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Electric vehicles (EVs) have been gaining popularity in recent years due to growing concerns about fuel depletion and increasing petrol prices. Random uncoordinated charging of multiple EVs at residential distribution feeders with moderate penetration levels is expected in the near future. This paper describes a high performance voltage controller...
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Introduction
Superior vena cava (SVC) isolation has been proposed as part of the ablation strategy for atrial fibrillation. However, circumferential isolation of the SVC can lead to late-onset complications, such as SVC stenosis.
Methods
We describe a detailed observation of the SVC conduction pattern and present a newly developed approach for SVC...
Conference Discussion:
I have two comments and two questions. My first comment about the completion of this right atrial maze, as it has been shown in the slides, I consider it incomplete. You have to go up from the SVC (superior vena cava) down to the IVC (inferior vena cava) and all around the posterior end of the coronary sinus, and at 5 o’cloc...
![Fig. 1 SVC based control system [6].](profile/Md-Habibur-Rahaman-4/publication/327634134/figure/fig1/AS:670627207839750@1536901394850/SVC-based-control-system-6_Q320.jpg)
Emotion classification holds significant importance in various domains. However, the development of accurate emotion classification models for the Bengali language has been relatively limited, despite its vast speaker base. The unique characteristics of Bengali present several challenges for emotion classification. Consequently, there is an urgent...
Citations
... An electromagnetic hybrid compensation system (EHCS) and control technique are presented to achieve costeffective remuneration for the large-capacity negative sequence currents produced by high train load [250]. This study provides a high voltage regulator for EV CS and proposes an asymmetric synchronous reference frame controller (ASRFC) technique to correct voltage aberrations and network imbalance caused by EV chargers [251]. The utilization of DSTATCOM in intelligent micro-grid (MG) is the subject of this study [252]. ...
Electric vehicles have many opportunities to participate in auxiliary operations as research interest in renewables and green energy sources grows. This paper discusses novel energy storage technologies for assessing the impact of electric vehicles and distributed flexible alternating current transmission systems in smart grids for improving various power system performance results using various optimization techniques with real and reactive power minimization as objective functions. The authors should strive to make this review article extremely beneficial to scholars, academics, and practitioners. As a result, this review article will also be beneficial to the social community.
... In addition, researchers have studied the effect of an electrical power system in terms of losses, voltage stability, power system oscillation, reduced energy demand response, and optimal charging stations [10][11][12]. As EVs have an impact on electric energy, optimum conditions and energy planning need to be simulated and considered to maintain the grid by adapting optimization techniques [13]. Therefore, energy management sources need to be studied along with the optimal FCSs for providing the energy of each source in the charging process of EVs. ...
In this study, the concept of symmetry is introduced by finding the optimal state of a power system. An electric vehicle type load is present, where the supply stores’ electrical energy causes an imbalance in the system. The optimal conditions are related by adjusting the voltage of the bus location. The key variables are the load voltage deviation (LVD), the variation of the load and the power, and the sizing of the distributed photovoltaic (DPV), which are added to the system for power stability. Here, a method to optimize the fast-charging stations (FCSs) and DPV is presented using an optimization technique comparison. The system tests the distribution line according to the bus grouping in the IEEE 33 bus system. This research presents a hypothesis to solve the problem of the voltage level in the system using metaheuristic algorithms: the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), genetic algorithm (GA), and simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) are used to determine the optimal position for DPV deployment in the grid with the FCSs. The LVD, computation time, and total power loss for each iteration are compared. The voltage dependence power flow is applied using the backward/forward sweep method (BFS). The LVD is applied to define the objective function of the optimization techniques. The simulation results show that the SAA showed the lowest mean computation time, followed by the GA and the CSA. A possible location of the DPV is bus no. 6 for FCSs with high penetration levels, and the best FCS locations can be found with the GA, with the best percentage of best hit counter on buses no. 2, 3, 13, 14, 28, 15, and 27. Therefore, FCSs can be managed and handled in optimal conditions, and this work supports future FCS expansion.
... The combination of TCR and TSC systems yields to SVC hybrid compensator. By adjusting the conduction period of the thyristors, the circuit becomes similar to variable source of reactive power [5][6][7][8][9]. Whereas, these devices are considered as a major source of undesirable harmonics [9]. ...
... By adjusting the conduction period of the thyristors, the circuit becomes similar to variable source of reactive power [5][6][7][8][9]. Whereas, these devices are considered as a major source of undesirable harmonics [9]. ...
Nowadays, the reactive power consumption is becoming a serious problem for electricity network management. To overcome this problem, several solutions are proposed in the literature. In the present study, the static reactive power compensator (STATCOM) solution is used to keep the network voltage within its rated range. The STATCOM is modeled in the axes of Park reference frame and is driven controlled by a SVPWM strategy. Its control scheme is based on a multivariable Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG/H2) controller, which has the advantage of being applied to systems whose condition is not measured. Simulations are performed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are presented, compared and discussed.
... A passive filter is utilised to boost harmonic-constrained hosting capacity, improving harmonic filtering, power factor, and voltage. A harmonic voltage compensator and asymmetric Synchronous Reference Frame Control system with a static VAR compensator linked to the grid to attenuate the harmonic has been proposed [25], where the HVC was used to minimize voltage THD. Despite the fact that many researchers have utilised passive filters to reduce harmonics, only a few have addressed both current and voltage harmonics in their analyses, particularly for CS. ...
Increased usage of combined PV-Wind renewable energy sources is seen as a positive step toward reducing air pollution and carbon emissions. However, since non-linear loads have increased dramatically, voltage quality and harmonic distortion concerns have arisen, affecting the operation of combined PV-Wind RES and smart-grid electrical transmission structures. This study shows how a Shunt active power filter may improve energy quality in a microgrid structure at the distribution level. The major goal of this article is to find an appropriate controller approach for improving the shunt active power filter's compensating capacity. This paper simulates a PV-Wind hybrid renewable energy system that operates in the presence of unpredictably variable solar and wind energy resources. The objective is to allow the construction of an electrical control structure that produces the right duty cycle. It will aid in the regulation and stabilization of voltages at dc/dc energy conversion plant. Simulation is used to assess the proposed control system's ability to enhance power quality. The device's compensating capability is mostly determined by the DC link capacitor voltage control. The closed loop functioning of a proportional integral controller is used to attain this voltage regulation in the past. To increase the functioning of a shunt active power filter, the MOPSO procedure approach has been presented. The performance of suggested approaches and the comparison of different pulse generating strategies have been validated in the SIMULINK/MATLAB model environment. The suggested technology successfully improves power quality on the grid and maintains a steady voltage on the grid despite variations in RE output and load.
... The single tuned filter is designed to mitigate a specific harmonic component from the charging system by a properly sized inductance, capacitance, and resistance values [10]. The authors in [11] proposed a band-pass inductor-capacitor (LC) filter integrated into an asymmetric synchronous reference of an EV charger connected to the grid to mitigate the 5th and 7th harmonic components. However, there is a lack of research in measuring both voltage and current harmonics in EV fast charging. ...
Electric vehicles usage and adoption have expanded rapidly over the last decade, as the global energy demand is shifting away from fossil fuels. The recent development of electric vehicle charging technology, which is a fast charging mode, enables an electric vehicle to be fully charged within 10 minutes. However, the generated harmonics, control complexity, and cost of fast charging are the main challenges that need to be addressed to further expand the electric vehicle fast charging technologies. In this manuscript, a new electric vehicle fast charger was designed by introducing the three-stage converters based on the integration between internal model controller with synchronized decoupled controller algorithms. The proposed charger can provide two types of charging approaches, namely alternating current (AC) fast charging and direct current (DC) fast charging. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed charger, the model is developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink 2018a platform. Additionally, experimental verification, which utilizes a digital signal processor (TMS320F28335), is conducted to further support the design concept and the simulation findings. These research results have indicated that the proposed charger is applicable for fast AC and DC charging. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion value for the input current is 1.55%, where it has constantly been maintained within the standard limits, thus showing the effectiveness of proposed charger in performing the charging process without causing any significant impact to the grid.
... Despite the fact that research in the field of SVCs has been carried out for many years, the topic is still relevant. This fact is evidenced by many new publications devoted to the theory and application of SVCs, e.g., [4,8,12,[38][39][40][41][42][43]. One of the directions of recent research works in this field is the expansion of SVC application areas [8]. ...
... However, all these publications are dedicated to symmetric compensation of reactive power in all three phases, and in most of them, just the simulation results are presented. 3. The TCR compensator, which is an essential part of the SVC that allows us to achieve smooth compensation, is developed only for the symmetric compensation of the reactive power and practically is employed just for high and medium voltage lines of the utility grid [4,[24][25][26][27]35,39,41,[45][46][47]. The novelty of this work is that the proposed TCR compensator is capable of compensating reactive power in a three-phase low-voltage grid utility asymmetrically and that the proper operation of the proposed compensator is proved experimentally, using developed experimental reactors and the test bench of the compensator. ...
The thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) compensator for smooth asymmetric compensation of reactive power in a low-voltage utility grid is proposed in this work. Two different topologies of compensator were investigated: topology based on a single-cored three-phase reactor and topology with separate reactors for every phase. The investigation of the proposed TCR compensator was performed experimentally using a developed experimental test bench for 12 kVAr total reactive power. The obtained results show that employment of separate reactors for every phase allows us to control the reactive power in every phase independently, and that the TCR compensator with three single-phase reactors is suitable for smooth and asymmetric compensation of reactive power in a low-voltage utility grid.
... BEVs can achieve complete zero emission during driving progress, but they are generally equipped with large-capacity batteries, so their cost are significantly high. There are two kinds of charging interfaces are available as slow alternate-current (AC) charging and fast direct-current (DC) charging [10]. However, the status quo of the battery performance and charging infrastructure bring great mileage anxiety to the divers of BEVs [11]. ...
Battery safety and driving range hinder the development of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper proposes a novel dynamic driving system-load isolated pure electric driving (LIPED) system. Keep working in its most economical point/area as energy source, a generator set is integrated and completely isolated from driving load. Two battery packs can be intelligently switched to ensure stable and sufficient power/energy supplying within their optimal discharge depths. A LIPED-EV prototype model on the basis of a light truck is developed by matching various components parameters of the power system, and the feasibility and superiority of the LIPED system are verified through performance simulations on power and economy performance. The comprehensive fuel consumption saves 17.4% compared with the prototype car. Besides, a collaborative driving control strategy is developed based on nine state of charge (SOC) combinations and five driving conditions. Additionally, to realize rapid SOC balancing of battery modules and adaptively recover braking energy, a discrete-input series-output battery grouping system is proposed via adopting a flip-up four-quadrant topology. The SOC convergence effects in various situations such as congenital inconsistency and voltage surge after module exits are also verified through multiple sets of experiments under the new European driving cycle.
... The grouping of both TSC and TCR devices; has the following component: capacitor banks C, inductors L, a controlled thyristor reactor and harmonic filters, constituting the compensator under the name SVC (static compensator reactive energy). In its simple form, the SVC is connected to a coupling transformer directly connected to the AC bus as shown in Figure 1 [19]. ...
p>Several problems related to the power grid in the region of Adrar, in southern Algeria, where it is not connected to the Algerian national network. This region contains many energy resources for power stations, wind and photovoltaic farms. The industrial development in this region requires a connection with the national network to rationalize renewable energy sources and allow sufficient capacity of power for the two grids. The work involved in studying the possibility of interconnection between the grid of Adrar region and the Algerian national network. Modeling, control and real-time analysis of various scenarios have been achieved. A SVC with an optimal location has controlled the improvement of the voltage of the interconnected grid.</p
... The grouping of both TSC and TCR devices; has the following component: capacitor banks C, inductors L, a controlled thyristor reactor and harmonic filters, constituting the compensator under the name SVC (static compensator reactive energy). In its simple form, the SVC is connected to a coupling transformer directly connected to the AC bus as shown in Figure 1 [19]. ...
Several problems related to the power grid in the region of Adrar, in southern Algeria, where it is not connected to the Algerian national network. This region contains many energy resources for power stations, wind and photovoltaic farms. The industrial development in this region requires a connection with the national network to rationalize renewable energy sources and allow sufficient capacity of power for the two grids. The work involved in studying the possibility of interconnection between the grid of Adrar region and the Algerian national network. Modeling, control and real-time analysis of various scenarios have been achieved. An SVC with an optimal location has controlled the improvement of the voltage of the interconnected grid. © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
... In this paper, the authors suggest two methods to reduce the apparent power loss and size of the capacitor. First, the Asymmetric Synchronous Reference Frame Controller (ASRFC) is introduced to improve power factor when EVs are charging [12]. Second, we propose the sliding mode controllers (SMCs), which are nonlinear controllers for SVC [13][14][15]. ...
... Eq. (11) shows the effective susceptance of the inductor for a given firing angle α, while the total SVC susceptance is shown in Eq. (12). ...
... The voltage drop of the regulator is 0.01 pu/100 VA (0.03 Pu/300 VA). When the SVC operating point changes from fully capacitive to fully inductive, the SVC voltage varies between 1 − 0.03 = 0.97 pu and 1 + 0.01 = 1.01 pu [12]. ...
