Figure 4 - uploaded by Vagner G. Cortez
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Psilocybe cubensis: A. Basidiome. B. Basidia. C. Basidiospores. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. Scale bar: A = 20 mm; B-E = 10 µm.
Source publication
Collections of Hypholoma subviride, Melanotus proteus, Psilocybe caeruleoannulata, P. coprophila, P. cubensis, P. moellerii, P. pegleriana, Stropharia coronilla, S. rugosoannulata, and S. semiglobata, all placed in subfamily Stropharioideae (Strophariaceae, Agaricales) are discussed and illustrated from southern Brazil. Melanotus proteus, P. moelle...
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Citations
... We highlight the publication of the first Brazilian study on the occurrence of fimicolous myxomycetes (Bezerra & al. 2008), in areas of Caatinga, northeast Brazil, in states of Pernambuco and Sergipe. The Brazilian mycologists Vagner Gularte Cortez and Felipe Wartchow, for the south and north regions of the country, respectively, made other important records, contributing to the knowledge of dung-inhabiting agarics in the Strophariaceae (see Cortez & Coelho 2004, Guzmán & Cortez 2004, Cortez & Silveira 2008. For Mucoromycota, important contributions came from André Luiz C. M. A. Santiago, then a doctorate student under the guidance of Professor Maria Axiliadora de Queiroz Cavalcanti (Santiago & al. 2008a(Santiago & al. ,b, 2009. ...
In 2014 we published the first checklist of fungi sensu lato recorded on dung from Brazil, as a result of an effort to maintain an easily accessible database on the knowledge of the diversity of these fungi. In the last 10 years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications involving this ecological group, and we are presenting an update which summarizes data from a century of research (from 1919 to 2019). We present an annotated list of all species and occurrences added to the Brazilian copromycodiversity, the annual accumulation of records, and occurrence by substrate. There were 302 records of 166 species, 98 of which are new for Brazil, all of them reported from seven Federation states (including two new). Most of the occurrences are reported from the northeast region of the country (Pernambuco and Piauí states), followed by the midwest (Goiás and Federal District) and southern regions (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). Amazonas and Piauí are states with new records of these organisms, with one record each. There are now 568 occurrences and 308 species of dung-inhabiting fungi recorded in Brazil.
... We highlight the publication of the first Brazilian study on the occurrence of fimicolous myxomycetes (Bezerra & al. 2008), in areas of Caatinga, northeast Brazil, in states of Pernambuco and Sergipe. The Brazilian mycologists Vagner Gularte Cortez and Felipe Wartchow, for the south and north regions of the country, respectively, made other important records, contributing to the knowledge of dung-inhabiting agarics in the Strophariaceae (see Cortez & Coelho 2004, Guzmán & Cortez 2004, Cortez & Silveira 2008. For Mucoromycota, important contributions came from André Luiz C. M. A. Santiago, then a doctorate student under the guidance of Professor Maria Axiliadora de Queiroz Cavalcanti (Santiago & al. 2008a(Santiago & al. ,b, 2009. ...
Mycotaxon is pleased to add a new annotated species distribution list to our 142 previously posted free access fungae. The 22-page "Additions to a checklist of coprophilous fungi and other fungi recorded on dung from Brazil: an overview of a century of research" by Francisco J. Simões Calaça, Vanessa Basilio Tereza, and Solange Xavier-Santos may be downloaded from our website via http://www. mycotaxon. com/mycobiota/index. html
... ARG, BRA, CHI, PER Spegazzini (1899Spegazzini ( , 1926b as Stropharia merdaria; Singer (1969) as Psilocybe merdaria var. macrospora; Guzmán (1978), Cortez & Coelho (2004) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) as P. moelleri Deconica montana (Pers.) P.D. Orton CHI, COL, VEN Dennis (1961) as P. atrorufa;Singer (1969), Guzmán (1978), Guzmán et al. (1994) and Franco-Molano & Uribe-Calle (2000) as Psilocybe montana Deconica musacearum (Singer) Cortez & P.S. Silva BRA Silva et al. (2014); Singer (1989) and Meijer (2006) as Melanotus musacearum Deconica neorhombispora (Guzmán) Horak ARG Singer (1969), Guzmán (1978), Horak (1980), Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 Silva et al. (2006Silva et al. ( , 2008; Rick (1961) as Stropharia thrausta; Moreno & Albertó (1996), Meijer (2001Meijer ( , 2006, Sobestiansky (2005) and George-Nascimento (2007) VEN Meijer (2001, 2006 and Silva et al. (2006Silva et al. ( , 2008Silva et al. ( , 2012; Singer (1953) and Pereira & Putzke (1990) as Naematoloma subumbonatescens; Delgado & Urdaneta (2002) as N. ericaeum;Rick (1961) as Stropharia ericaea. ...
... ARG, BRA Wright & Albertó (2002) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012);Rick (1919Rick ( , 1939Rick ( , 1961 and Singer (1969) Dennis (1961), Pegler (1983Pegler ( , 1997, , Sotão et al. (1991), Ovrebo (1996), Cortez & Coelho (2004) and Meijer (2006); Pegler (1987a) Singer ARG Raithelhuber (1988, 1991, 2004 and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota apiahyna Speg. ...
... squarrosipes Singer ARG Raithelhuber (1988, 1991, 2004 and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota baeosperma Singer ARG, CHI Singer (1969), Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Gamundi & Horak (2002) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota bicolor (Speg.) Singer ARG, BRA Pegler (1997), Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Meijer (2001Meijer ( , 2006 and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota calendulina Singer ARG Raithelhuber (1988, 1991, 2004 ARG Raithelhuber (1974Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 and CHI Raithelhuber (1974, 1977, 1988, 1991, 2004, Meijer (2001Meijer ( , 2006 Singer ARG Singer (1969), Horak (1980), Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota microcarpa Singer ARG, CHI Singer (1969), Raithelhuber (1977Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota montana Singer ARG, CHI Singer (1969), Horak (1980), Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 ARG Raithelhuber (1974Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Wright & Albertó (2002) (1961), Singer (1969), Horak (1980), Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Franco-Molano & Uribe-Calle (2000) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Pholiota psathyrelloides Singer ARG Singer (1969), Horak (1980), Raithelhuber (1977Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 Singer (1969), Raithelhuber (1974Raithelhuber ( , 1977Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004 ARG, CHI, URU Speggazini (1887a, 1887b), Singer (1950Singer ( , 1969, Raithelhuber (1977Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Horak (1980) Rick (1907Rick ( , 1939Rick ( , 1961, Spegazzini (1887aSpegazzini ( , 1887bSpegazzini ( , 1899Spegazzini ( , 1926aSpegazzini ( , 1926b, Dennis (1961), Singer (1969), Horak (1980), Raithelhuber (1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Stijve & de Meijer (1993), Guzmán et al. (1994), Pegler (1997) (2000), Meijer (2001Meijer ( , 2006, Wright & Albertó (2002), Cortez & Coelho (2004), Cortez & Silveira (2008) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) as Stropharia semiglobata Psilocybe acutipilea (Speg.) Guzmán BRA Guzmán (1978, 1995, Pegler (1997) and Guzmán et al. (1998) Singer BRA Singer (1986) and Guzmán (1995) Psilocybe alnetorum (Singer) Singer ARG, BRA Guzmán (1978Guzmán ( , 1995, Raithelhuber (1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Stijve & Meijer (1993), Meijer (2006) Guzmán et al. (1994Guzmán et al. ( , 1998, Guzmán (1995) and Franco-Molano et al. (2010) Psilocybe araucana Singer ARG Singer (1969), Raithelhuber (1977Raithelhuber ( , 1988Raithelhuber ( , 1991Raithelhuber ( , 2004, Guzmán (1978) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) Psilocybe aztecorum var. ...
Following a serie of papers inventorying the agaric mycota (Agaricales) of Central and
South Americas, this second publication is a literature-based checklist of the dark-spored family
Strophariaceae. In total, 288 taxa belonging to 18 genera are reported here, mainly for Argentina
(120 spp.) and Brazil (115 spp.), the most representative countries. This list is an effort to organize
the widespread knowledge of Strophariaceae species diversity and geographical distribution, but
does not reflect the real diversity of Strophariaceae from this region.
... Panaeolus africanus grew on elephant and hippopotamus dung in Central and South Africa (Stamets 1996). Interestingly, Stropharia rugosoannulata although known from temperate and rarely in subtropics (on decomposing straw, mulch, soil and litter) (Cortez & Coelho 2004), all collections from Kerala were confined only to elephant dung . ...
... Lepista sordida also grew on elephant dung manure in Deer park of Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Natarajan & Raman 1980). The edible Protostropharia semiglobata was common on dung (cattle, horse, rabbit and sheep) in British Isles (Arora 1986, Walting & Gregory 1987 and on the horse dung in Brazil (Cortez & Coelho 2004). This fungus commonly occurs on dung in Southern India (Natarajan & Raman 1983, Bhavanidevi 1995 as well as on camel dung in Northern India (Punjab) (see Kaur et al. 2013). ...
Six species of macrofungi in five genera were documented growing on elephant dung located in the Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary of Western Ghats of Karnataka (Conocybe pubescens, Coprinus patouillardii, Panaeolus fimicola, Podosordaria elephanti, Psilocybe coprophila and P. fimetaria). Among these, Coprinus patouillardii, Panaeolus fimicola and Psilocybe fimetaria are the first record, while Conocybe pubescens is new record on elephant dung in the Western Ghats. Including the present study, so far a total of 31 species of macrofungi have been reported on elephant dung of the Western Ghats. Some of the elephant dung-inhabiting macrofungi were also found on other herbivore dung in the Western Ghats and elsewhere. Future inventories on macrofungi inhabiting on dung of domestic/tamed, conserved and wild elephants to fill our knowledge gap on their diversity and to open up scope to harness their bioactive potential.
... The Pampa Biome has an important but poorly studied biodiversity (Overbeck et al. 2007) and regarding the mycobiota, the efforts to document species are extremely sparse and restricted to particular groups of macrofungi (Cortez et al. 2009, Alves et al. 2012, Sulzbacher et al. 2013, and with particular reference to Psilocybe s.l., only a few species have been reported (Silva et al. 2006. On the other hand, some species have been reported from central areas of Rio Grande do Sul state, especially from the southern border of Atlantic Forest (Cortez & Coelho 2004) or from the Atlantic. ...
... It has been recently recorded and discussed from southern Brazil by Silva et al. (2012). Cortez & Coelho (2004) first recorded D. moelleri from the region of Santa Maria, a transitional formation of Atlantic Forest and Pampa biome. Since then, no additional collections of this mushroom were gathered, suggesting that this is an uncommon species in that zone. ...
... -This species is recognized mainly by the membranous, well developed annulus, and subhexagonal basidiospores. It was recorded from the southern border of Atlantic forest by Cortez & Coelho (2004), where it seems to be a rare species. D i s c u s s i o n . ...
Ten species of Deconica and Psilocybe are reported from the Pampa and Atlantic Forest biomes of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Deconica musacearum, a new introduced combination, is reported as new from Rio Grande do Sul. Psilocybe subaeruginascens, a hallucinogenic mushroom is reported as new from America.
... Recently, several Stropharia species have been described from the neotropical region (Cortez & Coelho 2004, Bandala et al. 2005, Silva et al. 2006, 2009, Cortez & Silveira 2007, Cortez 2008a and China (Bau & Meng 2008). Stropharia rubrobrunnea resembles the most common species S. rugosoannulata (Cortez & Silveira 2008) in similar sized basidiomes. ...
Stropharia rubrobrunnea, characterized by its caespitose habit, smooth grayish red or reddish to violet brown hygrophanous pileus, annular stipe, and dimorphic cheilocystidia, is described and illustrated as a new species. It is distinguished from S. rugosoannulata by its stipe color and basidiospore size.
... P. Karst A coprophilous and small mushroom, with a distinctly striate pileus, distributed worldwide, growing on cow and horse dung. It is known from Northeastern (Wartchow et al. 2007) to Southern Brazil (Cortez & Coelho 2004, Silva et al. 2006 Deconica horizontalis can be recognized by the crepidotoid habit, beige color and lilaceous gray lamellae. The species was considered in the genus Melanotus Pat., which was later reduced to a subgenus of Psilocybe (Noordeloos 1999) and more recently as a synonym of Deconica (W.G. ...
... Deconica horizontalis was previously recorded from Rio Grande do Sul as Melanotus proteus (Kalchbr.) Singer, also growing on Araucaria angustifolia wood (Cortez & Coelho 2004). ...
In a survey of the Strophariaceae from a natural reserve at Southern Brazil, a total of 16 species were studied: Deconica coprophila, D. horizontalis, Hypholoma ericaeum, H. subviride, Leratiomyces ceres, Pholiota limonella, P. spumosa, Psilocybe caeruleoannulata, P. wrightii, P. zapotecorum, Stropharia acanthocystis, S. agaricoides, S. araucariae, S. earlei, S. rugosoannulata and S. venusta. Full descriptions and illustrations on Pholiota limonella and Psilocybe zapotecorum are presented due to a lack of the detailed description for the State of Rio Grande do Sul.
... Its cyanescent basidiomata on cow dung, the subhexagonal, thick-walled basidiospores, and the welldeveloped, persistent annulus indicate alignment of the present fungus with the section Cubensae Guzmán (Guzmán 1983). Because of its typically furfuraceous-squamulose pileus in age, the capitulate pilocystidia, and the infrequent, less-developed pleurocystidia, P. capitulata can be distinguished from the other previously known taxa of the section Cubensae such as pantropical P. cubensis (Earle) Singer (Earle 1906;Guzmán 1978Guzmán , 1983Pegler 1983;Stamets 1996;Thomas et al. 2002;Cortez and Coelho 2004) and P. subcubensis Guzmán from Mexico (Guzmán 1978(Guzmán , 1983. ...
Two new species of Agaricales and a new Japanese record for Chaetocalathus fragilis from Ishigaki Island, a southwestern island of Japan, are fully described and illustrated: (1) Crinipellis (section Grisentinae) rhizomorphica sp. nov. produces brownish orange, fibrillose-squamulose basidiomata accompanied by white thread-like rhizomorphs on the
dead twig, olivaceous hairs in KOH, and oblong-ellipsoid, relatively long basidiospores; (2) Chaetocalathus (section Holocystis) fragilis is a new record for Japan, growing on the dead twig; (3) Psilocybe (section Cubensae) capitulata sp. nov. forms a furfuraceous-squamulose pileus, cyanescent flesh, a persistent, membranous annulus, capitulate pilocystidia,
and has a coprophilous habit on cow dung.
... One of the commonest Psilocybe spp. from all continents, particularly from cattle (Bresadola 1931, Christiansen 1941, Hongo 1965, Guzmán et al. 1977, Pegler 1977, Watling & Gregory 1980, Stamets 1996Christiansen 1941, Dennis 1961, Guzmán et al. 1977, Bigelow 1978, Yokoyama 1979, 1987, Stamets 1996, Granito & Lunghini 2004, Gularte Cortez & Coelho 2004, Siquier & Salom 2005a) but, as supposed by Guzmán (1983), also growing on other dung types, e.g. hare (Hongo 1959, Richardson 2008a), sheep (Watling & Gregory 1987, Johnston & Buchanan 1995), elephant (Thomas & Manimohan 2002, Manimohan et al. 2007), and marmot (Jamoni 1990). ...
Doveri F 2010 – Occurrence of coprophilous Agaricales in Italy, new records, and comparisons with their European and extraeuropean distribution Mycosphere 1(2), 103–140. This work is the successor to a recent monograph on coprophilous ascomycetes and basidiomycetes from Italy. All Italian identifications of coprophilous Agaricales, which the author has personally studied over an 18 year period, are listed and categorized depending on the dung source. All collections were subjected to the same procedure and incubated in damp chambers and an estimate of occurrence of fungal species on various dung types is made. A second collection of Coprinus doverii is described and discussed, while the southern most finding of Panaeolus alcis is listed. An additional collection of Psilocybe subcoprophila, a species previously reported from Italy, is described and illustrated with colour photomicrographs. The morphological features of each species is briefly described, and substrate preferences compared with those reported from previous data.
... from the State of Paraná, in south Brazil, and later de Meijer (2001) reported five Stropharia species from the State. Pegler (1997) reported S. rugosoannulata and S. semiglobata from São Paulo State; Cortez and Coelho (2004) cited S. coronilla, S. rugosoannulata, and S. semiglobata from the region of Santa Maria, in central Rio Grande do Sul; Sobestiansky (2005) reported S. rugosoannulata in the region of Nova Petrópolis. More recently, Silva et al. (2006) reported the occurrence of S. alcis colored; surface slightly humid, cottony toward the margin, especially in younger basidiomata, due the presence of whitish floccose remains; margin non-striate, slightly involute, with abundant velar remnants appendiculate; context white to cream color, fleshy and soft (5-7 mm wide). ...
... Notes: Stropharia coronilla is a common lawn-inhabitant mushroom in the State, macroscopically recognized by the yellowish pileus color, the appendiculate veil and grooved annulus. In Brazil it is known from the states of Paraná (Stijve and de Meijer, 1993), Pernambuco (Batista and Bezerra, 1960), Rio Grande do Sul (Rick, 1907;Cortez and Coelho, 2004), and São Paulo. Esteve-Rav. ...
... There are reports from Brazil in the states of Paraná (Stijve and de Meijer, 1993;de Meijer, 2001), São Paulo (Pegler, 1997), and Rio Grande do Sul (Cortez and Coelho 2004). Anellaria sanguineopurpurea Rick (1961) was concluded to represent an additional synonym for this species after study of the type material; consequently, S. sanguineopurpurea (Rick) Raithelh. ...
A survey of the genus Stropharia in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul revealed the occurrence of the following species: S. acanthocystis, S. aeruginosa, S. alcis var. austrobrasiliensis, S. apiahyna, S. araucariae, S. coronilla, S. dorsipora, S. earlei, S. rugosoannulata, and S. semiglobata. The new taxa and combination are introduced: S. araucariae sp. nov., S. alcis var. austrobrasiliensis var. nov., and S. apiahyna comb. nov. Stropharia dorsipora is recorded for the first time in South America; S. aeruginosa is a new Brazilian record; S. earlei is a new record from Rio Grande do Sul State. All species are described in detail, fully illustrated, and its taxonomy is discussed.
