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Denim is associated with the history of success and has endured economic challenges and changes in fashion. Due to its versatility, the connotation it makes as a social statement and acceptance in business meetings and other formal occasions, jeans is considered the top selling ‘bottom’ in the retail market. According to BernadetteKissane, Euromoni...
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Context 1
... cotton was selected and blended with the recycled fibers to produce strong yarns suitable for apparels. The properties of the virgin cotton and the recycled cotton fibers are given in Table 1. ...Context 2
... denim cut waste used for the project and the hard waste opening machine is given in Figs. 2 and 3 respectively. The output of the machine as recycled fibers is shown in Fig. 4. The flowchart for opening the denim waste into fiber form is represented in Fig. 5 Table 1. ...Context 3
... decrease in spaces between the yarn indicate the decrease in water vapour permeability and thermal conductivity as there is low movement for water and heat in and out of the fabric. Table 10 shows a mixed trend of responses to the comfort tests performed. In the case of wickability there is slower wicking property in the 100% recycled fabrics but as the virgin cotton composition increases there is better wickability in the warp and weft direction. ...Context 4
... F values for wickability and sinking tests show that there is significant difference between samples at 5% levels. Table 11 and Figs. 10, 11 and 12 reveals the absence of bacteria as the zone of inhibition is almost zero ( Kaur et al. 2012;Bhalodia and Shukla 2011;Reller et al. 2009). Many consumers may feel that the apparels made from recycled materials are susceptible to bacterial growth and infection, but the yarns go through all the processes involved in fabric processing and hence they are free from these notions. ...Context 5
... charges for spinning will be lesser when it is carried out in an industrial scale where bulk quantities will be used. Table 12 shows the cost in rupees for procuring the raw material, mechanical extraction of the fiber and the yarn development charges. The cost has been calculated for 1000 m of fabric for the sake of convenience. ...Similar publications
The surface treatment of fabrics in an atmospheric environment may pave the way for commercially viable plasma modifications of fibrous matters. In this paper, we demonstrate a durably superhydrophobic cotton cellulose fabric prepared in a single-step graft polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) by N2 and O2 atmospheric pressure plasma. We...
Citations
... AWGICHEW et al. [21], analyzed the effects of the use of recycled cotton fiber on the properties of OE-rotor spun yarns and hand-woven fabrics produced from these yarns. In a different study, OE-rotor yarns with different mixing ratios were produced from denim waste by RADHAKRISHNAN and KUMAR [22]. They obtained woven fabrics from these yarns and examined the mechanical, physical and comfort properties of the fabrics. ...
In this study, first of all, single jersey fabric scraps knitted from Ne 30/1 (19.7 Tex) cotton yarns were obtained. These scraps were recycled in the rag puller machine without mixing with any other products. Yarn production from recycled fibers was made by open-end spinning machine and Ne 30/1 yarns were systematically produced again. By comparing the test results of the initial state of the yarns and the test results after the recycling process, the impacts of the recycling process of the single jersey fabric knitted from Ne 30/1 cotton yarns on the yarn performance properties were presented objectively. Yarn unevenness of the recycled yarns increased due to the decrease in fiber lengths due to the damage given to the fibers during mechanical recycling.
... Pamuk atıklarının geri dönüşümü ile ilgili çalışmalar araştırıldığında, çoğunlukla çırçır makinelerinde, harman hallaç ve tarak ünitelerinde oluşan teleflerden open-end rotor ipliklerin özelliklerinin incelendiği tespit edilmiştir [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Ayrıca literatürde, tüketici öncesi pamuklu kumaş artıklarından üretilen iplik ve kumaşların özelliklerinin incelendiği çalışmalarda mevcuttur [29][30][31][32] ...
... Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, geri dönüşüm pamuk oranı arttığında bağıl su buharı geçirgenlik değerlerinin kısmen azaldığı görülmüştür. Bu durumun kumaşların kalınlık değerlerinden ve kumaş yapısında suyun düşük hareket oranından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir [30]. ...
Hızlı moda döngüsü ve kısa kullanım ömrüne sahip düşük maliyetli tekstil ürünleri, tekstil atık miktarının artmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Buna bağlı olarak tekstil endüstrisinin sürdürülebilir gelişimi için, katı tekstil atıklarının makul bir şekilde yönetimi zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Çalışmada farklı oranlarda geri dönüşüm pamuk (r-COT) ve pamuk (COT) harmanlarından (20/80, 35/65, 50/50, 100) Open-End Rotor iplikler üretilmiş ve ipliklerin özellikleri (kütlesel düzgünsüzlük, Uster tüylülük, hata indeksi, kopma mukavemeti ve kopma uzaması) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Yapısında en fazla oranda geri dönüşüm pamuk bulunan ipliğin en yüksek kütlesel düzgünsüzlük, tüylülük ve hata indeksi değerlerine, en düşük Rkm ve kopma uzaması değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmada farklı harmandan üretilen Open-End Rotor atkı ipliklerinden 8 tip denim kumaş üretilmiştir. Üretilen kumaşların tüm analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, geri dönüşüm pamuk oranı arttığında atkı yönü kopma mukavemeti, çözgü ve atkı yönü yırtılma mukavemeti, bağıl su buharı geçirgenliği, ısıl iletkenlik, ısıl soğurganlık değerlerinin azaldığı, kalınlık değerlerinin arttığı görülmüştür.
... Since the fibres are already coloured, the dyeing process is omitted, and the fabric is finished with a denim-like finish using recycled blended yarn for the weft and 100% white cotton yarn for the warp. Fabrics are tested for physical, mechanical, and comfort tests recommended as raw materials for garment manufacturing [5]. ...
One of the sectors of the global economy that releases the most pollutants is the textile industry. Textile waste can be divided into pre-consumer waste and post-consumer waste. During the cutting and manufacturing processes, factory pre-consumer waste is produced. Used clothing and other used textiles create post-consumer trash. Studies reveal that textile waste takes up almost 5% of total landfill space. About 84% of all waste is made up of clothing, and that waste is dumped in landfills where it takes up about 5% of the available space. Since only 10 to 25% of these end up as industrial waste, up to 95% of them can be recycled. The lifetime of clothing is thought to last three years on average. They are left on the land after that time. It is estimated one million metric tons of textiles are condemned annually. Instead of being recycled and reused, a lot of old clothes end up in landfills. This article focuses on different fabric wastes, their processing, the properties of recycled yarn, and the fabrics produced subsequently. There is a special focus on brands that have taken initiative to reduce textile waste by converting them into different products.
... Textile products are generally produced as blends in order to increase performance and quality properties, to obtain cost-savings to increase durability and hand value (Ibrahim 2011;Radhakrishnan and Kumar 2018). When evaluating textile products, it was decided to consider various blending virgin cotton/ recycled cotton ratios such as 100%, 80/20%, 50/50% as it largely affects the cost-saving and product quality as well as the environmental impacts (De Saxce et al., 2012;Esteve-Turrillas and de La Guardia, 2017;Kalliala and Nousiainen 1999;Radhakrishnan and Kumar 2018;Roos et al., 2015;Terinte et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2015). ...
... Textile products are generally produced as blends in order to increase performance and quality properties, to obtain cost-savings to increase durability and hand value (Ibrahim 2011;Radhakrishnan and Kumar 2018). When evaluating textile products, it was decided to consider various blending virgin cotton/ recycled cotton ratios such as 100%, 80/20%, 50/50% as it largely affects the cost-saving and product quality as well as the environmental impacts (De Saxce et al., 2012;Esteve-Turrillas and de La Guardia, 2017;Kalliala and Nousiainen 1999;Radhakrishnan and Kumar 2018;Roos et al., 2015;Terinte et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2015). Therefore, four scenarios were created to analyze the effect of different mechanically recycled cotton fiber ratios contribution to the assessment of the sustainability of denim fabric. ...
... Scenario 5 (S5) contained 50% recycled cotton fiber and scenario 7(S7) was produced only with 100% recycled cotton fiber. As it is stated above, 50/50% composition was a frequently used ratio in the literature (De Saxce et al., 2012;Esteve-Turrillas and de La Guardia, 2017;Kalliala and Nousiainen 1999;Radhakrishnan and Kumar 2018;Roos et al., 2015;Terinte et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2015) and 100% recycled cotton denim fabric was used to get the maximum recycling cotton ratio case results. ...
Due to the increase in consumption and awareness of environmental impacts, switching to new business models has become mandatory in the textile industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of using mechanically recycled cotton fiber instead of virgin cotton fiber, which is one of the most important raw materials in textiles and grown using a high amount of water and pesticides, and combined heat and power (CHP) plant instead of grid energy in terms of the environmental impacts, cost, and quality of denim fabric product via 8 scenarios using an integrated sustainability assessment approach. The scenarios were identified according to the use of the CHP plant in the manufacturing process and the ratio of recycled cotton fiber used in the product. Environmental impacts were analyzed using the life cycle assessment approach (LCA). Besides the environmental impact analyses, product quality and cost-savings of all scenarios were also examined using TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive and Multicriteria Decision Making) method to apply an integrated approach for sustainable denim fabric production. Global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential(AP), eutrophication potential(EP), water use, and cumulative energy demand(CED) were investigated as environmental impact categories in the production of denim fabric. In addition to environmental impact categories washed weight, tear, tensile, and cost-saving were determined as the attributes of TODIM. According to the LCA results, the highest environmental impact improvements were obtained as 98% water use, 90% EP, 74% AP, 63% CED, and 54% GWP for scenario 8 with 100% recycled cotton and CHP plant use. Besides, the use of the CHP plant offered 4% GWP and 0.42% water usage saving regardless of the recycled cotton ratio. In addition, scenario 8 also showed the best performance for the integrated sustainability assessment by TODIM. It is obviously demonstrated that the use of the mechanically recycled cotton as a raw material and CHP plant as an energy source through the manufacturing processes of denim production will facilitate the transfer of traditional linear economy business models of companies to the circular economy.
... As the recycled cotton yarn is dyed before recycling, there is savings in water, energy, dyes and auxiliaries, and effluent treatment cost (Niinimäki and Hassi 2011). The recycled cotton fiber was extracted from the denim cut waste by mechanical means and blended with virgin cotton to produce recycled cotton yarns using different blend ratios (Radhakrishnan and Kumar 2018). This method of recycling denim cut waste is adopted by some clothing companies, such as H&M, Adidas, M&S. ...
PurposeCotton yarns spun from natural fibers are widely used in the apparel industry. Most of waste cotton goods are now disposed by incineration or landfill, which brings resource and environmental challenges to the society. Using the waste cotton to spin yarns is an alternative way to forward a more sustainable future. In this research, two scenarios for the environmental impacts of yarns spun from corresponding fibers are investigated, including recycled cotton fibers and virgin cotton fibers.Methods
The life cycle assessment (LCA) has been conducted according to the collected data from on-site investigation of typical production factories. The life cycle for the recycled cotton yarn production is divided into five stages, i.e., raw material acquisition, transportation, breaking, mixing, and spinning. The life cycle of virgin cotton yarn production is been divided into four stages, i.e., raw material acquisition, transportation, mixing, and spinning. The functional unit is 1000 kg produced yarns which are used for weaving into the fabrics. Notable impacts on climate change, fossil depletion, water depletion, and human toxicity were observed.ResultsThe life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results show that environmental impacts of recycled cotton yarns are far less than those of virgin cotton yarns, except for climate change and water depletion. The reason is that the land occupation and irrigation water have great impact on environmental impacts of cotton cultivation. In spinning, the electricity is the key factor whose environmental impacts account for the most in the virgin cotton yarn scenario, while the electricity and water consumptions are the key factors for the recycled cotton yarn scenario in the life cycle of yarn production. The sensitivity analysis indicates that improving energy efficiency can significantly reduce environmental burdens for both the two scenarios. The uncertainty distribution of water depletion, human toxicity, fossil depletion, and climate change of the two scenarios were determined with a 90% confidence interval.Conclusions
The LCIA results reveal recycled cotton yarn is a viable alternative to relieve resource and environmental pressure. About 0.5 ha of agricultural land can be saved, 6600 kg CO2 eq can be reduced, and 2783 m3 irrigation water can be saved by using 1000 kg of the recycled cotton yarns. It can be concluded that the recycled cotton fibers can be served as a substitute for virgin cotton fibers to reduce agricultural land and avoid environmental impacts generated from the cotton planting.
