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This paper presents a new energy efficient N-bit barrel shifter using IG FinFET in 20 nm technology. The independent gate based FinFET device having more attractive features than standard CMOS technology. The proposed N-bit barrel shifter using independent gate FINFET device reduces the low power consumption over MOSFET and simulation results are p...
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A phase frequency detector (PFD) with a very low dead zone is proposed which is based on a configuration adaptable to both CMOS or carbon nano-tube transistors (CNTFETs). In the first step the proposed configuration is designed using CMOS transistors, and then CNTFETs are substituted to improve the speed and reduce the propagation delay. The propos...
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... In the recent era, different advanced technologies are used to design 8-bit Barrel Shifters. Among them, Nehru Kandasamy et al presented an 8-bit IGFinFET-based Barrel Shifter that is the 2020's most parametric e cient optimized design with good scalability [5]. This design of the 8 bit Barrel Shifter is again presented by Raja Sekar Kumaresan et al in this year 2022 [6], where nano-magnetic designs are presented beyond C.MOS-Technology. ...
In the present digital Nano-electronic era, the Quantum cell-based QCA (“Quantum-dot cellular automata”) technical platform is a suitable alternative to the transistor-level-based C.MOS-Technologies (Complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology).In this paper, the QCA technology is used to design multilayer, 3D, multi-bit (up to 8bit is selected) quantum low powered, high speed, optimum cost-effective Barrel Shifter. In the proposed Barrel-Shifter design, the reversibility is properly checked by using 2:1 MUX, and response analysis is also discussed appropriately. Along with this, the presented structures in this paper are compared with existing advanced related works and these comparisons are mainly based on an occupied unit area, area-based power consumption, latency, complexity, and cost. Additionally, the stability checking of the proposed multilayer Barrel-Shifter structure (in terms of output-polarization) is also included in this work based on the temperature tolerance and layer separation gap.
Novel advanced low power high speed quantum-dot cellular automata (Q-DCA) nano-technique is utilized in this work to form a multilayer 3D 8:1 multiplexer-based 8-bit barrel-shifter and check the reversibility of the used component. A clear parametric investigation is shown that the proposed 8-bit barrel-shifter can optimize the occupied area, delay (switching delay and propagation delay), complexity, power dissipation and cost in multilayer 3D Q-DCA platform compare to recently used advanced transistor-level technology-based structure, and the used novel structure of multilayer 3D 8:1 multiplexer is more advanced to reduce the required area, 2 types of delay (switching delay and propagation delay), complexity, cost and dissipated power compare to recent existing single-layer Q-DCA-based structures. The temperature tolerance with layer separation gap reduction effect of the proposed multilayer Q-DCA structures is also discussed clearly in this research paper, where QCADesigner 4.0 is used to design and simulate the layouts of the proposed digital components to calculate all the selected parameters.
Thinking about sustainable actions for big cities is one of the problems of the twenty-first century. This demand is faced by cities in the different dimensions that make it up: social, economic, and environmental. Just as companies should think about adopting and investing in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), cities need to become smart cities, an important step to transform themselves into sustainable cities with a higher quality of life. ESG, in companies, refers to the three central factors for measuring the sustainability and social impact of an investment process. Cities need to focus, in addition to modernizing their infrastructure, on strengthening the circular economy, investing more in education, reducing school dropout, which is closely linked to the area of security in cities, and based on these measures, seek balance in all areas of society. The concepts of smart cities and sustainable cities will be presented, showing the interconnection of both concepts. The purpose of this chapter is to show how to build smart cities and how they are transformed into sustainable cities. Thus, a systematic and integrative review was carried out in the Scopus database, in order to answer the following questions: (1) What are smart cities? (2) How to transform cities into smart cities? (3) What is the interconnection between the two concepts: smart cities and sustainable cities? (4) How do smart cities contribute to building a sustainable city? The results converge in the relationship between intelligence and sustainability, being the basis for a new type of city that directs its growth in an intentional, collaborative, and inclusive way to transform urban centers into a place with a higher quality of life. This chapter brings two examples of smart cities: one in Portugal and another in Brazil, explaining how the national legislation of each country and its social reality interfere in the construction of smart cities. The main innovation presented is the indicators for transforming smart cities into sustainable cities. For this purpose, the chapter is divided into eight sections, which are entitled: Introduction, Smart Cities, Sustainable Cities, Methodology, Relationship Between Sustainable Cities and Intelligent Cities, From Smart Cities Toward Sustainable Cities: Inclusion and Life Quality, Case Studies: Smart Cities from Brazil and Portugal, and Conclusions.
Smart farming is one kind of application of modern communication technologies in agriculture, leading to the third green revolution. The third green revolution will transform agriculture into a new dimension with Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and sensor technologies. These technologies, like robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, increase crop quality. Today’s agriculture industry is precise, smarter, and data-centered. The Internet of Things is evolving rapidly, and IoT technologies have redesigned many sectors in the real world, including smart agriculture. These redesigned methods have changed the conventional agricultural practices and developed new opportunities for many researchers with different challenges. This chapter mainly highlights the IoT architecture’s capabilities post-pandemic in the real world and smart agriculture sensors’ potential and challenges while integrating the technology with conventional farming practices. Sensors were mostly available for agriculture applications such as soil identification, crop status, pesticide detection, etc. The IoT technology that helps sow crops, packing, and transportation is broadly explained in this chapter. Furthermore, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone usage is described broadly for applications such as surveillance of crop and crop yield. The types of sensors that are suitable for farming will be explained extensively in this subsection. The requirements of the UAV’s and future applications of using drones in smart farming are broadly discussed. Finally, based on this chapter, the researchers can identify smart agriculture and farming’s future trends.
