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Pulmonary artery from calf C with denuded wall (arrow) and early neutrophilic vasculitis. 1,000×. Hematoxylin and eosin. Bar = 20 μm.
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Organisms previously classified as Streptococcus bovis (i.e., the S. bovis/S. equinus complex) are common in cattle feces, but may also act as opportunistic pathogens. In the current work, Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli, a member of this complex, was associated with a cluster of calves that died within hours of injection with a modified live...
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Context 1
... A. In calves B and C, there were scattered foci of alveoli contain- ing small aggregates of neutrophils mixed with fibrin. Asso- ciated pneumocytes were sloughed or hypereosinophilic; the interalveolar walls were focally effaced by fibrin. In rare ves- sels, the endothelium of pulmonary vessels was denuded with exposure of the basement membrane ( Fig. 2) and occa- sional areas of small fibrin aggregates. Gram-positive diplo- cocci were in several pulmonary vessels. In less affected areas, neutrophils expanded the intra-alveolar septa. Lung from the cow showed a mild fibrinous pneumonitis. A Gram stain of the lungs of the cow was negative for gram-positive diplococci. In the cow and ...
Citations
... The Bb-00020 nucleotide sequence was found to be a perfect match to the 16S rRNA gene of Streptococcus lutetiensis, a bacterial species whose function remains to be determined in the ruminant gut. Note that it has been linked to respiratory diseases leading to sudden death in calves and may thus represent a potential pathogen (Clarke et al., 2016). In addition, unlike many members of the genus Streptococcus, S. lutetiensis does not appear to be associated with starch fermentation; rather, it has been reported to have coding sequences for beta-glucosidase activity, indicating the potential for cellulose hydrolysis (Schlegel et al., 2000;Poyart et al., 2002), which may suggest the presence of a novel strain of S. lutetiensis in the gut of bison with potential genes encoding for starch fermentation. ...
To overcome the challenges of pasture-finishing of bison, producers commonly feed them with higher energy, grain-based diets to reach the desired market weight. However, decades of research on domesticated ruminants have shown that such diets can have profound effects on the composition of gut microbial communities. To gain further insight, the 16S rRNA gene-based study described in this report aimed to compare the composition of ruminal and fecal bacterial communities from two herds of bison heifers ( n = 20/herd) raised on different ranches that were both transitioned from native pasture to a grain-based, free-choice diet for ~100 days prior to slaughter. Comparative analyses of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) composition, either by alpha diversity indices, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), or on the most abundant individual OTUs, showed the dramatic effect of a diet on the composition of both rumen and fecal bacterial communities in bison. Indeed, feeding a grain-based diet resulted in a lower number of rumen and fecal bacterial OTUs, respectively, compared to grazing on pasture ( p < 0.05). PCoA revealed that the composition of the rumen and fecal bacterial communities from the two herds was more similar when they were grazing on native pastures compared to when they were fed a grain-based, free-choice diet. Finally, a comparative analysis of the 20 most abundant OTUs from the rumen and fecal communities further showed that the representation of all these species-level bacterial groups differed ( p < 0.05) between the two dietary treatments. Together, these results provide further insights into the rumen and fecal microbiomes of grazing bison and their response to grain-based diet regimens commonly used in intensive ruminant production systems.
... Hence, we report Sii infection for the first time in the horse. However, the members of SBSEC are sporadically isolated in animal infections such as endocarditis, septicemia, and bacteremia; in calf [5], sea otter [6], pigeon [7], mink [8], cat [9] and turkey [10]. Urinary infections due to SBSEC are also unknown in animals, however, bacteriuria due to SBSEC is well-established in humans of underlying urinary disease with approximately (1.0%) positive urine cultures to S. bovis. ...
A 6-year-old, male Arabian crossbred horse was necropsied after a 10 day history of loss of appetite, debility and weight loss. Gross and histologic examination was consistent with purulent papillitis due to Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius. The isolate was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested.
... Streptococcus infantarius seen differentially abundant in restriction rumen samples is a member of the S. bovis/S. equinus complex, a major lactic acid producing bacterium in the rumen (Clarke et al., 2016). Members of this complex are regularly identified as commensals in the GI tract of rumens that play an essential role in proteolysis and carbohydrate degradation. ...
The current trends in climate change and global warming are expected to have a profound effect on the cattle industry. Availability of good quality water in sufficient amounts is one aspect in cattle operations that can be adversely affected by such climate phenomenon. Water is an essential nutrient playing a pivotal role in maintaining critical physiological functions in cattle. The gastrointestinal microbial community of ruminants such as cattle are central to the digestion of plant material, production of volatile fatty acids, and the production of microbial crude protein essential in replenishing the nutrient requirement of the animal. Factors such as dietary composition, host genetics, production environment, age, sex etc. have been associated with significant changes in the gut microbiome of cattle. However, the effect of water restriction on the gut microbial dynamics of cattle is yet to be extensively studied. Hence, we used rumen and fecal samples from feedlot cattle collected during ad libitum water intake and at 50% water restriction to reconstruct rumen and fecal microbial communities using 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicon sequencing and whole metagenome sequencing. The amplicon sequencing data summarized at genus level revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in the overall species composition of rumen and fecal microbiomes during water restriction. Genera such as Methanobrevibacter, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 showed significant differences in their relative abundance when subjected to water restriction. The fecal microbiome exhibited the most prominent changes due to water restriction where genera such as Turicibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Romboutsia, and Paeniclostridium showed significant differences (p<0.05) in their relative abundance in comparison to ad libitum water intake. Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Paenoclostridum, Rombutsia, Clostridoides, Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were identified as biomarkers in animals that performed significantly better (p<0.05) under water restricted conditions. Metagenome sequencing data summarized at species level showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the abundance Ruminococcaceae bacterium P7, Methanosphaera sp BMS, and Methanobrevibacter millerae in the fecal microbiome during water restriction. A multitude of biologically significant metabolic pathways in the rumen/fecal microbiome, pertaining to amino acid biosynthesis, methanogenesis, pyruvate fermentation etc. differed significantly (p<0.05) in pathway abundance during water restriction.
... Aislamiento e identificación molecular de bacterias ácido lácticas. 30 bacterias aisladas acido lácticas fueron obtenidas de la muestra fecal, estas bacteria son Grampositivas y no esporulante con diferentes formas y tamaños, el análisis de secuenciamiento dirigidas al Gen 16 ARN ribosómico nos permitió identificar 15 especies de Weissella (W.confusa, W. cibaria); 6 especies de Pediococcus (P. pentosaseus); una especie de Lactobacillus (L. ...
El sajino (Pecari tajacu) es una especie de alto valor comercial en el mercado internacional por su carne y cuero. Los animales criados en cautividad se caracterizan por su rusticidad probablemente debido a su microbiota nativa que resulta de gran interés como fuente de probióticos para su manejo en zoocriadero. El objetivo fue identificar molecularmente, la microbiota de las heces del sajino. Siendo la metodología, aislamiento y purificación bacteriana en medio de cultivo selectivo MRS, seguidamente la extracción de ADN dirigida al gen 16S ADNr, PCR, electroforesis, secuenciación y finalmente el análisis bioinformático. Resultando, cepas bacterianas ácido lácticas, Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, Pediococcus pentosaceus y Lactobacillus plantarum. Este estudio abre la vía a la “domesticación” de probióticos de especies animales silvestres candidatas para el desarrollo de nuevas actividades pecuarias, en particular en zonas de amortiguamiento de reservas de biosfera.
... L. taiwanensis is a novel Lactobacillus species first isolated from cattle silage in Taiwan and named after the geographical location of sample collection [26], Streptococcus infantarius which was the most isolated species in our study is a predominant LAB species in African fermented dairy product of animal origin but not usually isolated from fresh milk [22,27,28]. L. mucosae is a novel pig intestinal Lactobacillus species first described in 2000 [29] while Streptococcus equinus which is predominantly of horse origin and are related to Streptococcus bovis commonly found in cattle faeces are often grouped together as the S. bovis/ S. equinus complex [30]. Lactobacillus salivarius C86, Lactobacillus salivarius C94 and Enterococcus 1F all demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the two test Salmonella enterica S1 and Salmonella enterica S57 isolated from cattle faeces. ...
Background: Non typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the neglected zoonoses in most African countries. The use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics as animal growth promoter enhances the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria with food animal reservoirs and may also results in antibiotics residue in animal products. One promising alternative to antibiotics in animal feed is Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as probiotics. This study was carried out to determine the anti-salmonella activities and suitability of LAB isolated from cattle faeces in Nigeria as potential probiotics in cattle feed. Method: The test Salmonella enterica spp strains and LAB were isolated from cattle faeces and identified by MALDI-TOF MS and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes respectively. The anti-salmonella activities of the isolated LAB in co-culture, cell-free supernatant, inhibition of growth by viable LAB cells and quantification of organic acids were determined by standard techniques. The ability of the LAB strains to withstand gastric conditions, antibiotic susceptibility and their haemolytic ability on blood agar were also determined. Results: A total of 88 LAB belonging to 15 species were isolated and identified from cattle faeces. The most abundant species were Streptococcus infantarius (26), Enterococcus hirae (12), Lactobacillus amylovorus (10), Lactobacillus mucosae (10) and Lactobacillus ingluviei (9). Most of the LAB strains showed good anti-salmonella activities against the test Salmonella enterica spp. with 2 Lactobacillus strains; Lactobacillus amylovorus C94 and Lactobacillus salivarius C86 exhibiting remarkable anti-salmonella activities with total inhibition of Salmonella spp after 18 hours of co-incubation. The selected strains were able to survive simultaneous growth at pH 3 and 7% bile concentration and are non hemolytic. Conclusion: This study reports the vast diversity of culturable LAB in cattle faeces from Nigeria and their putative in-vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica spp isolated from cattle. Lactobacillus amylovorus C94 and Lactobacillus salivarius C86 demonstrated promising probiotic potentials in-vitro and will be further tested in-vivo in animal field trial.
... L. taiwanensis is a novel Lactobacillus species first isolated from cattle silage in Taiwan and named after the geographical location of sample collection [26], Streptococcus infantarius which was the most isolated species in our study is a predominant LAB species in African fermented dairy product of animal origin but not usually isolated from fresh milk [22,27,28]. L. mucosae is a novel pig intestinal Lactobacillus species first described in 2000 [29] while Streptococcus equinus which is predominantly of horse origin and are related to Streptococcus bovis commonly found in cattle faeces are often grouped together as the S. bovis/ S. equinus complex [30]. Lactobacillus salivarius C86, Lactobacillus salivarius C94 and Enterococcus 1F all demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the two test Salmonella enterica S1 and Salmonella enterica S57 isolated from cattle faeces. ...
Background:
Non typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the neglected zoonoses in most African countries. The use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics as animal growth promoter enhances the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria with food animal reservoirs and may also results in antibiotics residue in animal products. One promising alternative to antibiotics in animal feed is Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as probiotics. This study was carried out to determine the anti-salmonella activities and suitability of LAB isolated from cattle faeces in Nigeria as potential probiotics in cattle feed.
Method:
The test Salmonella enterica spp strains and LAB were isolated from cattle faeces and identified by MALDI-TOF MS and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes respectively. The anti-salmonella activities of the isolated LAB in co-culture, cell-free supernatant, inhibition of growth by viable LAB cells and quantification of organic acids were determined by standard techniques. The ability of the LAB strains to withstand gastric conditions, antibiotic susceptibility and their haemolytic ability on blood agar were also determined.
Results:
A total of 88 LAB belonging to 15 species were isolated and identified from cattle faeces. The most abundant species were Streptococcus infantarius (26), Enterococcus hirae (12), Lactobacillus amylovorus (10), Lactobacillus mucosae (10) and Lactobacillus ingluviei (9). Most of the LAB strains showed good anti-salmonella activities against the test Salmonella enterica spp. with 2 Lactobacillus strains; Lactobacillus amylovorus C94 and Lactobacillus salivarius C86 exhibiting remarkable anti-salmonella activities with total inhibition of Salmonella spp after 18 hours of co-incubation. The selected strains were able to survive simultaneous growth at pH 3 and 7% bile concentration and are non hemolytic.
Conclusion:
This study reports the vast diversity of culturable LAB in cattle faeces from Nigeria and their putative in-vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica spp isolated from cattle. Lactobacillus amylovorus C94 and Lactobacillus salivarius C86 demonstrated promising probiotic potentials in-vitro and will be further tested in-vivo in animal field trial.
... In a recent report, vaccine contamination with Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli resulted in sepsis in 15% of the vaccinated animals of which 57% died (Clarke et al., 2016). Surgical wounds and catheter infections are common causes of sepsis in humans, but have been hardly documented in calves. ...
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in cattle, as in humans. Successful sepsis treatment requires a fast initiation of antimicrobial therapy with a broad-spectrum, bactericidal drug, administered intravenously. However, the new legislation limits the use of critically important fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins in food animal medicine, drugs which are considered highly effective for sepsis treatment and were previously frequently used for this indication. This article aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge of sepsis in cattle to aid practitioners in adapting their decision making process to treat sepsis. Sepsis incidence in cattle is likely seriously underestimated. This disease is almost unexplored in cattle, which makes it particularly difficult to design species specific guidelines. Sepsis diagnosis by blood culture reaches sufficient accuracy with the current laboratory technology. When adapting this procedure to a field environment, difficulties might arise, and the availability of adapted incubators in veterinary laboratories may be limited. However, these difficulties are likely to be overcome. Severe sepsis and septic shock are likely the only indications where the 'urgency' criterion of the new legislation would apply, but it is important to realize that alternative antimicrobial treatments with possibly similar efficacy are available.
Abstract Vitamin D (VitD) is emerging as an immune regulator in addition to its established role in metabolism and mineral homeostasis. This study sought to determine if in vivo VitD modulated the oral and faecal microbiome in Holstein–Friesian dairy calves. The experimental model consisted of two control groups (Ctl-In, Ctl-Out) which were fed with a diet containing 6000 IU/Kg of VitD3 in milk replacer and 2000 IU/Kg in feed, and two treatment groups (VitD-In, VitD-Out) with 10,000 IU/Kg of VitD3 in milk replacer and 4000 IU/Kg in feed. One control and one treatment group were moved outdoors post-weaning at approximately 10 weeks of age. Saliva and faecal samples were collected after 7 months of supplementation and analysis of the microbiome was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity analysis identified that both sampling site (oral vs. faecal) and housing (indoor vs. outdoor) had significant influences on the composition of the microbiome. The calves housed outdoors had greater microbial diversity in the faecal samples based on Observed, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and Fisher measures in comparison to calves housed indoors (P
Streptococcus spp. cause a wide range of diseases in animals and humans. A Streptococcus strain (FMD1) was isolated from forest musk deer lung. To identify the bacterium at the species level and investigate its pathogenicity, whole genome sequencing and experimental infections of mice were performed. The genome had 97.63% average nucleotide identity with the S. equinus strain. Through virulence gene analysis, a beta-hemolysin/cytolysin genome island was found in the FMD1 genome, which contained 12 beta-hemolysin/cytolysin-related genes. Hemolytic reaction and histopathological analysis established the strain's pathogenicity in mice. This is the first report of a beta-hemolytic S. equinus strain in forest musk deer identified based on phenotypic and genotypic analyzes; this strategy could be useful for analyzing pathogens affecting rare animals.
