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Pseudocercospora arthrospora from Sagittaria montevidensis. a. Primary and secondary (framed) conidia (note the transformation of some conidial cells into conidiogenous cells which bearing the secondary conidia). b. Fascicle of conidiophores. c. In vivo conidial fragmentation resulting in intact fragments (arrows). d. Conidia formed in vitro, showing the disarticulating chains (arthrospores) that remain viable and capable of germination (framed). e. Conidia formed in vitro showing less conspicuous septate and thinner walls. Bars: a, b, e 5 20 mm; c, d 5 10 mm.
Source publication
Nine species of fungi on the aquatic weed Sagittaria montevidensis (arrowhead) in southern and southeastern Brazil were collected, identified, described and illustrated in a survey for possible biological control agents against this weed. Seven of them are anamorphic fungi, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora apii, Cercospora sagitta...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... anamorph (Mycosphaerella- ceae, Capnodiales) ( Kaiser and Crous 1998). Clarifi- cation of the status of Thedgonia still is required. Therefore for the moment we decided that it is best to place this new species in genus Pseudocercospora. The unusual feature of conidial fragmentation occasionally was observed in vivo and frequently in vitro (FIG. 6c± e). In vitro almost all conidia became fragmented, each of the fragmented cells remained intact and was able to germinate (FIGS. ...
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Citations
... obs.). This strain turned out to be closely related to plant pathogenic Arthrophiala arthrospora, which causes leaf spots on Sagittaria montevidensis in Brazil (Crous et al., 2016;Soares et al., 2009). The ITS sequence similarity of both fungi is lower than 90 %, suggesting that they are rather representing separate species. ...
Different groups of fungi have been reported to interact with ants. Recent studies have shown that fungi of the order Chaetothyriales are important components of ant–fungus networks, including members of the family Trichomeriaceae, which is particularly rich in fungi isolated from carton ants nests. One of the still understudied ant-related environments are ants' infrabuccal pockets and pellets, which often contain fungal matter. The aim of this work was to determine the systematic and phylogenetic position of two slow growing strains of Trichomeriaceae isolated from infrabuccal pellets of Formica polyctena ants. Molecular analyses based on maximum likelihood and bayesian inference, using sequences of two ribosomal DNA markers: ITS and LSU have shown that the isolated strains form a monophyletic clade within the family Trichomeriaceae, sister to a clade formed by representatives of the genus Trichomerium. Morphological analyses additionally justified distinctiveness of the isolated strains, which have different morphology of conidia and conidiophores than Trichomerium representatives. Therefore, our results show that the isolated strains represent a new species within a not yet described fungal genus. Due to the strains’ isolation source and their close relatedness to a fungal strain isolated from a carton nest of Lasius fuliginosus, we propose a name Formicomyces microglobosus Siedlecki & Piątek for this fungus. While our discovery strengthens a hypothesis of the multiple, independent evolution of ant-associated fungi in the family Trichomeriaceae, the ecology of F. microglobosus still remains to be characterized.
... and Schltdl. (Fig. 1), selected for this study, is native to South America, has rhizomes, and it can reach up to 1.5 m in height [19]. Feijoó and Lombardo [20] and Lopez Van Oosterom et al. [21] recorded this species in different streams of the Pampas region and in particular Basílico et al. [22] did so for the MRB. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and uptake of Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb in Sagittaria montevidensis growing in highly contaminated riparian soils of Matanza Riachuelo Basin (MRB). It is a native and very abundant riparian plant exposed to heavy metal contamination. Samples of S. montevidensis, rhizosphere riparian soil and water were collected at three sites in the lower MR basin. The accumulation and the level of translocation of Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb in this species were determined. The soils were found to be the main reservoirs of metals (2225 mg Cr kg⁻¹ d.w., 367 mg Cu kg⁻¹ d.w., 61 mg Ni kg⁻¹ d.w., 239 mg Pb kg⁻¹ d.w., and 1495 mg Zn kg⁻¹ d.w.). All studied metals were uptaken, but Zn and Cu were the most accumulated metals (426 ± 28 mg kg⁻¹ d.w. and 129 ± 28 mg kg⁻¹ d.w., respectively). S. montevidensis was an accumulator species for Cu and Ni (Translocation Factor (TF) > 1) and it showed an exclusionary behavior (TF < 1) for Cr, Pb, and Zn. Cu was mostly accumulated in the aerial biomass. The rest of the metals analyzed were mainly accumulated in the roots. The analyzed plant specimens did not show signs of stress, having completed their phenological states. This native species shows high tolerance of metals. Then the preservation and revegetation of this species in the riparian areas constitute a sustainable alternative for ecological restoration.
... Cultural characteristics -On PDA slow-growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 10 d, grey, powdery, sporulating abundantly, velvety to chamois-like, reverse black at centre, dark grey to pale grey towards the edges; on OA aerial mycelium sparse, flat, with irregular edges, pale grey, grey reverse; sporulating abundantly. Notes -Arthrophiala arthrospora was previously described as Pseudocercospora arthrospora (Soares et al. 2009). At the time of its description there were doubts on its adequate placement and the possibility of describing it as a new species of Thedgonia was contemplated. ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia:
Apiognomonia lasiopetali on Lasiopetalum sp., Blastacervulus eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus adesmophloia, Bullanockia australis (incl. Bullanockia gen. nov.) on Kingia australis, Caliciopsis eucalypti on Eucalyptus marginata, Celerioriella petrophiles on Petrophile teretifolia, Coleophoma xanthosiae on Xanthosia rotundifolia, Coniothyrium hakeae on Hakea sp., Diatrypella banksiae on Banksia formosa, Disculoides corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla, Elsinoë eelemani on Melaleuca alternifolia, Elsinoë eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus kingsmillii, Elsinoë preissianae on Eucalyptus preissiana, Eucasphaeria rustici on Eucalyptus creta, Hyweljonesia queenslandica (incl. Hyweljonesia gen. nov.) on the cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera, Mycodiella eucalypti (incl. Mycodiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus diversicolor, Myrtapenidiella sporadicae on Eucalyptus sporadica, Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae (incl. Neocrinula gen. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp., Ophiocordyceps nooreniae on dead ant, Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum on Agave sp., Phlogicylindrium mokarei on Eucalyptus sp., Phyllosticta acaciigena on Acacia suaveolens, Pleurophoma acaciae on Acacia glaucoptera, Pyrenochaeta hakeae on Hakea sp., Readeriella lehmannii on Eucalyptus lehmannii, Saccharata banksiae on Banksia grandis, Saccharata daviesiae on Daviesia pachyphylla, Saccharata eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus bigalerita, Saccharata hakeae on Hakea baxteri, Saccharata hakeicola on Hakea victoria, Saccharata lambertiae on Lambertia ericifolia, Saccharata petrophiles on Petrophile sp., Saccharata petrophilicola on Petrophile fastigiata, Sphaerellopsis hakeae on Hakea sp., and Teichospora kingiae on Kingia australis. Brazil: Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae (incl. Adautomilanezia gen. nov.) on Caesalpina echinata, Arthrophiala arthrospora (incl. Arthrophiala gen. nov.) on Sagittaria montevidensis, Diaporthe caatingaensis (endophyte
from Tacinga inamoena), Geastrum ishikawae on sandy soil, Geastrum pusillipilosum on soil, Gymnopus
pygmaeus on dead leaves and sticks, Inonotus hymenonitens on decayed angiosperm trunk, Pyricularia urashimae on Urochloa brizantha, and Synnemellisia aurantia on Passiflora edulis. Chile: Tubulicrinis australis on Lophosoria quadripinnata. France: Cercophora squamulosa from submerged wood, and Scedosporium cereisporum from fluids of a wastewater treatment plant. Hawaii: Beltraniella acaciae, Dactylaria acaciae, Rhexodenticula acaciae, Rubikia evansii and Torula acaciae (all on Acacia koa). India: Lepidoderma echinosporum on dead semi-woody stems, and Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea from soil. Iran: Talaromyces kabodanensis from hypersaline soil. La Réunion: Neocordana musarum from leaves of Musa sp. Malaysia: Anungitea eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus grandis × pellita, Camptomeriphila leucaenae (incl. Camptomeriphila gen. nov.) on Leucaena leucocephala, Castanediella communis on Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (incl. Eucalyptostroma gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, Melanconiella syzygii on Syzygium sp., Mycophilomyces periconiae (incl. Mycophilomyces gen. nov.) as hyperparasite on Periconia on leaves of Albizia falcataria, Synnemadiella eucalypti (incl. Synnemadiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, and Teichospora nephelii on Nephelium lappaceum. Mexico: Aspergillus bicephalus from soil. New Zealand: Aplosporella sophorae on Sophora microphylla, Libertasomyces platani on Platanus sp., Neothyronectria sophorae
(incl. Neothyronectria gen. nov.) on Sophora microphylla, Parastagonospora phoenicicola on Phoenix canariensis, Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis on Pseudopanax crassifolius, Phlyctema phoenicis on Phoenix canariensis, and Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae on Cordyline australis. Panama: Chalara panamensis from needle litter ofPinus cf. caribaea. South Africa: Exophiala eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Fantasmomyces hyalinus (incl. Fantasmomyces gen. nov.) on Acacia exuvialis, Paracladophialophora carceris (incl. Paracladophialophora gen. nov.) on Aloe sp., and Umthunziomyces hagahagensis (incl. Umthunziomyces gen. nov.) on Mimusops caffra. Spain: Clavaria griseobrunnea on bare ground in Pteridium aquilinum field, Cyathus ibericus on small fallen branches of Pinus halepensis, Gyroporus pseudolacteus in humus of Pinus pinaster, and Pseudoascochyta pratensis (incl. Pseudoascochyta gen. nov.) from soil. Thailand: Neoascochyta adenii on Adenium obesum, and Ochroconis capsici on Capsicum annuum. UK: Fusicolla melogrammae from dead stromata of Melogramma campylosporum on bark of Carpinus betulus. Uruguay: Myrmecridium pulvericola from house dust. USA: Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi (incl. Neoscolecobasidium gen. nov.) on Agapanthus sp., Polyscytalum purgamentum on leaf litter, Pseudopithomyces diversisporus from human toenail, Saksenaea trapezispora from knee wound of a soldier, and Sirococcus quercus from Quercus sp. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
... Para manejar essa resistência e encontrar práticas com menor impacto ambiental, buscam-se métodos de controle alternativo ao químico, como o controle biológico, que pode ser definido como a ação de organismos vivos para controlar ou reduzir a população de espécies de plantas indesejáveis. Nos últimos anos, esse método tem ganhado destaque como uma opção para controlar plantas daninhas da família Alismatacea, que inclui S. montevidensis (Soares & Barreto, 2009;Lima et al., 2010). ...
Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, na micobiota de Sagittaria montevidensis, espécies de fungos fitopatogênicos com potencial bioherbicida, bem como avaliar sua seletividade para a cultura do arroz irrigado. Foram avaliadas as espécies de fungos Fusarium oxysporum e F. semitectum da micobiota de S. montevidensis e seis níveis de concentração de esporos (0, 1x103, 1x104, 1x105, 1x106 e 1x107 esporos mL-1), aplicados sobre plantas de S. montevidensis em estádio de uma folha sagitada e sobre plantas de arroz no estádio de desenvolvimento R4. Avaliou-se a progênie da cultura. Os isolados de F. oxysporum e F. semitectum apresentaram maior incidência sobre as plantas de S. montevidensis; porém, não foram eficazes no controle da espécie quando aplicados no estádio de plântula com uma folha sagitada. A aplicação de F. oxysporum e F. semitectum na fase de floração das plantas de arroz irrigado causa perdas no rendimento, redução no vigor das sementes produzidas e redução no comprimento radicular e da parte área.
... Colletotrichum diseases can negatively impact many of the most important monocots targeted as candidate bioenergy crops, including switchgrass, miscanthus, maize, sorghum, indiangrass, and sugarcane (Crouch 2013;Crouch and Beirn 2009;Crouch et al. 2009a, b;Cortese and Bonos 2012;Dahlberg et al. 2011;Hartman et al. 2011;King et al. 2011;Waxman and Bergstrom 2011a, b;Zeiders 1987). Plants in a wide variety of uncultivated terrestrial and aquatic biomes may also be impacted by Colletotrichum infections, including forests, grasslands, prairie, shrub land, savannahs, and deserts (Abang et al. 2006;Ammar and El-Naggar 2011;Crouch 2013;Crouch et al. 2009b;Damm et al. 2012a;Dingley and Gilmour 1972;Lubbe et al. 2004;Soares et al. 2009). ...
Members of the genus Colletotrichum cause anthracnose diseases on nearly every crop grown for food, fiber, and forage worldwide. Colletotrichum fungi display a broad range of lifestyles, including plant associations occupying a continuum from necrotrophy to intracellular hemibiotrophy (IH) to endophytism. There are at least three major variants of IH, differing in the duration of biotrophy and synchronization of the switch to necrotrophy. Comparative genomic analyses may uncover how these lifestyles evolved and their functional relationships, identify commonalities as potential conserved targets for control and management, and transform our current understanding of Colletotrichum taxonomy. The genome sequences of four species were recently published: C. graminicola; C. higginsianum; C. obiculare; and C. fructicola (reported as C. gloeosporioides). These species occupy distinct monophyletic lineages in the genus and represent three different lifestyles (two variants of IH, and necrotrophy). The Colletotrichum genomes are relatively large (58-88 Mb), and encode between 11,000 and 16,000 genes. They share little synteny, suggesting that large-scale genome rearrangements were common during the evolutionary history of the genus. Several gene families are expanded in Colletotrichum relative to other sequenced ascomycetes, including those encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes, secondary metabolism enzymes, secreted proteases, and putative secreted effectors. Analysis of the in planta transcriptomes of C. higginsianum, C. graminicola, and C. orbiculare suggested that appressoria and biotrophic intracellular hyphae function as platforms for the secretion of effectors and secondary metabolites to establish host compatibility, while hyphae developing after the switch to necrotrophy are primarily involved in secreting cell wall degrading enzymes and nutrient uptake.
... & Schltdl. (Soares et al., 2009). It is reported here for the first time for Panama. ...
Two species of smut fungi (Basidiomycota) are reported here for the first time for Panama. Narasimhania alismatis (Doassansiales) was found on Sagittaria guayanensis and Tolyposporium kuwanoanum (Ustilaginales) on Cyperus tenuis, a new species of host plant. The name of the latter fungus is a new combination based on the currently accepted name Ustanciosporium kuwanoanum. This species belongs to the genus Tolyposporium because of sori with peridia, teliospores in balls, teliospores without hyaline appendages, and LSU rDNA sequence data. Ustanciosporium cyperi is morphologically rather similar to T. kuwanoanum, so it is also placed into the genus Tolyposporium. The concept of the genus Tolyposporium is discussed.
... Penz. & Sacc., Plectosporium alismatis and Pseudocercospora arthrospora D.J.Soares, R.W.Barreto & U.Braun) having potential for use as biological control agents (Soares and Barreto 2009). ...
... Culture and molecular analyses suggested a similar pattern of evolution in both aquatic and marine cyphelloid basidiomycetes (Yamaguchi et al., 2009 (Raja et al., 2009b;Soares et al., 2009). ...
A review of literature on substratrumassociated microbiotia from 2013 covers topics on benthic algae, bacteria and viruses from a range of aquatic environments, but focuses on freshwater ecosystems. Advances in laboratory, field, and assessment methods are highlighted as are updates in taxonomy and systematics. Aspects of water quality, waste-water treatment, biofuels, nutrient cycling, food-web interactions, land use changes, and environmental challenges such as climate change, pollutants, and impacts of medical substances are presented. our understanding of the ecology, taxonomy and assessment of substratum-associated microbiota. In response to increased pressures from anthropogenic stressors and climate change on aquatic environments, researchers are re-evaluating current knowledge and approaches to research, biomonitoring and assessment. In this review of the 2013 literature, advances in laboratory, field, and assessment methods are highlighted as are updates in taxonomy and systematics. A literature review of similar topics was completed in 2013 (Furey and Liess, 2013).
... In recent years biological control has gained increasing attention as an option for controlling alismataceous weeds, including S. montevidensis. Soares et al. (2009) surveyed fungal pathogens of S. montevidensis in Brazil, in an effort to identify potential biocontrol agents. Based on field observations, pathogenicity tests, and other available information, Plectosporium alismatis (Oudem.) ...
... Plectosporium alismatis is an anamorphic hyphomycete with hyaline, straight to slightly navicular, two-celled phialoconidia, which has been recorded on several alismataceous hosts (Pitt & Gams, 2005;Soares et al., 2009). This pathogen was investigated extensively in Australia for controlling Damansonium minus, Alisma lanceolatum and other alismataceous weeds in irrigated rice (Cother & Gilbert, 1994a, 1994bCother & Van de Ven, 1999;Lanoiselet et al., 2001;Jahromi et al., 2002, Tropical Plant Pathology 35 (4) July -August 2010 Cliquet et al., 2004;Pitt et al., 2004a;Ghajar et al., 2006;Cliquet & Zeeshan, 2008). ...
... Until recently, P. alismatis was regarded as not being capable of infecting S. montevidensis (Ash et al., 2008;Pitt et al., 2004b); however, Soares et al. (2009) reported P. alismatis infections on S. montevidensis as being rather common in Brazil. Earlier abstracts published in conference abstracts published in conference proceedings by R. A. Pitelli and co-workers referred to a fungus attacking S. montevidensis as Cylindrocarpon sp. and recognized it as having potential for development as a mycoherbicide. ...
Sagitaria montevidensis (arrowhead) is one of the worst weeds of irrigated rice. Control of this weed by means of chemical herbicides has become increasingly difficult on account of herbicide resistance in populations of S. montevidensis. Mycoherbicides are recognized as potential alternative tools against S. montevidensis. In Australia, the fungus Plectosporium alismatis was reported as a possible mycoherbicide for Damansonium minus and other alismataceous weeds, but Australian isolates of the pathogen did not infect S. montevidensis. In contrast, Brazilian isolates of P. alismatis obtained from S. montevidensis have shown promise in controlling the weed. The present study investigated effects of different inoculum densities of a selected strain of P. alismatis on S. montevidensis. Respective densities of 2 x 106 and 2 x 107 conidia.mL-1 caused an average of 86 and 93 % leaf blight followed by growth cessation and death of the plants. It was concluded that a density of 2 x 106 conidia.mL-1 was sufficient to control S. montevidensis and that this density should be adopted as standard in future experiments.
The evaluation of plants occurring naturally at contaminated environments are essential for applying this species in remediation techniques. In this context, the Sagittaria montevidensis with potential for phytoremediation was studied at an anthropogenic polluted stream in southern Brazil. The nutrients and heavy metal content were determined in the phytomass. The phytoremediation indexes were evaluated such as bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), plant effective number (PEN), and potential phytoremoval (mg m⁻²). The S. montevidensis was then detected as presenting natural phytoextraction ability for potassium and calcium elements and also demonstrated rhizofiltration potential for phosphorus, manganese, aluminum, vanadium, sulfur, iron, arsenic, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, considering its ability of bioaccumulating these contaminants and retain high levels in the roots. The highest potential for bioremoval (mg m⁻²) of the S. montevidensis was detected for potassium and calcium (recommending thus the use for phytoextraction) and for aluminum, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sulfur, and sodium, along with heavy metals (recommended for rhizofiltration). The S. montevidensis decontamination ability, along with its biomass production and its adaptability represents a great advance in order to the recovery of this degraded area and possible application in other contaminated watercourses in Brazil.
