Fig 48 - uploaded by O.P. Choudhary
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Proximal view of the carpus showing ulnar carpal (a); intermediate carpal (b); radial carpal (c); accessory carpal (d).
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In the present study, the skull was dolichocephalic in type. The cranial bones included occipital, sphenoid,
ethmoid, interparietal, parietal frontal, temporal, and facial bones were maxilla, premaxilla, palatine, pterygoid, nasal,
lacrimal, zygomatic, vomer, turbinates and mandible. The foramen magnum was large and roughly oval in shape. The
sphen...
Citations
... The shape of the skull of male chital and sambar deer was elongated in accordance with the findings of Sarma (2006) in kagani goat and Kumawat (2011) in chital, tapering to the anterior and dolichocephalic type as observed which was similar with the findings of Kumawat (2011) in chital;Choudhary (2015) in black buck and Keneisenuo et al. (2020) in barking deer and sambar deer ...
... The dorsal surface of the skull of male chital and sambar deer was formed by parietal, frontal, nasal and incisive bones similar observation was reported by Sarma (2006) in kagani goat, Kumawat (2011) in chital deer and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck. The frontal bone depression was deeper in skull of male chital deer; however, it was wider in the skull of sambar deer (Fig 2 and 3). ...
... The dorsal surface of parietal bone was more or less flattened in male sambar deer skull; however, in male chital deer, it was slightly convex in its middle (Fig 1). The caudal border of the nasal process of premaxilla was straight throughout in the of male sambar deer; whereas, in the male chital similar to findings of Kumawat (2011) in chital deer and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck. ...
Background: Madhya Pradesh is rich in biodiversity having diversified flora and fauna. But now a days, apart from various threat like loss of habitat poisoning, accident, disease facing wildlife today and poaching remain one of the important causes for fauna declination. poaching remains one of important cause for fauna declination. Poaching of wild animals particularly chital and sambar deer is more for the meat, ornamental and trophy purposes. In forensic laboratory where there is lack of molecular facilities, comparative gross morphological study plays an important role in solving wildlife crime cases. skull is a best material to compare the closely relative species. hence, the study was conducted on comparative gross morphology of 4 male chital and sambar deer skull. Methods: The study was conducted 4 male adult skulls each of chital and sambar deer. The skulls were de-skinned and kept under maceration for a period of one month. The gross morphological differentiating features of dorsal surface, lateral surface, basal surface and nuchal surface were observed and recorded with the help of digital camera. Result: In this study, unique differentiating features were sufficient to distinguish among the skull of male chital and sambar. The facial tuberosity was present caudal to infraorbital foramen, dorsal to the superior third premolar tooth in chital deer, whereas; it was present dorsally the superior first molar tooth in sambar deer. Rostral extremities of nasal bones in skull of male chital deer were notched; however, these were blunt and without notch in the skull of male sambar deer. Incisive (Premaxilla) bone was directed upward in chital deer; whereas, it was directed caudally in case of sambar deer. The present comparative study will provide reliable information for identification of these closely related species specially needed for wildlife forensic cases.
... The humerus (Fig 1 and 2) was a long, less twisted and strong bone as explained by Raghavan (1964) in ox, Talukdar et al. (2002) in mithun, Choudhary et al. (2013a) in chital and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck. In contrast, it was almost straight in camel (Smuts and Bezuidenhout, 1987). ...
... The lateral surface of the shaft was a spiral, smooth and presented a well-developed shallow musculospiral groove (sulcus musculo-brachialis) as earlier revealed by Raghavan (1964) in ox, Sarma and Kalita (2008) in Asian elephant and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck. In contrast, it was deep was in horse (Getty, (1975, where. ...
... The deltoid tuberosity was large and prominent as described by Miller et al. (1964) in dog and Getty (1975) in horse. In contrast, it was small and less prominent in sheep Getty (1975), ox (Raghavan, 1964), hedgehogs (Ozkan, 2004), tiger (Tomer et al., 2014) and blackbuck (Choudhary, 2015). The medial surface was almost linear in outline and had a short teres tubercle placed at the proximal third as reported by Raghavan (1964) in ox, Getty (1975) in horse and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck. ...
Background: There is scanty information on the morphology and morphometry of the arm and forearm bones (humerus, radius, ulna) of the adult blue bull; therefore, the present study was designed to provide details on the morphology and morphometry of the arm and forearm bones of adult blue bull. Methods: The present study was conducted on the arm and forearm bones of six adult blue bull of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The bone specimens were collected from Jodhpur zoo after taking official permission from the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (PCCF), Government of Rajasthan. The collected bones were processed as per the standard hot water maceration technique. The macerated bones were soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide followed by five days of sun-drying. Result: The humerus and radius was the long bones, whereas the ulna was aborted long bone. The humerus was a long, less twisted and strong bone with two extremities and four surfaces. The radius was fused to the ulna in the entire length, except for two interosseous spaces, namely, proximal interosseous spaces and distal interosseous spaces. The present study revealed that all the obtained parameters of arm and forearm bones (humerus, radius, ulna) showed a significant statistical difference (p<0.05 *) between the males and females of adult blue bull. It can be concluded that the bones of the arm and forearm of the adult blue bull resembled that of small and large ruminants; however, they differed from other domestic and wild animals.
... The skeletons were dug out from the graveyards located in the premises of Jodhpur Zoo. Afterward, these specimens were processed by the hot water maceration technique as described earlier Choudhary andSingh, 2015, 2016;Singh, 2018 andBharti et al., 2020). The macerated metatarsal bones were soaked in the 4% hydrogen peroxide and sundried for three days (Choudhary et al., 2019;. ...
... In the present study, the metatarsal bone was quadrilateral in outline (Figs. 1, 2) compressed from side to side as described by Raghavan (1964) in ox, Yadav et al. (2015) in Indian spotted deer and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck whereas were dissimilar with Getty (1975) in horse, who revealed that the metatarsal bones were three in number. The vascular groove on the anterior surface was wider and deeper. ...
... The vascular groove on the anterior surface was wider and deeper. The posterior surface was flat and broad as described by Raghavan (1964) in ox and Choudhary (2015) in blackbuck. The medial surface was flat and wide above. ...
There is a scarcity of literature on the metatarsal bone of blue bull; hence the present study was conducted on the metatarsals of six adult blue bull of either sex collected from Jodhpur zoo, Rajasthan, with the official permission from the Principle Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCF), Government of Rajasthan. The collected bone samples were processed as per the standard hot water maceration technique. The macerated samples were soaked in 4% hydrogen peroxide, followed by the sun-drying for 5 days. In the present study, the metatarsus of the blue bull consisted of two metatarsal bones. The large metatarsal bone consisted of fused III and IV metatarsals. The small II metatarsal was also present. These were cord-like bones and did not reach the distal extremity. The metatarsal II was smaller and was present on the palmo-lateral aspect of the large metatarsal. Two fully developed digits (III) and (IV) were reported in each hind limb of the blue bull.
... In literature, abundant information is available on gross anatomy of humerus of domestic animals [1] . Literature is available on the humerus of Black Bengal goat [2] , Blue bull [3] and blackbuck [4] . Due to paucity of literature on the humerus of Indian barking deer, the present study has been planned. ...
... The medial surface was almost linear in outline as also observed by Bharti [3] in Blue bull. The proximal third of this surface bore a short teres tubercle ( Fig. 3) as reported earlier in ox [1] , in blackbuck [4] and in Blue bull [3] . Talukdar et al. [7] revealed a well-developed teres tubercle in Mithun. ...
... The head was elliptical in outline with a very distinct neck. In ox [1] , the head was rounded in outline whereas it was oval in Blackbuck [4] . Bharti [3] observed rounded head in Blue bull with ill-defined neck. ...
Present study was conducted on the humerus of an adult Indian Barking deer. The shaft was spirally twisted and bone had two prominent extremities. Medial surface had a short teres tubercle at its proximal third. The proximal third of the lateral surface possessed at its middle a sharp deltoid tuberosity. The distal third of the shaft had nutrient foramen on its postero-lateral aspect. The head was elliptical in outline with a very distinct neck. The cranial part or summit of lateral tuberosity was well developed and blunt whereas the caudal part was ill-developed. The medial surface of the summit of lateral tuberosity facing the bicipital groove had 2 spine-like structures, the distal of which was better developed than the proximal one. The area for the insertion of infra-spinatus muscle was roughly triangular in outline. The medial tuberosity was much smaller as compared to the lateral one. A distinct groove was observed caudal to the posterior division of the medial tuberosity. The bicipital or inter-tubercular groove was well developed and roughly U-shaped. The anterior parts of both the lateral and medial tuberosities curved over the bicipital groove. The distal extremity consisted of two condyles, two epicondyles and two fossae. The medial condyle and epicondyle were much larger than the lateral counterpart but the lateral epicondylar crest was more prominent than the medial one. The olecranon fossa was much deeper than the radial fossa. Both the fossae were separated by a thin plate of bone. The width of the bone decreased from proximal to the middle of the shaft and then increased towards distal end.
... The carpals of the proximal row from medial to lateral were: radial carpal or scaphoid (ossa carpi radiale vel scaphoideum), intermediate carpal or semilunar (ossa carpi intermedium vel os lunatum), ulnar carpal or cuneiform (ossa carpi ulnare vel os triquetrum) and accessory carpal or pisiform (ossa carpi accessorium vel os pissiforme). The bones of the distal row were composed of second and third fused carpal or os magnum (ossa carpale II et III vel os trapazoideocapitatum) and fourth carpal or unciform (os carpale IV vel os hamatum) as reported by Konig and Liebich (2006), Akers and Denbow (2008) and Frandson et al. (2009) in ruminants, Raghavan (1964) in ox, Getty (1975) in sheep, in Black Bengal goat Siddiqui et al. (2008), in chital Choudhary et al. (2013) and Choudhary et al. (2015) in blackbuck. These findings were not similar with the reports of Konig and Liebich (2006) in pig, where a typical pattern of eight carpal bones composed in two rows of four carpals each was found also in dog (Miller et al. 1964) and in hedgehogs (Ozkan 2004) reported that intermediate carpal was absent in upper row and the lower row consisted of first, second, os-magnum or third and fourth carpal, where as Getty (1975), Konig and Liebich (2006) and Akers and Denbow (2008) in horse were reported that proximal row composed of radial, intermediate, ulnar and accessory while distal row was composed of first, second, third and fourth but as per Smuts and Bezuidenhout (1987) in dromedary the first carpal was not present in proximal row while in distal row first carpal was absent from the typical pattern. ...
... The radial carpal (Fig 1 & 4) bone was located on the medial aspect of the proximal row and consisted six surfaces. The proximal surface consisted articular area corresponding to the medial facet on the distal extremity of the radius bone as reported by Raghavan (1964) in ox, Getty (1975) in horse, Smuts and Bezuidenhout (1987) in dromedary, Choudhary et al. (2013) in chital and Choudhary et al. (2015) in blackbuck. The distal surface consisted articular area corresponding to the proximal and medial facet of the second and third fused carpal bone as described in ox (Raghavan, 1964), in dromedary (Smuts and Bezuidenhout, 1987), in chital (Choudhary et al., 2013), and in blackbuck Choudhary et al. (2015); but Miller et al., (1964) in dog reported that it was articulated with four carpal bones of distal row. ...
... The proximal surface consisted articular area corresponding to the medial facet on the distal extremity of the radius bone as reported by Raghavan (1964) in ox, Getty (1975) in horse, Smuts and Bezuidenhout (1987) in dromedary, Choudhary et al. (2013) in chital and Choudhary et al. (2015) in blackbuck. The distal surface consisted articular area corresponding to the proximal and medial facet of the second and third fused carpal bone as described in ox (Raghavan, 1964), in dromedary (Smuts and Bezuidenhout, 1987), in chital (Choudhary et al., 2013), and in blackbuck Choudhary et al. (2015); but Miller et al., (1964) in dog reported that it was articulated with four carpal bones of distal row. The lateral surface articulated with the medial surface of the intermediate carpal as reported by (Raghavan, 1964) in ox, (Getty, 1975) in horse and in dromedary (Smuts and Bezuidenhout, 1987); and Miller et al., (1964) in dog was reported that it was attached with ulnar carpal. ...
The present study has been carried out on the carpal bones of six blue bull. The carpal bones consisted of six short bones arranged in two transverse rows one above the other. The bones of the proximal row from medial to lateral were radial carpal or scaphoid, intermediate carpal or semilunar, ulnar carpal or cuneiform and accessory carpal or pisiform. The bones of the distal row were second and third fused carpal or os magnum and fourth carpal or unciform. The radial carpal bone was the medial-most of the proximal row and presented six surfaces. The intermediate carpal bone was wedge shaped, being wide in front and constricted in middle. The ulnar carpal bone was irregular in outline and situated lateral to the intermediate carpal. The accessory carpal was a short, medially curved bone. It was placed behind the ulnar carpal. In the distal row, the fused second and third carpal bone was situated medially and was larger than fourth carpal. The fourth carpal bone was smaller of the two bones of the distal row. It was roughly quadrilateral in outline and decreased in thickness cranio-caudally.
The study aims to analyse the normal anatomical and radiographical features of the Manus of the southern Aswanian‐adapted Arabian one‐humped camel, providing crucial data for diagnosing and treating various ailments. Our study was applied to 10 cadaver forelimbs of adult male one‐humped camels (4–5 years old) for an explanation of the gross anatomy of the bones of the Manus region from under the carpal bones by using traditional techniques, including the gross anatomical, radiographic and x‐ray (at the dorsopalmar and lateral planes) of the preparation of Manus bones. Our results showed that the large fused (third and fourth) metacarpal bones, in which the fusion extended along the entire length of the bone except at the distal end, diverged to form separate articulations with cross‐ponding digits. As described in all ruminant species, especially the camel, there were two digits, and each digit consisted of three phalanges and two proximal sesamoid bones. Our radiographic x‐ray data revealed that the complete radiopaque septum that completely divided the medullary cavity into two separate parts was clear from the dorsopalmar view, while the lateral view showed the proximal sesamoid bones that were placed over each other and located palmar to the head of the large metacarpal bone. In conclusion, our study reveals the adaptations of the Arabian one‐humped camel to Egyptian conditions, aiding in the early diagnosis of lameness and digit problems and enabling veterinarians and camel owners to better address these issues, thereby improving the overall health and well‐being of these animals.
