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20. Proportions of men and women in Sweden’s counties with obesity, aged 16–74 years, 1996–2002 (age-standardized values). Source : Survey of Living Conditions, Statistics Sweden.
Source publication
N Over half of the men and just over one-third of the women between 16 and 74 years in Sweden are overweight or obese. N The proportion of obese people has doubled, while the proportion of overweight men has increased by about 30% and of women by about 20% since 1980. N The increase in the proportion of overweight and obese people is occurring amon...
Citations
... This result may be due to obese and overweight people performing similar daily activities and having similar health problems and difficulties in these daily activities. Many studies show that overweight individuals will become obese in the future [18][19][20]. The scale is not expected to diagnose the obese and overweight group. ...
Background/aim:
Obesity is one of the main public health issue in many countries including Turkey. The aim of the study is to test cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of QOLOD rating scale in Turkish Language.
Materials and methods:
This methodological study was conducted among the overweight and obesity people between February ? March, 2018 in Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. The data was collected through self-report and face to face interview. The QOLOD rating scale has 36 items, a five-point Likert scale (1?5) is used for each question.
Results:
In the study, of the 180 participants, 101 (56.1%) were female, 79 (43.9%) were male, and the mean age was 43.36 ± 14.28 (min-max 18-87) years. According to the CFA, the Turkish version of QOLOD rating scale shows a multidimensional structure consisting of 34 items. Two items (item 11 and item 35) were excluded from the scale according to the CFA. Cronbach's Alpha value changes between 0.927-0.930.
Conclusion:
Finding shows that the Turkish version of QOLOD rating scale had sufficient validity and reliability for Turkish population, had strong psychometric characteristics.
... Modern civilization development, and with it the change in the way of life, contributes to a drastic reduction in physical activity, which, combined with a high-energy diet, seems to be the fundamental factors causing the occurrence of obesity, thus anticipating environmental and genetic factors. In view of the adverse health of an excessive increase in body fat, there is a need to take measures to normalise body weight in as many people as possible [5,6]. ...
The aim of a study: The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of patients with pathological obesity after laparoscopy sleeve gastrectomy in a six-minute march test.Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 30 patients with giant obesity hospitalized in the Surgery Clinic of the 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic in Bydgoszcz. The patient was evaluated on the day before the laparoscopic gastrectomy and one month after the surgery. In all patients a six-minute march test was performed and the author's questionnaire was used.Results: As a result of the operation, an average weight loss of 10 kg was observed in the patients, an improvement in efficiency, as well as the resignation or significant reduction in symptoms of coexisting diseases. Based on a 6-minute march test it was found that the distance covered by the patients increased by 30 m.Conclusions: 1. Bariatric surgeries are an effective method of weight reduction for patients with massive obesity. 2. As a result of the procedure, the number of ailments complained about by the patients has decreased. 3. The weight reduction in obese people as a result of a bariatric procedure, increases the functional ability to walk, assessed with a 6-minute march test. 4. The 6-minute march test provides useful information on the functional status of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. It is a simple, safe and efficient method for assessing the performance of patients with severe obesity.
... Obesity, defined as a BMI over 30, has been recognized as a health risk since Hippocrates [1,2], albeit a fairly minor one. That is no longer the case as the National Institute of Health lists obesity and overweight together as the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States, close behind tobacco use [3]. An estimated 375,000 deaths per year in the United States are due to obesity [4] and account for approximately 10% of total US medical costs [5]. ...
The past 50 years has brought attention to high and increasing levels of human obesity in most of the industrialized world. The medical profession has noticed, has evaluated, and has developed models for studying, preventing, and reversing obesity. The current model prescribes activity in specific quantities such as days, minutes, heart rates, and footfalls. Although decreased levels of activity have come from changes revolving around built environments and social networks, the existing medical model to lower body weights by increasing activity remains individually prescriptive. It is not working. The study of societal obesity precludes the individual and must involve group behavioral studies. Such studies necessitate acquiring separate tools and, therefore, require a significant change in the evaluation and treatment of obesity. Finding groups with common activities and lower levels of obesity would allow the development of new models of land use and encourage active lifestyles through shared interests.
... The VIP study found that those with only primary school education and who lived in rural, inland areas had consistently higher cholesterol levels and higher prevalence of hypertension than those living in urban areas and those with higher educational levels [8,9]. Diabetes and obesity are more common in the sparsely populated regions all over Sweden [10][11][12]. ...
... Much of the positive trend has been ascribed to public health interventions such as the Norsjö project, which evolved into the VIP Study [24], but it is possible that such interventions have been more successful in urban areas and perhaps better adopted by urban dwellers. Rural inhabitants have higher cholesterol levels mainly due to higher intake of saturated fat but also possibly due to more obesity, sedentary lifestyle and lower education [9,12]. If cholesterol levels would reverse and increase in rural and middle-sized communities, it is possible that we would see an increased incidence and mortality from MI. ...
Rural communities have a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors than urban communities. In Sweden, socioeconomic transition and urbanization have led to decreased populations in rural areas and changing characteristics of the remaining inhabitants. We investigated the risk factors in urban and rural populations in Northern Sweden.
The 2009 Northern Sweden MONICA Study invited a random sample of 2,500 people, 25 to 74 years and 69.2% participated. Community size was classified as rural = <1,000 inhabitants, town = 1,000-15,000, or urban/city= >15,000. We adjusted our analysis for age, gender and education.
The rural population was older and the proportion of men was higher than in the urban areas. Having only primary education was more common in rural areas than in urban areas (26.2% vs. 12.3%). Waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol levels were higher in rural areas than in urban areas, even after adjusting for differences in age and gender. The largest differences between rural and urban dwellers were seen in waist circumference of women (4.8 cm), BMI of women (1.8 units) and cholesterol of men (0.37 mmol/l). Blood pressure was higher in rural areas, but not after adjusting for age and gender.
Participants in rural areas were more often treated for hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, hospitalized for myocardial infarction and diagnosed with diabetes. However, after adjusting for age and gender, there were no differences. The odds ratio for being physically active comparing rural areas to urban areas was 0.73 (95% CI 0.53; 1.01). Smoking, snuff use and the prevalence of pathological glucose tolerance did not differ between community sizes. Middle-sized communities often had values in between those found in rural and urban communities, but overall they were more similar to the rural population. Further adjustment for education did not change the results for any variable.
In 2009 the rural population in northern Sweden was older, with less education, higher BMI, more sedentary lifestyle, and had higher cholesterol levels than the urban population. The rural population should be considered targets for focused preventive interventions, but with due consideration of the socioeconomic and cultural context.
... Our study had the limitations of being observational in nature, and thus we were unable to consider the influence of risk factors for breast cancer death that could have masked the mortality effect of screening. For instance, overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of dying from breast cancer (36,37), and the prevalence of obesity among adult women in Sweden nearly doubled from around 1980 until approximately 2000 (38). In Norway, there has been a similar increase in overweight and obesity (39), and the national breast screening program in Norway was launched about 12 years later than in Sweden. ...
Swedish women aged 40-69 years were gradually offered regular mammography screening since 1974, and nationwide coverage was achieved in 1997. We hypothesized that this gradual implementation of breast cancer screening would be reflected in county-specific mortality patterns during the last 20 years.
Using data from the Swedish Board of Health and Welfare from 1960 to 2009, we used joinpoint regression to analyze breast cancer mortality trends in women aged 40 years and older (1,286,000 women in 1995-1996). Poisson regression models were used to compare observed mortality trends with expected trends if screening had resulted in breast cancer mortality reductions of 10%, 20%, or 30% among women screened during 18 years of follow-up after the introduction of screening. All statistical tests were two-sided.
From 1972 to 2009, breast cancer mortality rates in Swedish women aged 40 years and older declined by 0.98% annually, from 68.4 to 42.8 per 100,000, and it continuously declined in 14 of the 21 Swedish counties. In three counties, breast cancer mortality declined sharply during or soon after the implementation of screening; in two counties, a steep decline started at least 5 years after screening was introduced; and in two counties, breast cancer mortality increased after screening started. In counties in which screening started in 1974-1978, mortality trends during the next 18 years were similar to those before screening started, and in counties in which screening started in 1986-1987, mortality increased by approximately 12% (P = .007) after the introduction of screening compared with previous trends. In counties in which screening started in 1987-1988 and in 1989-1990, mortality declined by approximately 5% (P = .001) and 8% (P < .001), respectively, after the introduction of screening. Conclusion County-specific mortality statistics in Sweden are consistent with studies that have reported limited or no impact of screening on mortality from breast cancer.
... It may be more technically difficult to perform operations in overweight and obese individuals particularly with these methods of repair. The prevalence of obesity in the operated patients (5%) was low as compared with the currently reported rate of at least 10% in the Swedish population [118]. ...
... A sedentary lifestyle along with the consumption of sugar, salted food and fast food are accounting for the overweight and obesity in the world. According to Bostrom and Eliasson [44], over 50% of men and 33.3% of women between the ages of 16 and 74 years in Sweden are overweight and obese. Wilks et al. [37] found that 73% of Jamaicans aged 15 to 74 years practice a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity was the third most popular disease (5.6% of the population, 8.5% of females and 2.7% of males) behind hypertension (20.2%) and diabetes mellitus (7.6%). ...
... Embedded in the increase in diabetes in children and young adults in Jamaica are parents' and children's nutritional intake (or lack thereof), as the dietary habits of Jamaicans have changed to include more fast foods and less nutrient dense diets. This extends beyond Jamaica to Barbados [44] and the USA [41]. With the exponential increase in diabetes over the last 5 years in Jamaica, and the increase in unhealthy lifestyle practices of the people, coupled with the sales explosion of the carbonated soft drink industry and the increase in fast food outlets, Jamaica is experiencing a diabetes epidemic which cannot be resolved without government and policy interventions. ...
Globally, chronic illnesses are the leading cause of mortality, and this is no different in developing countries, particularly in the Caribbean. Little information emerged in the literature on the changing faces of particular self-reported chronic diseases.
This study examines the transitions in the demographic characteristics of those with diabetes, hypertension and arthritis, as we hypothesized that there are changing faces of those with these illnesses.
A sample of 592 respondents from the 2002 and 2007 Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions. Only respondents who indicated that they were diagnosed with these particular chronic conditions were used for the analysis.
The prevalence of particular chronic diseases increased from 8 per 1,000 in 2002 to 56 per 1,000 in 2007. The average annual increase in particular chronic diseases was 17.2%. Diabetes mellitus showed an exponential average annual increase of 185% compared to hypertension (+ 12.7%) and arthritis (- 3.8%). Almost 5 percent of diabetics were less than 30 years of age (2.4% less than 15 years), and 41% less than 59 years. Three percent of hypertensive respondents were 30 years and under as well as 2% of arthritics.
The demographic transition in particular chronic conditions now demands that data collection on those illnesses be lowered to < 15 years. This research highlights the urgent need for a diabetes campaign that extends beyond parents to include vendors, confectionary manufacturers and government, in order to address the tsunami of chronic diseases facing the nation.
... The results in Paper II regarding overweight or obesity agree with previous studies showing that these aspects are evident risk factors for LTSA among both women and men. Increasing proportions of the working population were also found to be at risk [193], which contributes to increased LTSA (Paper II). On the other hand, smoking on a daily basis has been declining steadily among both sexes since the 1980s in Sweden [194]. ...
... Individuals with body mass index (BMI = weight divided by height squared) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m 2 are defined by WHO as overweight, and those with BMI 30 kg/m 2 or higher are obese [1]. In Sweden, the proportion of obese adults has doubled since 1980, while the proportion of overweight women and men has increased by about 20 percent and 30 percent, respectively, during the same period [2]. In 2002-03, one-third of all Swedish women and over half of men between 16 and 74 years of age were overweight or obese. ...
The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions in subgroups of the population on the counselling on lifestyle by health care professionals and the factors associated with this. The design was cross-sectional, based on a random sample of women and men aged 18-84 in south-central Sweden. The study was carried out in 2004 using a mail survey. Respondents who had reported at least one visit to a health care provider (and had also reported their weight and height) were eligible for this study. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to estimate odds ratios. In the area, approximately 49 percent of women and 62 percent of men who visited a health care provider were overweight or obese. Health care professionals asked those with raised BMI more often about their diet (normal-weight 14 percent, overweight 15 percent, obese 21 percent) and physical activity (PA) (normal-weight 17 percent, overweight 22 percent, obese 26 percent). Advising a change of habits showed a similar trend, although on lower levels than asking. An association with counselling about diet and PA was found for gender, age, country of birth, BMI, and weight-related comorbidities. The most notable was a strong association between health factors and reported counselling. Counselling about behaviour was strongly associated with smoking and risk-level drinking. The findings indicate that the majority of persons with lifestyle related risk factors did not receive lifestyle counselling. Obese persons, those with weight-related comorbidities, men, younger, and foreign-born people received diet and PA advice more often. The results show that further improvement of strategies for promoting a healthy lifestyle in health care settings is needed.
... W celu rozpoznania nadwagi lub otyłości można zastosować porównanie aktualnej z idealną masą ciała. Do Gdy całkowita masa ciała przekracza o 20% idealną masę ciała stwierdzona zostaje otyłość, przy dwukrotnym przekroczeniu natomiast -otyłość chorobliwa [24,25]. ...
... Przyczyny epidemii otyłości są złożone. Zmiany w zakresie stylu życia, które zaszły w ostatnich dekadach sprawiły, że ludzie coraz więcej czasu spędzają przed ekranem telewizora i komputera kosztem innych zajęć wymagających wydatkowania energii; jej zużycie jest więc stosunkowo małe [25]. Pojawiła się większa liczba osób jeżdżących samochodami, mieszkających na terenach zurbanizowanych, prowadzących siedzący tryb życia. ...
