Figure 6 - uploaded by Jader Monari
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Pulsating light sighted from Aspåskjölen (TYPE 1). ABOVE. The present image is the result of summation of 15 (1/25 sec) close video frames (video acquired by J. Monari and processed by M. Teodorani). BELOW LEFT. This frame was obtained when the light, which shows a saturated core, was at the maximum intensity (video acquired by J. Monari and processed by J. Monari and M. Teodorani). BELOW RIGHT. 3-D Point Spread Function of the same light at maximum.
Source publication
In August 2000 a team of italian physical scientists, working in collaboration with Norwegian colleagues from Østfold College, c arried out an instrumental expedition in Hessdalen (Norway), which was just the first of a series of future scientific missions planned by the joint italian-norwegian EMBLA Project. The expedition was aimed at studying un...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... p henomenon showed to be characterized both by pulsating lights and by approximately constant or slowly variable lights, both by plasma-like lights without a defined countour and by lights with a very defined contour or by lights which were co-moving following a precise geometric shape, both by short-lasting and by long-lasting lights, both by lights on the ground and by lights in the sky. Moreover, videos of pulsating lights at their maximum showed a saturated core (see Figure 6), which was indicating that d uring the maximum the luminous intensity reached extremely high values. The observed phenomena (see Figures 6, 7) are schematically described as follows. ...
Context 2
... 20-25 Km, Direction: south, Position: between t wo mountains, Color : white, Duration: 10-30 seconds for each pulsating event, Regime of motion: approximately standing still, Number of Events: several events during 3 nights, Luminosity: very high with drastic change of radiating surface and with an occasionally saturated nucleus, Shape : approximately spherical, Height above the ground: probably few meters, Dimensions: from 1 to 10 meters, Time: 23.00 -01.00, Witnesses: 4 -6, Sighting Location: Aspåskjölen, Report type : visual, video (see Figure 6), intensified/IR, binocular and photographic (photos underexposed). ...
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Citations
... Earthquakes in Norway have a common magnitude between 2 and 3, and not above 5 which have been found to dominate the appearance of EQL (80% of EQL appear with earthquakes above 5 in magnitude) (Torbjørn 2017). Mostly when the phenomenon is invisible, radar echoes recorded signal lines whose slope changed periodically and gradually from negative to positive, in some tens of seconds (Teodorani et al. 2000). The duration of these signals is of about 15-30 min. ...
... Zou (1995) proposed that wave-particle interaction processes can occur in HL, and "solitons" or "acoustic waves" may propagate in plasma in very high velocities. Teodorani explained the Doppler effect and fast motion of HL through spinning and precessing particle accelerator (SPPA) of an unidentified rotating spheroidal body (Teodorani et al. 2000). ...
Hessdalen lights are unusual, free-floating light balls presenting different shapes and light colors, observed in the Hessdalen valley in rural central Norway. In this work, it is shown that these ghostly light balls are produced by an electrically active inversion layer above Hessdalen valley during geomagnetic storms. Puzzling geometric shapes and energy content observed in the HL phenomenon may be explained through a little-known solution of Maxwell’s equations to electric (and magnetic) field lines: they can form loops in a finite space, called “unusual electromagnetic disturbance”. “Natural battery”, aerosols and global atmospheric electric circuit may play a crucial role for the electrification of the temperature inversion layers.
... Apart from a relatively short-lasting monitoring session carried out in Hessdalen in summer 2000 when a 1420 MHz (of SETI-kind: SS-5 and Sentinel units) spectrometer (Teodorani et al., 2000) was deployed for three weeks by Italian engineers and researchers of the National Research Council during their (/ours) first mission to the area, microwave detectors have never been used in earthlight research. ...
On the basis of the experience of this author, a decade of scientific research on earthlights is amply discussed and pondered from the point of view of instrumental measurements. After an introduction that shows a brief synthesis of what has been done so far, all the different measurement techniques and tactical/strategic procedures that have been used so far or that are planned for the near future are discussed in detail. Constructive criticism on the gaps that emerged from this research is punctually pointed out. New procedural ideas are widely proposed and scientifically motivated in order to improve this research and to stimulate researchers on this field in order to search for an optimum common protocol.
http://www.itacomm.net/PH/2009_Teodorani.pdf
... Records of daylight phenomena are extremely rare. Light phenomena appear anywhere low in the sky and close to the ground without following any preferential trajectory (Teodorani et al., 2000; seeFig. 1a). ...
... In August 2000 (EMBLA 2000), the Norwegian AMS station in Hessdalen was equipped for about a month with an additional platform of automated radio 220 M. Teodorani instruments (Teodorani et al., 2000) designed by the technologists of the Istituto di Radioastronomia (CNR). The following were deployed: a) VLF-ELF (Very Low Frequency–Extra Low Frequency) correlation receiver and spectrometer connected to two loop antennas. ...
... Some white orbs, which are mostly seen in the sky, behave in a slightly different way. They turn on suddenly, move linearly, slowly and gradually by making a short path towards the observer, have a sudden outburst of light and disappear abruptly (Teodorani et al., 2000Teodorani et al., , 2002). Some other orbs are even more uncharacteristic, moving linearly low in the sky and often characterized by long-duration, regularly pulsating, double red lights (Teodorani & Nobili, 2002). ...
The balls of light which appear in the Hessdalen valley in Norway are exemplary of anomalous atmospheric luminous phenomena that occur frequently at some locations on Earth. The recurrence of the phenomenon and the existence of an instrumented observation station makes this area an ideal research site. The apparent correlation of luminous phenomena with magnetic perturbations, radio emission, and radar tracks, found by Norwegian re-searchers, led some Italian physicists and engineers of the EMBLA Project to reanalyze the Norwegian data. The second step was three explorative, instrumented, field-study expeditions. The behavior of the phenomenon was monitored with optical, radio, and radar techniques. The global picture of the phenomenon obtained so far shows that the phenomenon's radiant power varies, reaching values up to 19 kW. These changes are caused by sudden surface variations of the illuminated area owing to the appearance of clusters of light balls that behave in a thermally self-regulated way. Apparent characteristics consistent with a solid are strongly suspected from the study of distributions of radiant power. Other anomalous characteristics include the capability to eject smaller light balls, some unidentified frequency shift in the VLF range, and possible deposition of metallic particles. A self-consistent definitive theory of the phenomenon's nature and origin in all its aspects cannot be constructed yet quantitatively, but some of the observations can be explained by an electrochemical model for the ball-lightning phenomenon. The importance is stressed of using more sophisticated instrumentation in the future.
... Is this a sort of scarcely succeeded mimicry? In several other cases some kind of small-size and low-luminosity light-phenomenon approached the observer (at least 5 ascertained cases in 3 years [29,34], 1 of which visual, 1 of which visual and photographic, 3 of which only photographic). Should be this behaviour considered as a "silent attempt" of approach or a pure chance? ...
... From the experience which was obtained during the three EMBLA missions which were preceded by a massive analysis of the data acquired by the norwegian AMS in 1998-02 [29,32] and by the 40-days norwegian campaign in 1984 [9,26], the following certainties on the light-phenomenon can be well fixed: ...
... · When it is seen turned on for several seconds, it is always accompanied, preceded and followed by very short-lasting (a fraction of second) flashes of light which appear everywhere in the valley and which emit a power ranging from 10 to 300 W, some of which are photographed at a very brief distance from the observer (up to 5 m) [10,34]. · It occurs mostly at night, more often in the winter season and with a peak around midnight [26,29,32]. · It doesn't show preferential trajectories, but it is distributed everywhere in the sky and on the ground [26,29], being characterized mostly by white color and sometimes by red color [26]. ...
A two-weeks scientific expedition to Hessdalen, aimed at investigating on field mysterious atmospheric light-phenomena, was carried out in August 2002 by the physics section of an italian team of scientists. Results are presented and discussed. Photometric analysis shows that the light-phenomenon is able to produce a luminous power of up-to 100 kW. A 3-D analysis of photo frames shows that the luminous phenomenon doesn't resemble canonical plasma features (a sharply gaussian PSF) unless the light phenomenon is caused by one recently discovered natural light-ball of BL type whose light-distribution (PSF) might be able to simulate an uniformly illuminated solid. A comparison of the light-distribution in different time-sequential frames shows that apparent slightly exponential wings of the PSF features are probably due to variations of atmospheric turbulence and transparency and not to intrinsic properties. Maximum phases of luminosity of the radiating surface are demonstrated to be due to the sudden apparition of a cluster of co-existing light-balls at constant temperature, while the inflation of light-balls is ruled out. Spectra show no resolved lines but a three-peaked feature which might be attributed both to some kind of artificial illumination system and to a mixture of many blended lines due to several chemical elements (more possibly: silicon). The results of a lab analysis of ground samples shows that some powder which was collected near a river contains an anomalous iron sphere of micrometric dimensions. A biophysical research-proposal aimed at studying the relation between the EM field produced by the phenomenon and the electrical activity of the human body is also presented. On the basis of this third explorative experience, the importance of having at disposal a sophisticated opto-electronic portable station (missing at present) is stressed for the future.
Project Hessdalen
http://hessdalen.hiof.no/reports/EMBLA_2002_2.pdf
... The huge amount of data which were acquired in 15 years by the norwegian group known as " Project Hessdalen " , has justified the execution of two italian scientific explorative missions (EMBLA 2000 and 2001) ) [4, 8, 21, 23], in the ambit of an italian-norwegian academic collaboration which is working since 1994. These expeditions, such as the ones which are planned for the next future, are aimed at obtaining the physical parameters of the phenomenon, or on the other hand at trying to understand the physics on which the phenomenon is based and the causes which trigger it. ...
... Nevertheless, even if the causes which produce the luminous phenomen are still unknown, after the EMBLA 2000 and 2001 missions a very circumstantial phenomenological scenario has come out, expecially if one considers that such a phenomenon has been continuously monitored for two months, with a strict link with the norwegian automatic station, by obtaining results mainly with VLF spectrometers, video images, photographs, and low-dispersion spectra. The obtained results [8, 21, 23] show that the considered phenomenon presents sometimes prominent physical anomalies and a high degree of self-sustentation from the energetic point of view. All this appears from the following surveys: 1) a high level of atmospheric electrification has been recorded in the entire Hessdalen valley, in form of kind of globular lightnings which are reported everywhere, both in the sky and on the ground; 2) a phenomenology exists which is able to produce doppler-type signals in the very low frequencies (VLF) with velocity up to 100.000 km/sec, an evidence which, on the basis of an ad-hoc model, might be interpreted as the presence of high-energy particles which are accelerated and collimated by a magnetic field with cylindrical symmetry whose axis is misaligned in comparison with the rotation axis of a strongly rotating body; 3) the luminous phenomenon itself is openly constituted of many subordinate spheroids which seem to vibrate around a common barycenter, some of which are clearly ejected from the central body; 4) the phenomenon is able to change shape and color in a very short time (of the order of seconds), by showing irregular pulsations continuously and for a long time lapse (up to 30 minutes). ...
... Since the first field-observation in Hessdalen (EMBLA 2000) it has been possible to learn that, together with a big majority of lights of the " plasmoid type " , structured objects were present too: at first a triangle of lights, then a low-luminosity egg-like translucid object [21]. During the second field-observation (EMBLA 2001) something similar to a flattened ellipsoid was recorded [23]. ...
On the basis of statistical calculations on galactic migration which bring the necessity of insertion of a new parameter inside the Drake formula, the work-hypothesis named SETV predicts that exogenous vehicles and/or probes may have reached the Solar System too, including Earth. The technology which is now available is able to allow sensing operations both in the extreme borders of the solar system and on our own planet. The possible presence of probes of possible extraterrestrial origin on our planet may be ascertained by using a network of sensing stations which are placed in critical areas. One of them is the norwegian area of Hessdalen, where the two scientific explorative missions of `Project EMBLA' have carried out measurements which demonstrate the existence of all the anomalies of the luminous phenomenon which is present there. At present nothing proves scientifically that our planet is being visited by alien intelligences, nevertheless the remarkable peculiarity which was learnt in some areas of recurrence demonstrate that the verified phenomenology, of extreme importance for fundamental physics, presents characteristics which deserve a further investigation with highly sophisticated instrumentation.
http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc1841.htm
... The AMS collected a lot of video recordings since 1998 [42,44,45]. The AMS has allowed to monitor successfully the light-phenomenon all the time and to obtain a reliable statistics of its appearance in the valley [53,55]. ...
... The italian "optical team", in Norway was very efficiently and friendly assisted by Erling Strand and Bjørn Gitle Hauge, in particular for the excursions on the field. While in August 2000 the optical team (composed only of Massimo Teodorani) was able to obtain only some optical data on the phenomenon [55,57], in August 2001, during an intensive month of observational activity in the field [47], the same group could obtain a large amount of data of several types. This report is just dedicated to the presentation of these data and of what came out from their analysis. ...
... Most of the lights were observed near the ground or just over the top of the mountains, but some of them were seen in the sky as well. Even if with different and less spectacular characteristics than the previous year [55], in August 2001 it was possible to sight a "structured object" too. ...
In August 2001 a new joint collaboration between italian physicists and norwegian engineers was succesfully carried into effect with a new mission to Norway, in order to further investigate a luminous phenomenon which is occurring recurrently in the valley of Hessdalen. The italian research-activity of this year was concentrated in the acquisition of optical data coming from conventional photography, video imaging and video-spectroscopy. Many photographs, videos and some spectra were obtained of the phenomenon. The results coming from the subsequent analysis are synthetized in seven points. A) On the basis of a photometric (point spread function) and spectroscopic (low-resolution spectra) analysis, the luminous phenomenon results to be, in the very most part of the cases, a thermal plasma. From the maximum of the Planck curve a temperature T ~ 6500 deg K is measured, which remains approximately constant for all the duration of the luminous phenomenon (sometimes up to 3 minutes), in spite of the sharp luminosity variations. B) The light-phenomenon is subject to luminosity variations on a time-scale of the order of seconds and ten seconds. A light-curve shows characteristics of semi-pulsation (about ten seconds) of the `on-off' type in the primary phase, while in the secondary phase it presents a semi-stable behaviour which is settled at the maximum luminosity and with small semi-periodic oscillations (1 second). The luminosity maxima are reached only when the radiating surface reaches the largest dimensions, by remaining the flux approximately constant. C) The luminous phenomenon when seen by naked eye appears like `light orbs', while an instrumental analysis (both video and photographic) demonstrates that the light-orbs are often constituted of many smaller orbs which appear to vibrate around a common barycenter which coincides with a larger central body, and it is evident that the central body is sometimes able to eject smaller orbs on a time-scale of the order of 1 second. The increase of the radiating surface is often due to an integrated effect which is caused by the presence of many light-components which are occasionally located just outside of the central body. D) The luminous phenomenon is able to acquire any kind of shape, sometimes also sharply geometric. E) In spite of the fact that it looks like a thermal plasma, the luminous phenomenon doesn't present, from a thermodynamic point of view, any adiabatic behaviour. This is demonstrated by the missing of an anti-correlation between the diameter of the luminous body and the flux peak-value. F) A qualitative model is presented. It is hypothesized that the luminous orbs are thermal plasma structures which are triggered by a `central force' which simulates a mini-black hole and which are internally confined by a magnetic cage. The verified missing of heat production is hypothesized to be due to a blocking of the electrons of conduction. Other models, involving the presence of magnetic monopoles, and the photoionization of low-energy plasmas by cosmic rays, are considered too. G) Once more it has been possible to demonstrate that the Hessdalen area is also featured by other targets with anomalous characteristics which seem to overlap on the more `standard luminous phenomenon', from the analysis of two of which no plasma signature was found. One of these objects presents sharply `metal like' characteristics, whose appearance in the photo after a flash exposure is interpreted to be due to an effect of stimulated emission on a substance of semiconductive kind.
http://www.itacomm.net/ph/embla2001/embla2001_e.pdf
... The AMS collected a lot of video recordings since 1998 [42, 44, 45]. The AMS has allowed to monitor successfully the light-phenomenon all the time and to obtain a reliable statistics of its appearance in the valley [53, 55]. The AMS The Hessdalen Automatic Measurment Station consists of two main systems, which work separately (seeFig. ...
... During the last two years a group of italian researchers (physicists, electronic engineers and technicians) joined the norwegian researchers, by carrying out measurements both in the radio and in the optical wavelengths. The results of the radio measurements, which were obtained with spectrum analyzers, and of some of the optical measurements, are described in a specific report [55, 57], in which it is shown that unexplained radio signals (spike and doppler signals) in the VLF region were recorded in the course of the first italian mission to Norway occurred in August 2000. This mission was called EMBLA 2000. ...
... The italian " optical team " , in Norway was very efficiently and friendly assisted by Erling Strand and Bjørn Gitle Hauge, in particular for the excursions on the field. While in August 2000 the optical team (composed only of Massimo Teodorani) was able to obtain only some optical data on the phenomenon [55, 57], in August 2001, during an intensive month of observational activity in the field [47], the same group could obtain a large amount of data of several types. This report is just dedicated to the presentation of these data and of what came out from their analysis. ...
In August 2001 a new joint collaboration between italian physicists and norwegian engineers was succesfully carried into effect with a new mission to Norway, in order to further investigate a luminous phenomenon which is occurring recurrently in the valley of Hessdalen. The italian research-activity of this year was concentrated in the acquisition of optical data coming from conventional photography, video imaging and video-spectroscopy. Many photographs, videos and some spectra were obtained of the phenomenon. The results coming from the subsequent analysis show that: 1) the luminous phenomenon is a thermal plasma; 2) the light-balls are not single objects but are constituted of many small components which are casually vibrating around a common barycenter; 3) the light-balls are able to eject smaller light-balls; 4) the light-balls change shape all the time; 5) the luminosity increase of the light balls is due to the increase of the radiating area. This mission was able to finally visualize the real structure and nature of the light-phenomenon and its time-behaviour. The cause, and the physical mechanism with which radiation is emitted is currently unknown, and will be investigated in further missions. Some physical hypotheses are amply discussed.
http://www.itacomm.net/ph/embla2001/embla2001_e.pdf
... Fasi successive dell " investigazione ottica, che sarà realizzata con apparati ottici ad elevata portabilità di tipo " scout " , fondi permettendo, comporteranno lo studio sia fotometrico che spettroscopico dei fenomeni luminosi di qualunque tipo utilizzando rivelatori ad accoppiamento di carica (CCD) ultrasensibili. In tal modo diverrà possibile effettuare vere e proprie misure dell " aspetto ottico del fenomeno [1, 44, 45, 48], che vadano ben oltre le videoriprese e le fotografie. Ciò consentirà di fornire una diagnosi pressochè definitiva sia sul meccanismo fisico con cui avviene l " emissione luminosa che sulla causa che lo produce, e di stabilire delle possibili correlazioni non solo temporali, con le già ben note anomalie radio. ...
Discussion of an hypothetic connection between the detection of anomalous luminous phenomena and extraterrestrial visitation
A general divulging description of the first steps of the Italian research in Hessdalen.
Some gratuitous criticism attempted to attack research concerning the scientific study of anomalous light phenomena in Hessdalen, Norway, by artfully constructing a castle in the air based on the arbitrary assumption that the "EMBLA 2002" field-study was dedicated to car headlights. This paper summarizes and analyzes in a few essential details the reasons why this "criticism" hasn't any reason to be considered such, as it is only a well-constructed fake. Some epistemological aspects are treated as well.
VERSION IN ENGLISH: http://www.scienzaemistero.com/2007/pdf/Anomalistik_Teodorani.pdf
