NPs, this result was improved to 74.8% for E. coli and 71.2% for S. aureus . So, it was found that using the core–shell NPs increased the antibacterial activity of NPs, and the use of NiO NPs and core approved their effect as antibacterial agents due to their special properties. This behaviour is primarily because of the accumulation of the NiO@ZnO NPs on the surface of the bacteria, which leads to cytotoxic bacteria and a relatively increased ZnO, causing cell death. Furthermore, the use of a NiO@ZnO core–shell material will inhibit the bacteria from nourishing themselves on the culture medium. Therefore, core shelling metal oxides with another metal oxide or other material improves their antibacterial activity compared with using them alone.
... Pulsed laser ablation in liquid, or PLAL, is another form of pulsed laser ablation that can be used in a variety of different processes [109]. Stronger shock waves (compared to a gas environment) and bubble formation will occur in this scenario, requiring consideration between substrate/liquid and plasma/liquid [110]. The liquid may have basic chemical and physical properties that can increase the effectiveness of ablation, such as oxidizing, reducing, chilling, and creating plasma [111]. ...
Nanomaterials are an interesting class of materials that include a wide variety of samples with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. Nanomaterials are cornerstones of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Controlling the size, shape, and composition of the nanomaterials is an uphill task and have a profound impact on their performance. Along with potential health and safety risks, producing large quantities of high-quality nanomaterials are challenging and expensive. The synthesis and growth process of nanostructures and nanomaterials is one of the key elements in the utilization of nanomaterials and their applications in several sectors. The morphology and structure of nanomaterials depend also on the method used for synthesis and growth. This review discusses the various nanomaterial synthesis methods which are categorized into two main types bottom-up methods and top-down approaches depending on starting precursors of nanoparticle generation. Both approaches are critically discussed, in addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been reported. The aforementioned approaches can have a potential technological applications, such as nano-molecular electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, energy storage materials, composite materials, nano-biotechnology, nano-medicine, etc.
... These nanomaterials have interesting and valuable characteristics that can be implied in most science and technology today. Due to their physicochemical properties, such as very small size, high surface area to volume ratio, enhanced sensitivity, specificity and stability, and tunable optical emissions, in addition to their ability to be active and have superparamagnetic features [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The delivery of drugs loaded onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to solid tumors, the maintenance of magnetic nanoparticles at the target site by an external electromagnetic field, and the controlled release of drugs by magnetic nanoparticles after arrival at the target site have all contributed to the increased interest in the use of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers. ...
... In lieu of chemical pathways, the physical techniques of NP synthesis represent emerging strategies within nanotechnology that promise a large-scale production of highly pure NPs. Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) technique provides a simple procedure for generating NPs in solutions [9][10][11][12], minimizing experimental complexity whilst enhancing the stability and integrity of resultant NPs [13][14][15]. PLAL offers a straightforward one-step production of nanoparticles in an aqueous solution while eliminating the need of heavy metal salts or the inclusion of stabilizers. PLAL is fundamentally based on the ablation of a solid target immersed in a liquid via laser pulses, inducing plasma that directly related to the laser pulse and governed by pulse characteristics like fluence, pulse duration, and wavelength. ...
... Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids (PLAL) has recently emerged as the most common and efficient method for this purpose [9]. This is due to its simplicity, effectiveness, ease of experimental setup, high purity (free of surface contamination), and the low number of chemical species required for production [10]. ...
In recent years, biologists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers have become interested in Nano-sized particles because of their unique properties. In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using an Nd: YAG laser with 800 mJ at 1064 nm and 532 nm (the fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths). The characteristics of optical, morphological, structural, wettability and antibacterial activity have been studied. The used technique of PLAL was successful in nanoparticle formation. It was proved in color changes, which was an indication of ZnO nanoparticle formation. The optical measurements show a decrease in absorption wavelength and an increase in the band gap, an indication of the formation of quantum confinement due to nanoparticle formation. The XRD involves the formation of polycrystalline ZnO at both wavelengths. Also, the FE-SEM proved the formation of nanoparticles with a semispherical shape and little agglomeration on the surface. However, the EDX shows Zn and O in the film, which means the formation of ZnO. The low contact angle indicates high wettability, which means that the material has high biocompatibility. Finally, the antibacterial test was done on two types of bacteria (E. coli and S. aurous) and showed an antibacterial effect on both types with different NP concentrations.
The effect of laser wavelength was fully studied and examined for Nb2O5 nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation of niobium plate in pure water. 1064 and 532 nm wavelengths were used. Using x-ray diffraction two different crystal structures were identified, Orthorhombic T-Nb2O5 and Monoclinic H-Nb2O5 for the two wavelengths respectively. A high concentration of spherical, well-defined, and tiny nanoparticles was recognized using a 532 nm laser compared to 1064 nm wavelength employing SEM and TEM images. Strong Raman peaks located at 301.7 cm-1 for orthorhombic T-Nb2O5 and at 922.01 confirming the formation of mono-clinic H-Nb2O5 for two wavelengths respectively, these results were confirmed by FTIR results which present peaks at 675.5 and 705.9 cm-1related to the same phases. The Eds results show highly stoichiometric crystal reached about 95% using 532 nm laser wave length.
In this article, a multi-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline film was prepared using spin-coating approaches for UV polymer nanocomposite photodetector application. We present enhanced optical characteristics of polyaniline and polyaniline doping concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) thin films prepared by the spin-coating technique on an indium tin oxide substrate. We have observed the structural characteristics of composite films that match MWCNTs and polymers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology of the deposited films, and the results show that the polymer in the composites has been uniformly coated on the MWCNTs, increasing the MWCNT content. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the manufactured devices demonstrate a notable increase in current with the percentage content of the MWCNT weight. The optical characteristics of the prepared films were demonstrated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) light spectroscopy analysis. In detail, optical band gaps between 2.38 and 2.42 eV were noticed by UV-vis invesitigation; however, the behavior of photoresponsivity in the obtained photodetectors. A particular detectivity of 5.5 µA mW−1 and a photoresponsivity of 10 × 1015 Jones were achieved using 300–700 nm laser energy. In the meantime, it was discovered that the expected response/recovery time of the addressed laser energy was 0.32 s and 0.35 s, respectively. Sample 2 has a specific detectivity and photoresponsivity of 12 × 1015 Jones and 9.5 µA mW−1 were achieved, with a recover/response time of approximately 0.35 s and 0.33 s, respectively.
