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Marine living resources are diminishing in the Turkish Black Sea whilst marine biological diversity is facing various threats from overfishing as well as illegal, unreported or unregulated fishing, pollution - both vessel and land-based, alien species, marine litter, and climate change. The designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will greatly...
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Context 1
... 1: İğneada region (Fig. 1) Implementation of a regional strategy for conservation of the Black Sea is only possible by the establishment of transboundary protected areas, which currently do not exist. To start with, transboundary areas designated as MPAs between Turkey and Bulgaria and development of strategies for elaboration and implementation of bilateral ...
Citations
... The Turkish coast of the Black Sea, which represents the main shelter area for many species with coastal dunes, wetlands, reefs, and islands, is host to diverse and rich habitats (Öztürk et al., 2013). With an annual average surface water temperature of 16.3°C (quoted from the Turkish State Meteorological Service) and nutrient abundance (Öztürk et al., 2013;Zengin, 2019), the Black Sea can provide suitable conditions for the life of the species. The presence of hydrogen sulfide at a depth of more than 150 m in the Black Sea is considered a limiting factor for the distribution of this species (Algan et al., 2002). ...
In this study, a male specimen of John dory (Zeus faber) with 31.4 cm in total length and 365.43 g in body weight was caught with a trammel net at a depth of 15 m from Fener Island in the province of Fatsa (Ordu, Black Sea). This record is the first verified report suggesting that John dory expanded its distribution in the Mediterranean towards the Geographical Sub-Area 29 (Black Sea).
... The absence of contamination indicator species among the species known from the region, particularly the presence of Syllidae (Polychaeta) species that have a distribution in clear waters and the dominance of Pisidia longimana (Crustacea), suggests that the area is free of contamination stress. On Turkey's Black Sea coast Öztürk et al. [6], proposed 5 Marine Protected Areas. The Iğneada seaside region, as well as a terrestrial part, Strandja, which is found between Turkey and Bulgaria, is 1 of the proposed potential areas. ...
... The Iğneada seaside region, as well as a terrestrial part, Strandja, which is found between Turkey and Bulgaria, is 1 of the proposed potential areas. The terrestrial portion of Iğneada is so far preserved on account of its special wetlands on alluvial soils, floodplain forests and beaches [6]. ...
Enrichments of metals in surface sediments from Iğneada shores of the Black Sea were analysed to define the level of contamination in the region. For this purposes, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Al and Fe levels in surface sediments were studied from 6 stations. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab. Elemental analyses in sediments were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of metals varied from 0.031 to 0.091 for Cd; 0.025 to 0.064 for Hg; 3.32 to 7.88 for Pb; 5.75 to 13.42 for Cu; 25.63 to 40.07 for Cr; 14.8 to 28.2 for Ni; 18.29 to 33.21 for Zn; 268 to 377 for Mn; 10,987 to 17,101 for Al; and 11,521 to 20,700 mg·kg ₋1 for Fe mg·kg ₋1 dry wt. Metal levels were found to be much lower than recommended levels when compared to Sediment Quality Criteria for surface sediments. Enrichment Factors (EF), Geo-Accumulation Index (I geo) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to the data for assessing the sediment quality. EF values were nearly between 0.33 and 2.4. Mostly EF for metals were less than 2, may be come from natural weathering processes or crustal substances, indicate no enrichment. However, some results of EF values slightly exceeding 2 indicate moderate enrichment. These rates aren't thought to be important. I geo values for all metals were less than 0 at all stations, suggesting that the Iğneada shores was uncontaminated by these studied metals. PLI values ranged from 0.410 in station I to 0.747 in station IV, indicating that Iğneada shores in the Black Sea were less impacted by these metals. PLI value for zone was found as 0.553665002. The I geo and PLI values also suggest that surface sediments in Iğneada shores of the Black Sea is uncontaminated.
... However, coastal dune vegetation has been threatened by several factors such as inundation, sand erosion, sand extraction for building, ship-based pollution, illegal urbanism, and agricultural activities and require special protection due to this unique property in Black Sea Region. Coastal dunes in Central Black Sea Region are of special importance due to their vulnerability to global climatic change according to tide gauge measurement and mean sea-level rise was calculated 2.2 ± 2.5 mm/year (Samsunlu et al. 2002;Demirkesen et al. 2008;Sertel et al. 2008;Ozturk et al. 2013). This study aimed (1) to investigate the changes in chemical and physical traits of coastal sand dunes along seashore to inland gradient, (2) to determine the relationships between the chemical or physical traits and plant species in characteristic coastal dune zones. ...
Coastal dunes are very prone to environmental changes and they are very vulnerable ecosystems. Coastal dune vegetation in the north of Turkey cover a comparatively wide area (149 km) and they include most of the characteristic coastal dune zones. However, they are threatened by disturbance factors and most significant of these are inundation and dune erosion especially in drift line. In the present study, the relationships between some chemical and physical traits and coastal dune species in characteristic dune zones were investigated in Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Soil reaction (pH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), organic matter content (% OM), potassium ion (K⁺) concentration, bicarbonate ion (HCO3⁻) concentration and coarse and very fine sand contents were found to be the most significant abiotic factors along seashore to inland gradient in studied coastal dunes. Medium sand and OM contents were associated with main and transitional dunes, while pH and SAR were associated with drift line and embryonic dune zones.
... Bulgaria has 15 MPAs both marine and terrestrial, Romania has two with the largest being the marine part of the Danube Delta Biosphere (Begun et al., 2012). Ozturk et al. (2013) proposed five ecologically important regions along the Turkish Black Sea coast, containing the internationally important wetland of Kizilirmak Delta, a Ramsar Site since 1998, and Yesilirmak Delta in the Samsun region. These sites were proposed taking into account the criteria of the Convention on Biological Diversity and modeling studies of larval dispersal within the Black Sea (Fach, Arkin, & Salihoglu, 2016), confirming connectivity between each of the regions to form a network of protected areas. ...
... Aquatic systems especially lakes are more sensitive to heavy metal pollutants and are contaminated by chemical substances, industrial, domestic and agriculture wastes in the form of particles, metal ions, organic and inorganic compounds[13]. Kızılırmak is the most important river as wetland and deltaic ecosystem in the Turkish part of the Black Sea[14]. The Kızılırmak Delta occupies 56 000 ha and includes 12 000 ha of freshwater marshes and swamps, coastal lakes, and lagoons on both sides of the Kızılırmak River. ...
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the levels of some heavy metals in the liver and edible tissues of four fish species [Mugil cephalus L., 1758 (M. cephalus), Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (C. carpio), Perca fluviatilis L., 1758 (P. fluviatilis) and Stizostedion lucioperca L., 1758 (S. lucioperca)] collected from Lake Balik, Kizilirmak Delta (Samsun) for analysis of Cu, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni and Fe. These metals were chosen because at higher concentrations there might be toxic to the fish and by extension humans that depends on such fish as food.
Methods: The concentrations of the metals were carried out by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (UNICAM 929).
Results: Large differences in heavy metal levels were observed between liver and muscle tissues within each fish. The results showed that the Fe concentrations were the highest and Cd concentrations were the lowest in livers and edible tissues of the four species. The muscles of C. carpio accumulated significant higher levels of Co, Zn and Ni than other species. Cu was higher in the muscles of S. lucioperca than those in other species, while M. cephalus showed more of Mn and Fe levels. The muscles of P. fluviatilis accumulated significant higher levels of Pb and Cd than other species. However, the liver of M. cephalus accumulated significant higher levels of Co, Mn and Fe than other species. The level of Cd was the highest in the liver of P. fluviatilis, while S. lucioperca showed more of Cu and Pb, and the higher levels of Zn and Ni was measured in the liver of C. carpio.
Conclusions: The metal levels obtained were compared with the maximum permitted levels in food of the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC). The results of this study showed that estimated daily and weekly intakes of selected metals via consumption of fish were below the permissible tolerable daily intake and provisional tolerable weekly intake values established by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.
... The urban population is small in this region compared to other parts of Turkey (as well as compared to Bulgaria), therefore the anthropogenic impact on this coastal ecosystem is very limited. Ozturk et al. (2013) suggested this region as the most appropriate location for a transboundary protected area. The proposed potential area comprises the İğneada coastal inshore marine area and a terrestrial component, Strandja, located between Bulgaria and Turkey. ...
... The proposed potential area comprises the İğneada coastal inshore marine area and a terrestrial component, Strandja, located between Bulgaria and Turkey. The terrestrial part of İğneada is already protected due to its unique floodplain forests, wetlands on alluvial soils and coastal sands (Ozturk et al. 2013). ...
... Ancak Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarının denizel biyoçeşitliliği insanlar tarafından uygulanan baskılar nedeniyle ciddi bir tehlike altındadır. Bu tehditler; deniz kaynaklarından aşırı yararlanılması, kıyısal kentleşme ile kıyı habitatının denizel yaşam alanlarının ve ekosistemlerinin kaybı ile sonuçlanmaktadır [1]. Koruma alanı olarak önerilen bölgenin Samandağ Deniz Kumsalından genel görünümü Şekil 7'de verilmiştir. ...
This study investigate the region between the coast of Samandağ-Deniz district and coast of Yayladağı-Keldağ in Northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey in order to be Marine Protected Area due to having endangered the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas ve Caretta caretta), and also high fish species diversity and underwater historical ruins .
n Memoriam: Prof. Dr. Murat SEZGİN (1974-2017)
We lost our dear friend Prof. Dr. Murat Sezgin, a faculty member of Sinop University, Facultyof Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, Department of Basic Sciences of Fisheries, on 28.07.2017. Prof. Dr. Sezgin was a valuable scientist who specialized in the biology and ecology of Crustacea and the taxonomy of Amphipoda. He made significant contributions to the development of the benthology laboratory at Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries with his thesis and various projects on macrobenthic invertebrates.He born in 1974 in Pütürge, Malatya, Dr. Sezgin graduated from Ondokuz Mayıs University,Faculty of Fisheries in 1991 and started his undergraduate studies. In 1995, Dr. Sezgin started his master's degree under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Arif Gönülol and completed his master's thesis on "A research on Amphipoda (Crustacea) species in the supra, medio and upper infralittoral zones of the Sinop Peninsula coast"
Despite the importance of Rapana fisheries in the Black Sea region, few studies have focused on the non-target species, and determined discard rates from hauls on the deck, with no data on organisms that entered and subsequently escaped the fishing net during the dredge fishing. Rapana venosa is harvested along the entire coast of the Black Sea using dredging or beam-trawl fishing. This study adopted the cover net method to assess the composition and proportion of non-target escapees in Rapana fisheries by dredging along the western coast of the Black Sea. In this method, the dredge net bag (codend net) is covered with a second net bag that has a smaller mesh size to retain those individuals escaping from the dredge net bag. Up to 87% of the total ∼1.4×10⁶ individuals per km (ind. km⁻²) cover net catches belonged to non-target species. Overall, 24 non-target species were caught in the cover net, with 46% of species belonging to the Teleostei (mostly flatfishes), 21% Malacostraca, 17% Bivalvia, 8% Gastropoda, 4% Amphibia, and 4% Ascidiacea. On the other hand, up to 6.8% of the total ∼0.16×10⁶ ind. km⁻² catches of the codend net (dredge net) belonged to non-target species. Compared to the cover net, a total of seven non-target species were retained in the codend net, and six of them belonged to Bivalvia. This study demonstrated an apparent negative impact of Rapana fisheries, particularly on escapees that often go unaccounted for their vulnerability to stress and physical damage.
Çalışanlar, işletmelerin maliyet ve karlılıklarını etkileyen faktörler arasında önemli bir paya sahip unsurlardır. Çalışanların işletme hedefleri doğrultusunda yüksek performans gösterebilmeleri, doğrudan kişilerin işlerinden ve işyeri imkânlarından memnun olmalarıyla ilişkilidir. Bu memnuniyet iş doyumu kavramı ile ifade edilmektedir. Çalışanların iş doyum düzeyleri ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, iş doyumlarının arttırılmasına yönelik önerilerin geliştirilmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir kamu kurumu olan Orman Genel Müdürlüğü’nde görev yapan “Orman Mühendisi” unvanına sahip kişilerin iş doyumuna yönelik tutumları ölçülmüştür. Çalışma verileri anket tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Anket çalışması, Akdeniz ve Ege bölgelerindeki Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerinde görev yapan orman mühendislerinden 227 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Anket formu hazırlanırken iş doyumuna yönelik ölçeklerden faydalanılmış ve orman mühendislerine uyumlu hale getirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS istatistik programı kullanılmış ve yönetim tarzı, işin doğası, terfi, ücretler, ek imkânlar, ödül ve ödenekler ve iletişim faktörleri kapsamında araştırma hipotezleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, çalışanların yaş gruplarına, kıdemlerine, çalışma birimlerine ve görev yapılan bölgeye göre iş doyumunu etkileyen faktörler farklılık göstermekte, cinsiyete ve eğitim durumuna göre iş doyumunu etkileyen faktörler ise farklılık göstermemektedir.
