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Short-term engine performance tests were carried out on diesel engine fuelled with diesel and B5 (5% palm methyl ester + 95% diesel) blended fuel. Blended fuels was conducted in a Mitsubishi 4D68 4 in-line multi cylinders compression ignition (CI) engine with various engine speeds to determine the torque and power of engine. Brake specific fuel con...
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... Furthermore, the braking power, torque, exhaust contaminants, BTE, and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were comparable to diesel fuel. In [6], authors conducted trials with a (CI) engine. ...
INTRODUCTION In recent years, considerable global focus has been on the potential applications of compression ignition (CI) engine biodiesel fuel (BDF) derived from vegetable oil feedstock. This attention stems from the desire to decrease the reliance on petroleum resources and substantially lessen the greenhouse gas emissions [1-5]. Preheated palm oil was utilized to fuel the diesel engine. By preheating the fuel, its viscosity was decreased, leading to improved spraying and atomization characteristics. Furthermore, the braking power, torque, exhaust contaminants , BTE, and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were comparable to diesel fuel. In [6], authors conducted trials with a (CI) engine. A mixture of palm BDF 5% palm and 95% diesel fuel (DF) served as the engine's fuel. They noticed slight brake power (BP) and torque variations between B5 and DF. It was noticed that BSFC increased as the nitrogen oxides (NO x) emissions decreased, which occurred when the engine was fueled with B5. The amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and UHC released into the air were lower when a fuel blend of 5% BDF (B5) was used instead of DF [7]. The researchers examined the physio-chemical properties of palm oil and BDF blends, specifically investigating density, viscosity, and flash point. The qualities were experimentally evaluated using the ASTM test method, and a model was subsequently created to predict these properties. Their findings demonstrated a high degree ABSTRACT Recently, there has been significant interest in biodiesel, since it depends on renewable resources, which is essential given the increasing depletion of fossil fuels. Using palm oil in biodiesel production is an innovative application of botanical resources in this sector. Simulation research examined how blending palm oil with Iraqi conventional diesel influences engine performance. The impact of several mixtures, consisting of different proportions (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of palm oil and diesel, on engine fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, torque, brake mean pressure, brake power, and thermal efficiency was evaluated in each case. The study found that using palm oil fuel at a mixing ratio of 20% resulted in a 4% increase in fuel consumption. Furthermore, a 3% enhancement in volumetric efficiency was also noted. Again, there was a noticeable reduction in the torque, power, and average adequate pressure levels across all diesel fuel mixing ratios compared to diesel fuel, which exhibits the highest value.
... NOx emission increase with increase in engine load when biodiesel blends was used as compared to diesel oil. Yasin et al [10] conducted experiments on a Mitsubishi 4D68 4 inline multi cylinders compression ignition (CI) engine fueled with palm biodiesel blend (5% palm methyl ester, 95% diesel) and diesel fuel. Results indicated slight differences in brake power output and torque between B5 and diesel. ...
Biodiesel, with the potential to reduce emissions, is an attractive source of renewable energy in the transportation sector, which supports blending of diverse sources such as soybean oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, palm oil and waste cooking oil. This study presents an analysis of using positive valve overlap of 32 degrees on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fired by biodiesel from two sources (waste cooking oil biodiesel and palm oil biodiesel). The waste cooking oil (WC) and palm oil (PO) biodiesel were blended with diesel fuel in varying proportion of B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B85, B100. A 2-cylinder diesel engine model was created in Ricardo Wave software environment where simulations were conducted to evaluate brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, brake torque, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, and NOx emission. Performance results shows that at 1200 rpm, brake specific fuel consumption of 0.28798 kg/kWh for B100 and 0.27895 kg/kWh for PO100, brake thermal efficiency of 32.55% for B100 and 32.66% for PO100, and brake torque of 33.51N.m for B100 and 34.60 N.m for PO100. Emission results shows that CO emission of 15.10 ppm for B100 and 18.03 ppm for PO100, HC of 45.36ppm for B100 and 45.24 ppm for PO100; NOx of 154.03 ppm for B100 and 167.53 ppm for PO100. The implication is that the palm oil derived biodiesel uses less fuel and produces more brake power and brake torque as compared to waste cooking oil biodiesel. Conversely, emission results show that the palm oil derived biodiesel produces more emissions than waste cooking oil biodiesel.
... Nagaraja and others [9] investigated the effects of the engine compression ratio (CR) on the emission and performance features of a diesel engine using preheated palm oil blended with pure diesel blends. They use a single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at full load, using the preheated palm oil in the ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% blends with pure di- Yasin et al. [10] carried out experiments on a Mitsubishi 4D68 4-inline multi-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with palm biodiesel blend (5% palm methyl ester B5), and 95% pure diesel fuel. They observed slight differences in brake power output and torque between B5 and diesel. ...
Increasing global environmental issues and depleting fossil fuel reserves has necessitated the need for alternative and sustainable fuel. In this paper, the effects of biodiesel and its blend on engine emission and performance characteristics in an internal combustion engine were analyzed. Biodiesel derived
from the transesterification of raw palm oil was blended with diesel fuel at different proportions designated as PO5 (5% Biodiesel and 95% Diesel), PO10 (10% Biodiesel and 90% Diesel), PO15 (15% Biodiesel and 85% Diesel), PO20 (20% Biodiesel and 80% Diesel), PO50 (50% Biodiesel and 50% Diesel), PO85 (85% Biodiesel and 15% Diesel), and PO100 (100% Biodiesel). A Lombardini 2-cylinder, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine with a compression ratio of 22.8 was developed using Ricardo Wave software in which diesel, palm oil biodiesel blends and pure biodiesel are used in the model, and the obtained results were analysed and presented. The simulation was done under varying engine speeds of 1200 rpm to 3200 rpm at full load condition. Biodiesel and its blends are more environment-friendly and non-toxic when compared to diesel fuel; it also improves the mechanical efficiency of the engines, and above all can also lead to a reduction in poverty among rural dwellers. The obtained results showed that brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency increased with palm oil biodiesel blends as compared to diesel fuel which might be a result of biodiesel’s lower heating value, and the increase in thermal energy may be a result of the oxygenation of the biodiesel blend as compared to pure diesel. In terms of brake torque, palm oil biodiesel blends were lesser than diesel fuel. The CO, HC, and NOx emissions of palm oil biodiesel blends decreased significantly compared to that of pure diesel. From this study, palm oil biodiesel emits lesser emissions than diesel fuel and its performance characteristics are similar to diesel fuel. Therefore, palm oil biodiesel can be used without any modifications directly in a diesel engine. In addition, it can also be used as blends as an alternative and sustainable fuel, decreasing air pollution, and increasing environmental sustainability.
... Figure 14 shows the relationship between CO2, CO, HC and NOx emission, with each of the fuels used in the idling speed and 2,500 rpm states. In the idling speed state, the MBT-50 vehicle reduced 12. [35], where, when testing biodiesel at low proportions, it concludes that the CO2, CO and HC emission parameters vary with engine speed by reducing their values compared to conventional diesel, in addition, a non-significant increase in NOx emissions is obtained, results that are consistent with the research of [36]. In Figure 17, the ratio of CO emissions according to independent variables is indicated, defining the mathematical model that relates them to the type of fuel, vehicles, and regime. ...
Biodiesel is one of the best renewable fuels to reduce dependence on petroleum derivatives. The objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical and environmental performance in compression ignition engines with the use of biodiesel in proportions of 5 % (B5), 15 % (B15), and mixtures with additive B5A and B15A, through the experimentation and use of automotive measuring equipment, for mass application in automotive vehicles. The methodology applied is based on the development of two stages; the first is the preparation of the mixtures to be used in the research with the corresponding diesel/biodiesel percentage for each, and the second is the analysis of mechanical and environmental behavior through the use of properly calibrated and updated diagnostic equipment. The results show that the B5 mixture shows the best values, managing to maintain power and torque with non-significant decreases compared to diesel, with averages of 1.1 % and 0.3 %, respectively. As the percentage of biodiesel increases, the opacity value decreases from 44.8 % with B15 and 59.3 % with B15A. In relation to exhaust gases, additive mixtures show the most significant reduction in CO2, CO, and HC emissions, while NOx emissions rise slightly as biodiesel concentration increases, but statistically, it is not significant.
... Nagaraja and others [9] investigated the effects of the engine compression ratio (CR) on the emission and performance features of a diesel engine using preheated palm oil blended with pure diesel blends. They use a single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at full load, using the preheated palm oil in the ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% blends with pure di- Yasin et al. [10] carried out experiments on a Mitsubishi 4D68 4-inline multi-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with palm biodiesel blend (5% palm methyl ester B5), and 95% pure diesel fuel. They observed slight differences in brake power output and torque between B5 and diesel. ...
... The increase in BSFC was necessary since biodiesel contains roughly 0.32 percent less energy than diesel. [20] K. Arumugam et al. (2016) studied the behaviour of a diesel engine that was fed 100 percent methyl ester palm biodiesel. The palm biodiesel test results are compared to those of plain diesel. ...
Recently, the interest in eco-friendly and renewable fuels has been highly developed to get rid of environmental pollution. The developed countries focus on renewable energy like wind energy, biofuels, and solar energy. Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable energy sources because of its similar qualities to those of diesel fuel. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the most recent biofuel kinds and mixes, as well as examinations of how they function in various engines.
... Since it absorbs CO 2 while growing, it showed lower amounts of CO 2 emissions. Examples are corn (Balamurugan, Arun, and Sathishkumar 2018;Rama Krishna Reddy et al. 2019;Saravankumar et al. 2019), coconut (Soudagar, Afzal, and Kareemullah 2020;Rajasekar, Ganesan, and Marynishanthi 2020;Venkatesh and Prasanthi 2020), palm (Deepanraj et al. 2016;Appavu et al. 2019;Gad et al. 2018;Bari and Hossain 2019;Ali et al. 2015;Yasin et al. 2015;Inbanaathan, Dhinesh, and Tamila ...
In today's world, transportation plays a major role to meet the daily needs of people and helps in reducing the gap between demand and supply chain, also contributing to the country's gross domestic product. The principal energy for the transportation of automobiles is crude oil. The combustion of diesel fuel is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases. In this context, the utilization of alternative fuels such as biofuels is a need of the hour. Several researchers discussed the effect of biofuels on emission characteristics of Compression Ignition engines and results revealed a rise in nitrogen oxide emission due to higher oxygen content. Hence, fuel additives and emission reduction techniques were used for decreasing NOx emissions. However, the extensive discussion is not explored on algal, non-edible, and edible bio-fuels by adding nano-additives and exhaust gas recirculation on nitrogen oxide emission. So, the main objective of this article is to discuss the various types of nano-particles and their effects when blended with biodiesel on NOx emissions of CI engines. This article also summarized the reduction of nitrogen oxide emission using the exhaust gas recirculation technique. The study revealed that for exhaust gas recirculation flow rates of 10% to 30% substantial decrement in NOx up to 60% can be achieved.
... The results on engine performance showed an increase in BSFC up to 4.22% compared to the data obtained when using straight diesel at an engine speed of 3000 rpm. It was also found that the utilization of palm oil B5 could reduce the CO emission level and insignificant amount of HC and CO emissions, while NOx emission was found to be higher compared to that of diesel [34]. ...
Biodiesel has caught the attention of many researchers because it has great potential to be a sustainable fossil fuel substitute. Biodiesel has a non-toxic and renewable nature and has been proven to emit less environmentally harmful emissions such as hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) as smoke particles during combustion. Problems related to global warming caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could also be solved by utilizing biodiesel as a daily energy source. However, the expensive cost of biodiesel production, mainly because of the cost of natural feedstock, hinders the potential of biodiesel commercialization. The selection of natural sources of biodiesel should be made with observations from economic, agricultural, and technical perspectives to obtain one feasible biodiesel with superior characteristics. This review paper presents a detailed overview of various natural sources, their physicochemical properties, the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of biodiesel when used in a diesel engine. The recent progress in studies about natural feedstocks and manufacturing methods used in biodiesel production were evaluated in detail. Finally, the findings of the present work reveal that transesterification is currently the most superior and commonly used biodiesel production method compared to other methods available.
... Fuel properties of diesel and biodiesel (Yasin et al., 2015;Ellaiyan and Amirthagadeswaran, 2016;Sethi et al., 2020;Khihiero and Ebhodaghe, 2020;Gerpen, 1996;Sivaramakrishnan and Ravikumar, 2012;Hossein et al., 2019;Savost'yanov et al., 2017;Barua et al., 2020). ...
... Hence, to replace diesel by biodiesel, it is the primary concern to compare the fuel properties between diesel and biodiesel and to approve the suitability of biodiesel instead of diesel. Table 2 provides below the fuel property of both diesel and biodiesel based on recent research on biodiesel (Yasin et al., 2015;Ellaiyan and Amirthagadeswaran, 2016;Sethi et al., 2020;Khihiero and Ebhodaghe, 2020;Gerpen, 1996;Sivaramakrishnan and Ravikumar, 2012;Hossein et al., 2019;Savost'yanov et al., 2017;Barua et al., 2020). From Table 2, it is noticed that the density of diesel is lower than biodiesel. ...
... In general, the lower calorific value for diesel is approximately on an average 42-43 MJ/kg. B20 can achieve this energy content, and B100 is slightly smaller than that, near about 40 MJ/kg (Yasin et al., 2015). The flashpoint is much higher in biodiesel than diesel. ...
During this industrialized era, consumption of high-speed diesel (HSD) is increasing rapidly in the power, transportation, agriculture, and other commercial sectors of Bangladesh, albeit a significant amount of HSD is imported from foreign countries. The fuel mono-dependency on imported HSD demands huge economic investment of any country that consequences a negative impact on the cash flow of the overall economy. This study emphasized the contribution of HSD from petroleum products in significant fields and provided the current scenario of diesel import. Besides fuel issues, the other major environmental concern of Bangladesh is tremendous carbon emission caused by the overuse of diesel that consequences severe environmental pollution. To minimize the investment in imported HSD as well as environmental pollution, an alternative fuel, biodiesel generation, has been proposed in this study. This study also projected the total approximate biodiesel production from chicken skin collected from the whole of Bangladesh. Besides, this study also predicted the possible amount of can be replaced by biodiesel from chicken skin and aimed at the cost reduction due to the replacement of diesel by biodiesel.
... Biodiesels are currently the most attractive alternatives for diesel fuel because of their higher biodegradation, reduced toxicity, safe storage, and enhanced lubricity compared to the ordinary diesel fuels [44]. In fact, they are being progressively more used in gas turbine engines [45][46][47] in addition to the diesel engines [48][49][50]. Because of their miscibility on diesel, biodiesels are usually added to diesel in the form of blends of variable proportions and without further engine modifications [44]. ...
The liquid-phase processes occurring during fuel droplet combustion are important in deciding the behaviour of the overall combustion process, especially, for the binary fuel droplets. Hence, understanding these processes is essential for explaining the combustion of the binary fuel droplet. However, experimental investigation of such processes is not easily accomplishable due to the very short period of time available for tracking them within the finely small fuel droplet. In the present work, a high speed imaging and subsequent image processing leading to quantitative analysis of the binary fuel droplet combustion including liquid-phase dynamics are performed. Two categories of binary fuels – in which diesel is the base fuel – are prepared and utilized. The first category is biodiesel/diesel and bioethanol/diesel blends, while the second category is the water-in-diesel and diesel-in-water emulsions. Specific optical setup is developed and used for tracking droplet combustion. The resulting magnification of the droplet images is up to 30 times the real size, offering the possibility of droplet interior visualization at high imaging rates up (to 40,000 fps). With the aid of this setup, spatial and temporal tracking of nucleation, bubble formation, puffing, microexplosion, and secondary atomization during the combustion of two adjacent binary fuel droplets are performed. The burning rate constants are evaluated and found to have the same trends as the isolated droplet combustion. However, the ratio of the droplet burning rate constant of the interactive droplet combustion to that of the isolated droplet combustion is higher than unity. This is the same for the nucleation rate within the interacting fuel droplets.
