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A checklist of species belonging to the families Cortinariaceae and Entolomataceae was made for Argentina. The list includes all species published until the year 2012. Nineteen genera and 444 species were recorded, 370 species from the family Cortinariaceae and 74 from Entolomataceae. All of them are distributed in 19 genera, the most important bei...
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Citations
... Gray, 1821 (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) se encuentra ampliamente distribuido y presenta numerosas especies que, en su mayoría, forman ectomicorrizas con diferentes especies de árboles y arbustos, principalmente del orden Fagales (Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Pinaceae, Myrtaceae, Rhamnaceae y Salicaceae) y de los géneros Eucalyptus L'Hér., 1789 y Dryas L. 1753 (Niskanen et al., 2009). En la Argentina se reportaron más de 235 especies del género, principalmente en las Provincias de Rio Negro, Neuquén, y Tierra del Fuego (Romano & Lechner, 2013;Niveiro & Albertó, 2014;Nouhra et al., 2018Nouhra et al., , 2019Nouhra et al., , 2021Pastor et al., 2019). Sin embargo, para la Provincia de Buenos Aires solamente se reportaron dos especies del género, C. casimirii (Velen.) ...
Nuevas especies de Agaricales con esporada castaña se citan por primera vez para la Argentina: Cortinarius saniosus, Hebeloma sacchariolens y Homophron spadiceum. En el presente trabajo se proveen descripciones completas, ilustraciones y fotografías en color de las colecciones.
... Within the main investigations, the isolation of secondary metabolites from Armillaria Mellea, Pleurotus ostreatus, Suillus bellinii and Auricularia auriculajudae resulted in obtaining aromatic sesquiterpenoids, dimeric pyronics, meroterpenoids and sterols, as well as the extract of A. auriculajudae. These compounds were presented antidepressant activity, antioxidant and immunomodulate activity, as precursor of the biosynthesis of collagen and cytotoxic and antitumoral activity, respectively [18][19][20][21][22]. This biological evidence associates the structure of the identified components and the health promoting properties of these species. ...
Phytochemical analysis of the basidiomycete Cortinarius magellanicus (family Cortinariaceae) resulted in the isolation of eight secondary metabolites, where a brominated secondary metabolite was isolated for first time from a natural source. The structure elucidation of this compound was made using one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, FT-IR, GC-MS, HRESIMS and chemical derivation. The disk diffusion assay of the brominated compound 4 and 8 revealed a low inhibition on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. No antifungal activities were detected for these compounds.
... In C. pilifera (13 mm) and R. solani (8 mm). 23 Entoloma nubigenum, a possible endemic agaric from southern South America, 41 presented AMA against B. subtilis (17 mm), C. pilifera (7 mm), E. faecalis (9 mm), P. notatum (11 mm), and S. aureus (9 mm). 23 The largest inhibition halo was 17 mm in diameter against B. subtilis. ...
South America harbors much of the world's biodiversity, representing a potential reservoir of species with diverse possibilities for use. From this perspective, mushroom species are included because they naturally produce a wide variety of substances, especially ones with antimicrobial activity. In this article we present a review of the literature on the antimicrobial activity of mushrooms collected in South America, emphasizing the bacteria and fungi these mushrooms inhibit, the main methodologies researchers use for antimicrobial tests, and some directions for future research. This review demonstrates that the agar diffusion test was the most prevalent method in studies of South American mushrooms. Most studies dealt with specimens collected in Chile (16 species), Brazil (10 species), and Uruguay (2 species), and 27 of those species presented antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, most research developed with Basidiomycetes in South America aimed only to screen antimicrobial agents, whereas few studies explored the antimicrobial potential of purified secondary metabolites. Thus it is very important to conduct research in order to screen for and isolate antimicrobial substances, which researchers can then use to develop new antimicrobial drugs.
Psychedelic fungi have received considerable attention recently due to their promising treatment potential of several psychiatric disorders and medical conditions, both in clinical settings but also as a nutraceutical. Besides research, a growing number of companies are developing capacity to conduct research and clinical trials where these fungi and their products can be used, and to provide these fungi to the public market that are rapidly becoming legal across the world. Whereas Psilocybe species are better known as psychedelic fungi, species in Panaeolus are also reputed to contain the psychedelic compound psilocybin and used recreationally. For the novice, there is no contemporary scientific summary of all the species in this genus that are known to be psychedelic, compared to those that are not. The global distribution and species diversity of these brown to white, often inconspicuous mushrooms are also not summarised, nor is it known to what extent DNA sequence data that are needed for identification have been generated for all of the species in this genus. However, psychedelic Panaeolus species are used and moved across the world. This lack of data makes it difficult to regulate bioexploitation and apply law enforcement of these fungi and the compounds they contain, especially seen in the light of the rapid development of the related markets. The aim of this review is to summarise current scientific data and knowledge on the species biodiversity, geographical distribution, extent of sequence data for identification purposes, and the psychedelic potential of species, based on published results. The review revealed where species are mostly known from, while also indicating areas seriously lacking such biodiversity data. A significant degree of study across the world is still needed to confirm which of these species are truly psychedelic and exactly what compounds they can produce.
The genus Claudopus (Entolomataceae) is characterised by its crepidotoid or pleurotoid basidiomata, a highly reduced and lateral or almost absent stipe, flesh-brown, salmon or pinkish-brown spore-print, and basidiospores that are distinctly angular in all views. Currently, ca. 20 species of Claudopus have been described worldwide. Some samples collected in the Argentinean Atlantic Forest have shown a set of characters that does not match with any of the species of Claudopus described until date. The aim of this work is to describe and illustrate a species of Claudopus new to science. Claudopus niger is distinguished from other species of Claudopus by its dark, almost black pileus surface, pinkish brown to brownish gray, ventricose lamellae; heterodiametric basidiospores, 5–7 angled (in profile view) and 8.5–11.5 × 5.5–7.5 µm in size, and a hymenium lacking cystidia. Claudopus byssisedus, the most phenetically related species and with a wide distribution in temperate and cold regions, has a paler colour and slightly larger basidiospores.
Agrocybe is characterized by the collybioid to tricholomatoid basidiomata with rusty to dark spore-print, a hymeniform pileipellis, and basidiosspores with a reduced to broad germ-pore. Recently, the species with reduced germ-pore were segregated to Cyclocybe. The knowledge of these genera in Argentina is scanty, although they have been partially studied in the country, but there is not a field that deals exhaustively with it. Macro- and micromorphological characters of specimens obtained in the feld and from different national herbaria (BAFC, CTES, LIL, LPS) were analyzed. Cultivation techniques were used to obtain basidiomata, allowing for a macro- and micromorphological study of fresh developing basidiomes. We concluded that in Argentina there are, so far, 14 species of Agrocybe (one of them with 3 varieties) and two of Cyclocybe including to C. wrightii, which is proposed as a new combination. Sixteen species are described and a key to the Argentinian species of Agrocybe and Cyclocybe is proposed.
We provide a literature-based checklist of Agaricales reported from Bolivia. In this first contribution, 101 species belonging to 28 genera and 9 families are listed. Pluteaceae, Agaricaceae and Hymenogastraceae are the most species-abundant families.
One of the most important microorganisms in the soil are the mycorrhizal fungi;
however, little research exists regarding mycorrhizal symbiosis on the South
American Mediterranean-type ecosystem (MTE) – also commonly known as
Chilean matorral. The aims of this chapter are to highlight and compile the
existing and arising knowledge on mycorrhizal symbiosis of the Chilean MTE,
as well as detect knowledge gaps and propose future directions of research. So
far, the mycorrhizal type of some plant species of the Chilean matorral is known.
Regarding arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, there are few investigations on
mycorrhizal ecology and applied research with agricultural purposes and more
is in development. Some ectomycorrhizal and orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis
research is available on ecological concerns about biodiversity patterns with
applied potential for conservation. The lack of studies on ericoid mycorrhiza
was detected. Finally, in spite of the ecological diversity studies carried on the
mycorrhiza from the Chilean MTE, further studies quantifying the mycorrhizal
contribution should be performed so as to be applied on conservation and
sustainable systems.
