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During the last few years especially in Europe various new sorption chillers with small-scale capacity have been developed. Many of these absorption and adsorption chillers have now passed over from prototype stadium into field tests and production, so that a rising amount of products is expected within the next few years. The market potential for...
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... institute INETI of the University Lisbon developed together with company AoSol from Portugal also an air-cooled ammonia/water absorber prototype with 6 kW cooling capacity for the South-European market [12] . The Technical University Graz, Austria just developed for the company Heliotherm/ Helioplus, Austria a prototype of an ammonia/ water absorption heat pump/ chiller ( Figure 5) with 5 kW cooling capacity [13] . At the ITW Stuttgart in Germany a further NH 3 / water absorption chiller prototype with 10 kW cooling capacity is developed [14] . ...
Citations
... In spite of that, SHC still represents a tiny market even if it has been steadily growing in the last decade. Updated surveys performed by IEA-SHC (Jakob, 2015) are showing that the penetration of solar cooling systems in the market hasn't been so significant as The growing request of cooling services is already affecting the electricity demand dramatically in many countries, turning into unsustainable seasonal peaks, an increase of cost of electricity and risks of brownouts (Balaras et al., 2007a(Balaras et al., , 2007bDesideri et al., 2009aDesideri et al., , 2009b. ...
The present paper introduces the concept of solar cooling as a major issue in the valorization of the solar source in front of the challenge represented by the worldwide growing demand of cold. The most relevant solar cooling technologies are briefly discussed as well as their possible combination and implementation in different contexts. Some real-world installations are proposed as representative of possible plant design in a variety of climate and building integration conditions. Through these cases, trends of innovation are identified both for small and settlement scale applications, supporting the perspective of a more efficient exploitation of the solar cooling potential.
... The available silica gel-water adsorption chiller with small scale (less than 10 kW) is quite limited. SorTech in Germany developed a silica gel-water adsorption chiller with a dimension of 0.795 m (length) Â 1.10 m (depth) Â 1.19 m (height), as shown in Fig. 3 (Jakob, 2008;. The cooling capacity is 5.5 kW at the hot water temperature of 75/67 C and the chilled water of 18/15 C. The experimental results of the chiller, which is installed in the solar cooling system at CritrinSolar office building, showed the cooling power increased from 1.2 to 5.5 kW when the heat source i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f r e f r i g e r a t i o n 3 2 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 6 3 8 -6 6 0 temperature was from 57 to 80 C. The specifications rated are actually a sensible cooling power connected to a dry fan coil. ...
Solar powered sorption cooling systems have been researched and demonstrated in recent years, which contain adsorption cooling, absorption cooling and desiccant cooling. The various typical systems with small scale for potential residential applications are discussed and analyzed, in which the working principals, system suitability for solar cooling, performance, maintenance and economic viability have been discussed in this paper. With such analyses and the available real operation systems, the detailed options and guidelines of solar cooling for residential applications are shown.
The MOFs (metal organic frameworks) namely MIL-101 (Cr), MIL-125 (Ti) and UiO-66 (Zr) are found suitable for desalination and cooling applications. To improve both cooling and desalination performances, these MOFs were embedded with amino (–NH2) functional groups. For further improvement of water adsorption capacity and rates, the amino-functionalized MOFs can be protonated with hydrochloric acid (HCl). This article at first deals with the synthesis and characterization of protonated-amino-functionalized (NH3⁺Cl⁻) MIL-101 (Cr), MIL-125 (Ti) and UiO-66 (Zr) MOFs. Secondly, under adsorption and desorption conditions, the H2O loadings on these adsorbents are evaluated from transient to steady states. The experimental results show that the protonation (NH3⁺Cl⁻) based MIL-101 (Cr), MIL-125 (Ti) and UiO-66 (Zr) MOFs show the greater water distribution of 0.35, 0.31 and 0.4 kg/kg of MOFs. According to experimental results (heat exchanger performance, adsorption isotherms and kinetics data), the performance criteria such as specific cooling capacity (SCP), daily water production (SDWP) and coefficient of performance (COP) are evaluated for various desorption temperature (60 to 80°C) and cycle time (100 to 1000 s). The simulation results show a remarkable improvement in water production i.e., SDWP > 50 m³ desalinated water/t of adsorbents/day for protonated UiO-66 (Zr) MOFs. Additionally, the SCP improves from 0.006 to 0.72 kW/kg of MOFs.
