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Pseudocercospora bambusae (based on Saika & Sarbhoy 1986: 433, fig. 1). a. Conidiophore fascicle. B. Conidiophore tip. c. Conidia. Bar = 10 µm.
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![Fig. 1. Cercospora agrostidis (CUP-A 2036#1[AL], lectotype). a....](profile/Uwe-Braun-2/publication/274709554/figure/fig1/AS:614286242103298@1523468661355/Cercospora-agrostidis-CUP-A-20361AL-lectotype-a-Conidiophore-fascicle-B_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Cercospora apii [C. sorghi var. maydis] (BPI 441565,...](profile/Uwe-Braun-2/publication/274709554/figure/fig2/AS:614286242095137@1523468661459/Cercospora-apii-C-sorghi-var-maydis-BPI-441565-lectotype-a-Conidiophore_Q320.jpg)
The third part of a series of monographic treatments of cercosporoid fungi (formerly Cercospora
s. lat., Mycosphaerellaceae, Ascomycota) continues with a treatment of taxa on monocots (Liliopsida; Equisetopsida, Magnoliidae, Lilianae), covering asexual and holomorph species with mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs on true grasses (Poaceae), which wer...
Citations
... Each sample was evaluated independently for symptoms and signs. The identification of the causal agent was carried out by mounting microscopics slides using lactophenol solution based on morphological characters in vivo and analyzing conidiophores and conidia according to Chupp [3], Ellis [4] and Braun et al. [5]. The incidence of disease was assessed according to Campbell and Madden [6] [% Incidence (Total diseased plants/ total number plants*100)] and was carried out on each plant under a stereomicroscope, checking leaf, stem, glume, and spike. ...
... The elliptical leaf spots had sharp or rounded edges ( Figure 1G), with center pale and margin brown ( Figure 1H), amphigenous fruiting bodies, fascicle dense at the center ( Figure 1I-J), stromata dark Brown; conidiophores brown in color, slighthy paler and narrow toward the tip, 1-3 septate, attenuated at the tip, slightly undulated, scare rounded tip ( Figure 1I-J); conidia hyaline 35-120 x 3-3.5µ, acicular to obclavate, straight to mildly curved, mostly 1-4 septate (longest ones may have 8 septa) not catenulate, ápex subacute, base truncated or usually long obconic, tip subacute to acute 3-3.5 x 15-60µ ( Figure 1K). Conidiophore and conidia associated with the Cercospora leaf spot are coincident to Cercospora sorghi Ellis & Everhart described by Chupp [4], Ellis [5] and Braun et al. [3]. According to these authors C. sorghi is widely distribuited in tropical and subtropical countries affecting leaves of grasses. ...
Cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz department in Bolivia is recent. Leaf spots diseases are an important yield-reducing factor. Since 1996, Pyricularia blast wheat is the most destructive disease in tropical regions producing wheat. In 2023, sampling was carried out in different locations in the East (Cuatro cañadas) and North (Okinawa1, Okinawa2) production wheat of Santa Cruz. Leaf, sheath and glumes simples were analyzed under microscopy and were estimated incidence. Two Cercospora species, C oryzae and C. sorghi, were recorded associated with the leaf spots of 'Motacu' variety and these leaf spots seem to be prevalent and widely distributed in the production wheat áreas in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
... Each sample was evaluated independently for symptoms and signs. The identification of the causal agent was carried out by mounting microscopics slides using lactophenol solution based on morphological characters in vivo and analyzing conidiophores and conidia according to Chupp [3], Ellis [4] and Braun et al. [5]. The incidence of disease was assessed according to Campbell and Madden [6] [% Incidence (Total diseased plants/ total number plants*100)] and was carried out on each plant under a stereomicroscope, checking leaf, stem, glume, and spike. ...
... The elliptical leaf spots had sharp or rounded edges ( Figure 1G), with center pale and margin brown ( Figure 1H), amphigenous fruiting bodies, fascicle dense at the center ( Figure 1I-J), stromata dark Brown; conidiophores brown in color, slighthy paler and narrow toward the tip, 1-3 septate, attenuated at the tip, slightly undulated, scare rounded tip ( Figure 1I-J); conidia hyaline 35-120 x 3-3.5µ, acicular to obclavate, straight to mildly curved, mostly 1-4 septate (longest ones may have 8 septa) not catenulate, ápex subacute, base truncated or usually long obconic, tip subacute to acute 3-3.5 x 15-60µ ( Figure 1K). Conidiophore and conidia associated with the Cercospora leaf spot are coincident to Cercospora sorghi Ellis & Everhart described by Chupp [4], Ellis [5] and Braun et al. [3]. According to these authors C. sorghi is widely distribuited in tropical and subtropical countries affecting leaves of grasses. ...
The cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz department in Bolivia is recent. Leaf spots diseases are an important yield-reducing factor. Since 1996, Pyricularia blast wheat is the most destructive disease in tropical regions producing wheat. In 2023, sampling was carried out in different locations in the East (Cuatro cañadas) and North (Okinawa1, Okinawa2) production wheat of Santa Cruz. Leaf, sheath and glumes simples were analyzed under microscopy and were estimated incidence. Two Cercospora species, C. oryzae and C. sorghi, were recorded associated with the leaf spots of 'Motacu' variety and these leaf spots seem to be prevalent and widely distributed in the production wheat áreas in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
... Several Cercospora species have been reported to cause leaf spot on Paspalum spp. (Chupp 1954;Braun et al. 2015), but none have been demonstrated to be endophytic in Paspalum plants. However, species of Cercospora have been reported as endophytes of a range of non-grass hosts, including Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pinus ponderosa, Coffea arabica, Gossypium hirsutum, among others (Rashmi et al. 2019). ...
The aim of this work was to study the fungal diversity in Paspalum notatum, in order to determine the potential biological control of disease-causing pathogens and their effects on growth promotion. Two isolates of Cercospora dianellicola were identified from asymptomatic P. notatum leaves, as an endophytic species. The possible benefits for the host plant remain to be analyzed. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.
... In Santa Elena, this group was mostly represented by Mycosphaerellaceae, where many species are described as plant pathogens, although their members can also cover other niches and lifestyles [95]. Interestingly, the serpentine soils from the mountain CEI location were covered with Poaceae plants (grasses), a family also associated with certain species of Mycosphaerellaceae [96]. However, these grasses were also present in the other mountain locations, but these fungi were absent regardless of their vegetation or altitude. ...
The Santa Elena Ophiolite is a well-studied ultramafic system in Costa Rica mainly comprised of peridotites. Here, tropical climatic conditions promote active laterite formation processes, but the biogeochemistry of the resulting serpentine soils is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil geochemical composition and microbial community of contrasting landscapes in the area, as the foundation to start exploring the biogeochemistry of metals occurring there. The soils were confirmed as Ni-rich serpentine soils but differed depending on their geographical location within the ophiolite area, showing three serpentine soil types. Weathering processes resulted in mountain soils rich in trace metals such as cobalt, manganese and nickel. The lowlands showed geochemical variations despite sharing similar landscapes: the inner ophiolite lowland soils were more like the surrounding mountain soils rather than the north lowland soils at the border of the ophiolite area, and within the same riparian basin, concentrations of trace metals were higher downstream towards the mangrove area. Microbial community composition reflected the differences in geochemical composition of soils and revealed potential geomicrobiological inputs to local metal biogeochemistry: iron redox cycling bacteria were more abundant in the mountain soils, while more manganese-oxidizing bacteria were found in the lowlands, with the highest relative abundance in the mangrove areas. The fundamental ecological associations recorded in the serpentine soils of the Santa Elena Peninsula, and its potential as a serpentinization endemism hotspot, demonstrate that is a model site to study the biogeochemistry, geomicrobiology and ecology of tropical serpentine areas.
Graphical Abstract
... since they were morphologically not or barely distinguishable from Cer. apii s. str. on celery. In recent years, Braun et al. (2013Braun et al. ( , 2014Braun et al. ( , 2015aBraun et al. ( , b, 2016 published a series of papers to produce a modern monograph of Cercospora and allied genera in a stepwise approach at plant family level based on morphological features and host data. However, as there are only few distinctive morphological characters useful for species discrimination and since specialised as well as plurivorous species are involved, molecular data are essential for accurate identification of species within this genus. ...
... Notes: The taxonomic criteria for distinguishing genera and species of cercosporoid fungi, including Pseudocercospora, are sequentially published in a series by Braun et al. (2013Braun et al. ( , 2014Braun et al. ( , 2015aBraun et al. ( , b, 2016. The distinguishable morphological characteristics from other cercosporoid fungi are: pale to dark olivaceous caespituli, pigmented conidia with unthickened and not refractive scars on the conidiogenous cells and hila at the basal ends of conidium in vivo , Crous et al. 2013a, Videira et al. 2017. ...
... References : Deighton 1976 (re-evaluation of the genus Pseudocercospora); Crous 1998 (sexual morph); Crous & Braun 2003 (morphology, host range and list of species); Crous et al. 2013a (phylogeny); Braun et al. 2013Braun et al. , 2014Braun et al. , 2015aBraun et al. , b, 2016 Notes: The epitype chosen from the specimens on the same host genus in Asia closely corresponds with the morphology of the holotype. The tabular key to Pseudocercospora species on ferns based on the morphology is provided in Braun et al. (2013). ...
This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta , Cadophora , Celoporthe , Cercospora , Coleophoma , Cytospora , Dendrostoma , Didymella , Endothia , Heterophaeomoniella , Leptosphaerulina , Melampsora , Nigrospora , Pezicula , Phaeomoniella , Pseudocercospora , Pteridopassalora , Zymoseptoria , and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora . This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names.
... They are coloured and characterised by having macronematous conidiophores, formed singly or in fascicles, with holoblastic (mono-to polyblastic) conidiogenesis and conidia solitary or in chains. Based on conclusions of molecular sequence data, the circumscription of cercosporoid fungi was summarized by Kamal (2010) and Braun et al. (2013Braun et al. ( , 2014Braun et al. ( , 2015aBraun et al. ( , b, 2016. Recently, several novel taxa of foliicolous cercosporoid fungi have been described from India (Kumar & Singh 2015a, b, 2016, Awasthi et al. 2016, Singh et al. 2011 suggesting that the diversity of such fungi is still insufficiently known in this region. ...
Pseudocercospora haldinae, a new anamorphic foliicolous hyphomycetous fungus discovered on living leaves of Haldina
cordifolia (Rubiaceae) is taxonomically described and illustrated. This species is compared with closely related species
of Pseudocercospora and other dematiaceous cercosporoid forms reported on the same host genus. The phylogeny of this
species has been inferred from partial nuclear ribosomal 28S large subunit (LSU) and complete internal transcribed spacer
(ITS) rDNA sequence data. On the basis of LSU, P. haldinae represents characteristic features of Pseudocercospora s. str.
and did not form red crystals when cultivated on agar media.
... Cercospora penniseti conidiophore fascicle (A), conidiophores (B) and conidia (C). Bar = 10 µm(Braun et al. 2015); Symptoms of Cercospora spot (Right). ...
Demand for pearl millet is expected to exceed the projected increase because of the lower productivity of the crop in India. Green ear disease/ downy mildew, ergot, rust, leaf blast and smut are the major pearl millet diseases in India which are major factors responsible for lower production of pearl millet. Among these diseases, ergot and green ear are more damaging because of direct effect on grain yields and forage quality. However, the diseases like leaf blast, rust and smut also need immediate attention so that they can be managed properly and economic yield of the crop can be harnessed. In the present chapter, etiology, epidemiology and management practices of important diseases of pearl millet such as smut, rust, leaf spot, bacterial and viral disease have been discussed with a purpose to disseminate the knowledge for proper understanding of all aspects of diseases and proper management of the diseases.
... Notes -Graminopassalora, based on G. graminis, is a monotypic genus occurring on members of Poaceae, with conidia 15 -60 × 5 -14 μm, (0 -)1(-3)-septate (Braun et al. 2015, Videira et al. 2017. Graminopassalora graminis is widespread on a wide range of grasses, and Deighton (1967) considered G. graminis an aggregate species, possibly composed of several taxa. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi, Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.) and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida, Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus, Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.) on soil. Austria, Cortinarius glaucoelotus on soil. Bulgaria, Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada, Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula, Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile, Circinella lampensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum. China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta. Croatia, Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis. Czech Republic, Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic, Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France, Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans, Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana, Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain, Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India, Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora. Iran, Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis. Italy, Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia, Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis. Pakistan, Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia, Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota. South Africa, Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum, Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica, Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia, Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima, Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii, Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum, Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum, Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum, Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius, Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii. Sweden, Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus from deciduous woodlands. Spain, Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis, Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber. Thailand, Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA, Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus, Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides, Pseudogymnoascus palmeri from cave sediment. Vietnam, Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Lately, a monographic series of articles about cercosporoid fungi successively revising the representatives of various groups of plants (e.g., Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, monocots, dicots) has been published [4,[34][35][36]. The articles present both traditional descriptions in vivo and characteristics of colonies in vitro of revised species. ...
Phytopathogenic cercosporoid fungi have been investigated comprehensively due to their important role in causing plant diseases. A significant amount of research has been focused on the biology, morphology, systematics, and taxonomy of this group, with less of a focus on molecular or biochemical issues. Early and extensive research on these fungi focused on taxonomy and their classification based on in vivo features. Lately, investigations have mainly addressed a combination of characteristics such as morphological traits, host specificity, and molecular analyses initiated at the end of the 20th century. Some species that are important from an economic point of view have been more intensively investigated by means of genetic and biochemical methods to better understand the pathogenesis processes. Cercosporin, a photoactivated toxin playing an important role in Cercospora diseases, has been extensively studied. Understanding cercosporin toxicity in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production facilitated the discovery and regulation of the cercosporin biosynthesis pathway, including the gene cluster encoding pathway enzymes. Furthermore, these fungi may be a source of other biotechnologically important compounds, e.g., industrially relevant enzymes. This paper reviews methods and important results of investigations of this group of fungi addressed at different levels over the years.
... However, based on morphological features of the structure of conidiogenous loci and hila, absence or presence of pigmentation in conidiophores and conidia, Crous and Braun (2003) revised the generic circumscription of Cercospora, resulting in the reduction of the number of species to 659. A series of publications related to Cercospora and its allied genera in Mycosphaerellaceae, along with illustrations and descriptions of sexual morphs was published by Braun et al. (2013Braun et al. ( , 2014Braun et al. ( , 2015aBraun et al. ( , b, 2016. ...
... tef1, act, cal, his, tub2, rpb2, gapdh Accepted number of species-There are over 3100 epithets listed in Index Fungorum (2020), however, only 93 have DNA sequence data (Table 4). References- Braun et al. (2013Braun et al. ( , 2014Braun et al. ( , 2015aBraun et al. ( , b, 2016) (morphology), Groenewald et al. (2013) Clinoconidium is an important genus that causes smut disease on plants in the family Lauraceae. This genus was established by Patouillard (1898) and typified with Clinoconidium farinosum. ...
This is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and fungus-like organisms. This paper focuses on one family: Erysiphaceae and 24 phytopathogenic genera: Armillaria, Barriopsis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Clinoconidium, Colletotrichum, Cylindrocladiella, Dothidotthia,, Fomitopsis, Ganoderma, Golovinomyces, Heterobasidium, Meliola, Mucor, Neoerysiphe, Nothophoma, Phellinus, Phytophthora, Pseudoseptoria, Pythium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Thyrostroma and Wojnowiciella. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. Species confirmed with pathogenicity studies are denoted when data are available. Six of the genera are updated from previous entries as many new species have been described.
