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Abstract Crosslinked sulfonated polyacrylamide (Cross-PAA-SO3H) attached to nano-Fe3O4 as a superior catalyst has been used for the synthesis of 3-alkyl-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-2(3H)-thione derivatives through a three-component reactions of phenacyl bromide or 4-methoxyphenacyl bromide, carbon disulfide and primary amine under reflux condition in eth...
Citations
... Weight loss equaling 46% of the initial total occurred in the third stage, which began at ~400 °C due to the disintegration of Imide groups and the degradation of the polymer main chains 43 . At temperatures above 450°C, the copolymers completely broke down; however, at 900°C, 20% of PAM's mass remained, a result of the decomposition of the Schiff base bond accompanied by a loss of mass that pointed to the ongoing degradation of the polymer into its component monomers, acrylamide and glutaraldehyde 44,45 . ...
This work involved the preparation of a new Schiff base ligand derived from poly acrylamide and glutaraldehyde [(2S, 2'S) – N, N' - (pentane-1, 5-diylidene) bis (2- methylbutan amide)] (PAAG) with some heavy metals (Cr +3, Mn + 3, Fe + 3, Co + 2, Ni + 2, Cu + 2, Zn + 2, Cd + 2) to produce corresponding complexes. Schiff bases and their metal complexes are characterized using FTIR spectral, Uv-Vis spectroscopy, conductivity, magnetic moments, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The prepared polymer was used with zeolite to form composite material to remove some of the elements from polluted water that were drawn from industrial water of the electric power plants in Dora and South Baghdad. Also, estimate the elements trace concentrations before and after using the prepared base by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
... It has been used to synthesize derivatives of 3-alkyl-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-2(3H)-thione using a three-component reaction composed of a primary amine, CS 2 , and phenacyl bromide or 4-methoxyphenyl bromide. Easy accessibility, high productivity, quicker reaction times, catalyst reusability, and low catalyst amount are some of this method's advantages [81]. ...
Functional polymers as solid-supported reagents and catalysts for organic synthesis were conventionally based on cross-linked polystyrene (PS). Polyacrylamide (PAM), modified PAM and their copolymers as hydrophilic support, alternatively can be used as heterogeneous systems in several areas of chemistry and industry. After Regen’s report in 1979 that applied cross-linked PAM as a solid phase cosolvent, PAM-supported reagents and catalysts manifest an excessively important function in various organic reactions. This review summarizes the entire features of PAM and its modified forms and focuses on their most recent and relevant applications in organic transformations. Oxidation–reduction reactions, C–C cross-coupling reactions, and Michael addition reactions are among the most important transformation in which PAM and its derivatives have been widely used. Other reactions like substitution reactions, H2O2 decomposition, 1,3-thiazoles synthesis, oxidative esterification, dichlorocyclopropanation, protection of carbonyl compounds, ring opening of epoxides, and dye decolorization have also been investigated. Furthermore, the efficiency, reusability, and limitations associated with these supported systems are discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Herein, applications of functional polymers based on polyacrylamide, modified PAM and their copolymers for the production of polymer supported reagents and catalysts are reviewed. This review summarizes the entire features of PAM and its modified forms and focuses on their most recent and relevant applications in organic transformations such as oxidation–reduction reactions, C–C cross-coupling reactions, Michael addition reactions etc. Furthermore, the efficiency, reusability, and limitations associated with these supported systems are discussed.
... Different types of magnetic catalysts have improved to efficiently catalyze multi-component reactions for the synthesis of some structural variety of compounds [25,26]. These nanocatalysts are recyclable and can be reused in consecutive trials without mainly decreasing their catalytic properties [27,28]. The heteropolyacids are widely utilized as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts [29,30]. ...
H3PW12O40-amino-functionalized CdFe12O19@SiO2 nanocomposite has been applied as an effective nanocatalyst for the preparation of imidazoles by three-component reactions of benzil, ammonium acetate, and benzaldehydes under solvent-free condition. H3PW12O40-amino-functionalized CdFe12O19@SiO2 nanocomposites has been identified by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This method provides several benefits including easy work-up, the use solvent-free conditions, the low catalyst loading and the reusability of the catalyst. Recently the use of environmental and green catalysts which can be easily recycled has received significant attention. Besides environmental advantages, such recoverable catalysts can also provide a platform for heterogeneous catalysis, green chemistry, and environmentally benign protocols in the near future.
Spiro heterocycle frameworks are a class of organic compounds that possesses unique structural features making them highly sought-after targets in drug discovery due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool for assembling complex molecular architectures. The use of microwave irradiation in synthetic chemistry is a promising method for accelerating reaction rates and improving yields. This review provides insights into the current state of the art and highlights the potential of microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of novel spiro heterocyclic compounds that were reported between 2017 and 2023.
Abstract – 1,3-Thiazole is one of the most adaptable scaffolds for heterocyclic compounds. In recent years, thiazole has attracted focus in organic and medicinal chemistry due to its improved effectiveness and significant biological activities. Numerous reviews have reported on the synthesis and pharmacological activities of thiazoles. However, synthesis, pharmaceutical, and chemical applications have not been completely reviewed. The present review focuses on recent work on the synthesis, pharmaceutical and chemical applications of substituted thiazoles. This review discusses the most recent advancements in thiazole-based compounds and emphasizes the importance of design, drug discovery, and the use of thiazole in chemical applications. Additionally, this article is aimed to aid researchers in identifying potential future avenues for the creation of more effective thiazoles.
Organotin(IV) complexes are gaining major attention as drug candidates, accordingly we have synthesized a cluster of novel diorganotin(IV) complexes R2SnClL (where R is Me, Et, n-Bu and Ph) of Schiff base ligands 2-{[4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol (HL¹), 4-{[4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol (HL²), 2-{[4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol (HL³) and 2,4-dibromo-6-{[4-(4-bromo-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol (HL⁴). The structural elucidation of the compounds was done by using different spectroscopic techniques (UV–Vis, FT-IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR), mass spectrometry, melting point and molar conductance measurement. The spectroscopic data recommend that Schiff bases are bidentate (NO) in nature and bind to tin metal via azomethine nitrogen, phenolic oxygen atom and have pentacoordinated environment around central tin metal. To check the biological utility, the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains using serial dilution method and inhibitory activity noted in terms of MIC values (μmol/mL) which displayed that the complexes were more efficient than corresponding Schiff bases and complex 20 (Ph2SnClL⁴) was most active antimicrobial agent. The compounds were also evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines- A549 (Lung), PC-3 (Prostate), MDA-MB-231 (Breast), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas) and human normal cell line fR2 by using MTT method. The results of cytotoxic activity showed that compounds 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 and 14 are active and compounds 10 and 11 having IC50 values ranging from 0.01 to 1.42 μM are almost equally potent to the standard drug doxorubicin against all examined cell lines and are even less toxic against normal cell line.
Graphic abstract
Diorganotin(IV) complexes of 4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-amine and salicylaldehyde derivatives were synthesized. Complex 20 (Ph2SnClL⁴) is most active antimicrobial agent, and complex 11 (Bu2SnClL²) is most efficient cytotoxic agent against tested human cancerous cell lines.
SO3H functionalized Co3O4/ZnO@N‐GQDs nanocomposite as a green heterogeneous solid acid catalyst has been utilized for the synthesis of phenazinpyrimidines by the four‐component reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthaquinone, o‐phenylenediamine, aldehydes, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil under ultrasonic irradiations. The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and vibrating‐sample magnetometer). This method provides several benefits, including excellent yields in short reaction times, wide range of products, and applying the sonochemical methodology as efficient method.
Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocatalyst has been used as an effective catalyst for the preparation of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes and biscoumarins under ultrasonic irradiations in ethanol. The catalyst has been characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, XPS and VSM. Atom economy, reusable catalyst, low catalyst loading, applicability to a wide range of substrates, high yields of products, and applying the sonochemical methodology as an efficient method and innocuous means of activation in synthetic chemistry for the preparation of medicinally privileged heterocyclic molecules are some of the substantial features of this method. The present catalytic procedure is extensible to a wide diversity of substrates for the synthesis of a variety-oriented library of pyranochromene and biscoumarins. The ultrasound approach decreases times, increases yields of products by creating the activation energy in micro surroundings. Meanwhile, this recoverable catalyst will provide a regular platform for heterogeneous catalysis, green chemistry, and environmentally benign protocols in the near future.
Co 3 O 4 /NiO@GQDs@SO 3 H nanocatalyst has been used as an effective catalyst for the preparation of benzopyranopyridines through a four-component reaction of salicylaldehydes, thiols and 2 equiv of malononitrile under reflux condition in ethanol. The catalyst has been characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, XPS, TGA and VSM. Atom economy, reusable catalyst, low catalyst loading and high yields of products are some of the notable features of this method. The best results were gained in EtOH and we found the convincing results for the reaction in the presence of Co 3 O 4 /NiO@GQDs@SO 3 H nanocomposite (4 mg) under reflux conditions. Also, a series of salicylaldehydes and different thiols were studied under optimum conditions. INTRODUCTION Pyranopyridines show biological activities including antipsychotic [1], anti-inflammatory [2], anti-asthma [3], antiallergic [4] and antibacterial [5]. These activities make benzopyranopyridines attractive targets in organic synthesis. A number of procedures have been developed for the preparation of pyranopyridines using K 2 CO 3 [6], Et 3 N [7,8] and NaOH [9]. Despite the use of these ways, there remains a need for further new methods for the synthesis of benzopyranopyridines. GQDs have achieved intense attention owing to the remarkable features containing biological [10], biomedical [11], drug delivery [12], photocatalysts [13], surfactants [14], electrochemical biosensing [15], electrocatalytic [16], Li-ion battery [17], optical properties and photovoltaic applications [18], photoluminescence [19-20], bioimaging properties [21], and catalytic activity [22]. Potential applications of N-graphene quantum dots were lately reviewed on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies [23-26].
